RESUMO
Background: Periapical intraoral radiographs are useful in assessing periapical pathologies; essential information often is not extracted owing to difficult interpretation and two-dimensional presentation of three-dimensional structures focusing on using cone beam CT (CBCT) and other advanced imaging modalities. Aims: The present study was conducted to comparatively assess the digital intraoral radiography to CBCT in the diagnosis of periapical pathologies. Materials and Methods: In 50 teeth, CBCT and digital imaging were compared in assessing periapical pathologies using CBCTPA and six-point scoring. The scores obtained were assessed and compared with statistical evaluation. The data were expressed in percentage and number and mean and standard deviation. The level of significance was kept at P < 0.05. Results: On comparing 3D CBCT and 2D digital imaging for assessing the study parameters, it was seen that resorption was seen in 33, 30, and 9 teeth, respectively, on 3, 2, and 1 rooted tooth on CBCT and 13, 16, and 7 teeth on digital radiography. The numbers of roots and root canals on CBCT were 45, 34, and 18 in 3, 2, and 1 rooted tooth and 50, 32, and 18 on digital imaging. Lesions were detected on CBCT in 16, 18, and 18 teeth on CBCT in 3, 2, and 1 rooted tooth, respectively, and in 14, 14, and 16 teeth on digital imaging. Comparing the five-point scale for lesions and CBPAI index for CBCT and digital imaging, the difference was statistically significant with P = 0.004 and <0.0001, respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that 3D CBCT is superior in accuracy to 2D imaging in diagnosing the periapical lesions, especially concerning multirooted teeth. Owing to its high radiation exposure and cost, 2D imaging can be incorporated in assessing periapical pathology for the single-rooted tooth.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The long-term success of root canal therapy depends on the effective debridement and removal of smear layer and debris from the canal. Root canals with difficult anatomy and complex systems pose great challenge to achieve this. Mechanical therapy alone cannot achieve this goal, various intracanal chemicals also have their own limitations along with the difficulty in reaching the farfetched and difficult areas, and hence, introduction of ultrasonic bypass system has been a boon for the endodontic therapy. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the various root canal medicaments along with ultrasonic bypass system in effectively cleaning the debris and smear layer from the various parts of the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty single-rooted anterior maxillary and mandibular human teeth were collected for this study, after disinfection, they were sectioned into three equal parts coronal, middle, and apical and these parts were later studies under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and scoring as per the scoring criteria set before the study was done and results were then compared statistically. RESULTS: Group with both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaOCl with ultrasonic bypass system was the most effective one, when compared with sterile water, NaOCl + ultrasonic bypass system, EDTA + ultrasonic bypass system. NaOCl + ultrasonic bypass system was more effective as compared with the EDTA + ultrasonic bypass system. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic bypass system is a useful tool for debris and smear layer removal from a root canal system, but its effectiveness increases when both EDTA and NaOCl are used along with it.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Root canal (RC) treatment is most common and effective method for treatment of diseases related to periapical area and pulp of teeth. With the increase in age, the formation of secondary dentin, calcification of canals, and reduction of medullary cavity volume, it becomes increasingly difficult to accomplish a perfect RC treatment, hence the understanding of RC variation and changes in variation with increasing age improves the success rates. AIM: The aim of this study was to study the RC variation in the age-group of 10-14 years and to find if the gradual increase in age plays a role in increasing the complexity of RC variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out in Government Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India, from January 2018 to April 2019. Subjects within the age range of 10-14 years were selected conferring to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into the groups according to age-Group I: 10-11 years, Group II: 11-12 years, Group III: 12-13 years, and Group IV: 13-14 years. The subjects were further divided into Group A and B according to sex to study if there is any significant difference in RC variation. Three intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiography with radiovisiography (RVG) of each subject were taken from three different predetermined angles and these IOPAs were then analyzed by three independent observers and the most agreed on value was included. The IOPAs were analyzed for the number of roots, the number of canals in each root and the variation of each RC were classified according to Vertucci's Classification. RESULTS: The most common T of RC variation in mesial root of mandibular first molar was T IV succeeded by T II and T I. For distal canal of mandibular first molar, the most common variation was T I, followed by T II and T III. In our study we found that 98.88% of mandibular molars were having two roots. No significant difference was found in the variation of canal according to age or sex in our study. CONCLUSION: Hence, we conclude that no significant difference is seen in RC variation according to sex and age. As the groups we included in our study were not wide apart enough in age, a further long-term study is needed to ascertain if the complexity of RC increases with age.
