[Prevalence and risk factors of constipation in the adult population of Moscow (according to population-based study MUSA)].

UNLABELLED: Aim was assessment prevalence of chronic constipation (CC) in adult Moscow population and associated prevalence/risk factors. MATERIAL & METHODS: Data was collected from 1189 randomly selected subjects older than 18 y. o. We used specially designed Questionnaire, which included questions for constipation, dietary habits, physical activity, obstetric history. RESULTS: 34.3% subjects said "yes" to question whether they had constipation, 16.5% had CC according to Rome III criteria. Female have significantly (p < 0.001) higher rate of 2 (as a minimum) symptoms of constipation: 29.8 (see symbol) 14.3% correspondently. Prevalence of CC has a tendency to increase with age reaching maximum 32.8% in subjects older 65 y. o. Factors associated with higher prevalence of CC are any number of deliveries in female, low level of dietary fiber and fluid intake and low physical activity (in male younger 55 y.o. with increased body mass index). CONCLUSION: CC is a common (especially in the elders) condition, associated with female gender, dietary habits, and physical activity.

[Prevalence of diverticulosis and colon tumors among adult population of Moscow with constipation and symptoms of anxiety (according to population-based study MUSA)].

UNLABELLED: Aim was to assess the diagnostic value of the alarm symptoms (AS's) in subjects with constipation based on prospective examination of adult population. MATERIAL & METHODS: Data was collected from 1189 randomly selected subjects older than 18 y.o. we used specially designed Questionnaire, which included questions for constipation and AS's (such as rectal bleeding, weight loss, permanent intensive abdominal pain, fever and family history of colorectal cancer (CRC)). Subjects with either constipation or AS (s) were offered to do endoscopy. RESULTS: Any of the AS (s) was registered in 11.3%. After survey 300 subjects were supposed to do endoscopy. 222 (74%) subjects agreed to be undergone rectoscopy and colonoscopy. The prevalence of colon diverticulosis was 16.2%, the prevalence of colorectal polyp (s)--10.8%, CRC--4.5%. The highest predictive value for CRC had the combination of symptoms: rectal bleeding+family history of CRC--50%, the lowest--abdominal pain (4.8%). CONCLUSION: The combination of symptoms: rectal bleeding + family history of CRC has the highest predictive value for CRC.

[The damaging role of endogenous nitric oxide in the development of the experimental DSS-induced colitis in rats].

An experimental study on rats to determine the role of inducible NO production in the pathogenesis of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon. The introduction of DSS induces the formation of lesions of the colon mucosa of different severity, which is accompanied by increased synthesis of NO and the stable metabolite of NO - citrulline. Inhibition of NO-synthase reduces the release of NO and the formation of lesions of the colon. The Conduct of experimental research on animals will allow further study of the role of NO in the dynamics of damage development and the medication protective role of inhibition of NO-synthase.

[Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis associated with gluten-sensitivity celiac disease].

The paper describes a clinical case of gluten-sensitivity celiac disease (GSCD) and recurrent lower extremity vein thrombosis in a female patient. According to the data available in the literature, GSCD is associated with increased risk for thrombosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia and protein S, folates, and vitamin B, 2 deficiencies may be responsible for thrombophilia in GSCD. Moreover, GSCD may be associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.

[Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with ulcerative colitis].

AIM: Adjusting therapy of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) regarding their cytomegalovirus (CMV)--status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 patients were included, mean age--44.3 +/- 3.2 yo. DNA CMV was detected in mucosal tissue samples from rectum using real-time PCR. RESULTS: 4 (10%) were CMV-positive. CMV-positive status rate was higher among patients on therapy with immunomodulators 3 (23.1%) vs 1 in patients on steroids and/or salicylates. There was significantly higher rate of severe disease and steroid dependence among CMV-positive patients than among CMV-negative: 75% vs 13.9%, 75% vs 8.3% correspondently. CONCLUSION: CMV-infection is associated with severe and steroid-dependent UC.

[4th Congress of ECCO (5-7 February 2009, Hamburg (Germany). (The European Crohn's and Colitis Organization)--Inflammatory bowel diseases 2009)].

In February 5-7, 2009 in Hamburg (Germany) 4th Congress of ECCO (the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization) took place. More than 2000 specialists in IBD from the European and the other countries participated at the Congress. The theme of the meeting was "The Unmet Need in inflammatory Bowel Disease". This means the needs of patients and those of science. Many interesting clinical and fundamental works were presented at the Congress.

[Adalimumab therapy in Crohn's disdease].

In spite of using biologic agents for treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), the problem of therapy of CD hasn't been resolved yet. As was shown, approximately 60% patients can't continue treatment with Infliximab because of its primary non-response or secondary loss of response or intolerance. The fully-human monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Adalimumab, was significantly effective in randomized placebo-controlled studies for induction remission and for maintaining therapy of CD as well. The drug proved to be effective in patient with previous Infliximab experience, independently of the cause of failure treatment.

[Role of nitric oxide (NO) in the etiopathogenesis of certain alimentary diseases].

Nitric oxide is one of essential regulators of the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract including vascular tone, transfer of nerve impulses, protection of mucous coats, motor activity and secretion. The review of literature presents data on sources of nitric oxide, its molecular and cellular interaction, role in the genesis of different diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The experimental and clinical material provides grounds for approaches to the regulation of this signaling pathway with the help of nitric oxide donors, activators and inhibitors of its formation, arginine, antioxidants, phosphodiesterase and guanylate cyclase inhibitors. The bibliography includes 93 references.