[Remote results of infrainguinal bypass graft procedures for critical lower limb ischaemia]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty infraingvinal'nykh shuntirovanii pri kriticheskoi ishemii nizhnikh konechnostei.

AIM: The study was aimed at assessing the remote results of infrainguinal reconstructions in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia depending upon the bypass graft material used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Analysed herein are the results of 237 infrainguinal bypass procedures performed over a 9-year period from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2018. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the level of the distal anastomosis. Each group was then subdivided into subgroups based on the bypass graft material. Group One comprised 40 patients having endured femoral-proximal-popliteal bypass grafting. Group Two was composed of 77 patients after femoral-distal-popliteal bypass graft operations. Group Three included 120 patients after femorotibial bypass graft procedures. The comparative analysis was carried out in the first group between autovenous and synthetic grafts, in the second group - between autovenous, synthetic grafts and xenografts, and in the third group - between autovenous, composite grafts and xenografts. RESULTS: The primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years in the first group amounted to 92, 88, and 73%, in the second group to 68, 60, 45% and in the third group - to 58, 49, and 43%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year limb salvage rates in the first group were 100, 100, and 87%, in the second group - 90, 85, 73%; and in the third group - 90, 80, and 79%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed only when comparing the femoral-proximal and tibial grafts (p=0.039). Patients' survival at 1, 3, and 5 years in all groups turned out to be approximately similar, amounting in the first group to 92, 84, and 61%, in the second group to 96, 91, 71%, and in the third group to 88, 77, and 69%, respectively (p=0.87). In the first group, there were no significant differences between autovenous and synthetic grafts for any of the parameters studied. In the second group, the synthetic grafts (20%) were significantly inferior by the 5-year patency to autovenous grafts (65%) and xenografts (56%), as well as by the limb salvage rate to autovenous grafts (47 versus 84%). In the third group, the 5-year patency was the worst for the subgroup of composite grafts (15%), with the patency of xenografts being slightly inferior to that of autovenous grafts (33 vs. 55%). CONCLUSION: In patients presenting with critical ischaemia and requiring infrainguinal bypass grafting, as an alternative to an autovein if unavailable may serve synthetic prostheses when shunting to the proximal portion of the popliteal artery, or xenografts when shunting to the distal portion of the popliteal artery or tibial arteries. Despite worse patency, with their help it is possible to achieve regression of critical ischaemia and an acceptable limb salvage rate, which is comparable to the results of autovenous grafts.

[Two-year results of infrainguinal reconstructions using autovenous shunts and xenografts]. / Dvukhletnie rezul'taty infraingvinal'nykh rekonstruktsii s ispol'zovaniem autovenoznykh shuntov i ksenoprotezov.

The authors analysed two-year results of inftrainguinal distal arterial reconstructions using xenograft ("kemAngioprosthesis") as compared with an autovein. Ours was a retrospective study including a total of 110 patients who endured 57 femoropopliteal (distal) and 54 femorotibial bypasses by means of both an autovein and a xenograft used as a shunt. The indications for reconstructive operation in the majority of cases was critical ischaemia induced by an atherosclerotic lesion of the femoropoplitealtibial segment corresponding to type D according to the TASC II classification. A xenograft was used only in case when the patient had neither great nor small saphenous vein suitable for use. Xenografts were used in 38 operations. In femoropopliteal (distal) bypasses the primary two-year patency of the xenograft virtually did not differ from that of autovenous shunts (70.1 and 76.5%, respectively). The two-year limb salvage rate for xenografts and autoveins used as shunts amounted to 87.1 and 88.7%, respectively. In For femorotibial bypass grafting, primary 2-year patency of xenografts was considerably worse and amounted to 35.8 versus 73.7% for autovenous shunts. The two-year limb salvage rate did not depend upon the type of the shunt, amounting in both cases to 80.2%. A characteristic complication for using xenografts was aneurysmatic degeneration of the shunts, which was observed in 21% of cases averagely 2 years after surgery. A conclusion was made that using xenografts for infrainguinal bypass operations may be considered as an adequate alternative in case of no autovenous material available.

[Remote results of implantation of cava filters: analysis of errors and complications].

The authors carried out comparative assessment of efficacy of cava filters (CF) for prevention of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in patients presenting with iliofemoral thrombosis with flotation of thrombi, as well as analysed complications in the remote postimplantation period. A total of 266 patients were examined within the terms from 1 month to 10 years after CF implantation. Depending on the type of the implanted device, all patients were subdivided into 3 groups: group 1 (n=65) consisted of patients with one-level CF, group 2 (n=112) comprised those with "sandglass" and "shuttle" type two-level cava filters, and group 3 (n=89) was composed of patients with the implanted CF "TrapEase" and "OptEase". In the remote period relapsed PATE was revealed in 5.2% of cases. Embolism in the CF was noted in 9.3% of cases, with the incidence rate of this complication not depending on the type of the implanted device. However, total occlusion of the inferior vena cava after embolism was observed 2 times more often in patients of the 2nd and 3rd group. In the first group recanalization of the intrafilter space occurred in one third of cases. Chronic occlusion of the inferior vena cava was revealed in 13.9% of cases, most frequently in group 2. Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava with the development of inferior vena cava syndrome was diagnosed in 24.1% of patients with thrombotic lesion below the level of renal veins confluence. This complication was associated with both characteristics of CF and technical errors of implantation, and was also encountered more frequently in group 2.