Lung cancer metastasizing to salivary glands: Systematic review.

ABSTRACTS: Metastasis to salivary glands from the secondary source outside the head and neck region is extremely rare and Carcinoma Lung is one of the rarest sources of distant spread to salivary glands. Owing to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, accurate identification of clinical and pathological aspects of these metastatic lesions remains a challenging task. Many studies regarding metastasis to the oral cavity have been already documented in the literature, but very little research work has been done to analyse the cases of lung cancer metastasis as the sole primary source, particularly to salivary glands. Thus this review was conducted to analyse the published cases of lung cancer metastasizing to salivary glands as the only primary source till date. An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science direct, Embase, and Research gate databases, using Mesh keywords like (Lung cancer', OR 'Lung carcinoma), AND (Metastasis OR Metastases), And (Salivary glands OR Parotid gland OR Submandibular gland OR Sublingual gland). We also searched all related journals manually. The reference list of all articles was also checked. Our research revealed 34 relevant papers between 1965-2022 with a total of 44 patients. The most prevalent diagnosed metastatic Lung cancer was Small cell lung cancer. Parotid was the most common gland involved in metastasis. 48% of patients died of metastasis with a mean survival time of 2.2 years. Salivary gland metastasis from Lung cancer is very rare and has a poor prognosis. More cases need to be published in order to raise awareness of these lesions and gain a better understanding of their characteristics.

Susceptibility of periodontal pathogens to a novel target-specific drug delivery system containing self-nanoemulsifying curcumin: An in vitro study.

Background: Long-term use of many classic chemotherapeutic agents as adjuncts in the management of periodontitis has adverse complications, leading to seeking out naturopathic remedies. Although curcumin has been investigated in managing periodontitis, its therapeutic benefits have not been fully explored due to its limited solubility in an aqueous medium. This study aimed to develop a novel target-specific drug delivery system containing 1% self-nanoemulsifying curcumin (SNEC) in a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix and evaluate the susceptibility of periodontal pathogens to this system in vitro. Methods: Its antibacterial activity against Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was evaluated and compared to pure nano-curcumin and SNEC alone by estimating their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Results: The antibacterial activity of pure nano-curcumin, SNEC, and SNEC in HPMC against the four periodontal pathogens evaluated in terms of MIC was recorded in the range of 0.2‒0.4, 0.4‒0.8, and 0.2‒0.8 µg/mL, respectively. However, the MIC of all three curcumin formulations against the periodontal pathogens tested was higher than that of the standard moxifloxacin. While both pure nano-curcumin and SNEC showed increasing values of inhibition zones with increasing concentrations on disk diffusion assay, lower concentrations of SNEC in HPMC did not show a zone of inhibition against the tested pathogens. Conclusion: The novel delivery system containing SNEC in HPMC may be a potential adjunct in managing periodontitis due to its probable sustained antimicrobial activity against the tested periodontal pathogens.

Glycine encephalopathy.

Inherited neurotransmitter diseases are a subset of rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by hereditary deficiencies in neurotransmitter metabolism or transport. Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH), called glycine encephalopathy, is an autosomal recessive glycine metabolism disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycine in all bodily tissues, including the CNS. The SLC6A9 gene, which codes for the GLYT1 protein, a biochemical abnormality in the GCS, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase enzymes, which function as a GCS component, are responsible for the neonatal form's symptoms, which include progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and occasionally mortality in the first few days of life. By changing the MAPK signalling pathways, glycine deprivation in the brain damages neurons by increasing NMDA receptor activation, increasing intracellular Ca levels, and leading to DNA breakage and cell death in the neuron region. In addition to the previously mentioned clinical diagnosis, NKH or GE would be determined by MLPA and 13C glycine breath tests. Pediatricians, surgeons, neurologists, and geneticists treat NKH and GE at the newborn period; there is no cure for either condition.

Jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as sole primary source: A systematic review.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lung cancer metastasis to oral region is very rare. Very few research work has been conducted till date to analyse the jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as the primary source. The goal of this research was to examine published cases of jaw bone metastasis from lung cancer as the sole primary source from 1st December 1961 to 31st December 2021 and to learn about their characteristics. Material and Methods: An electronic search of the published English literature was performed in PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Research gate databases, using keywords like 'Lung cancer', OR/AND 'Lung carcinoma', OR/AND 'Metastasis', OR/AND 'Primary', OR/AND 'Source', OR/AND 'Oral cavity' OR/AND 'Jaw', OR/ AND 'Mandible', OR/AND 'Maxilla', OR/ AND 'Temporomandibular joint', OR/ AND 'Condyle', OR/ AND 'Ramus', OR/ AND 'Maxillary sinus', AND Initial', OR/ AND 'Treatment', OR/AND 'Prognosis', OR/ AND 'Follow-up', OR/AND 'Recurrence', OR/ AND 'Survival rate'. We also searched all related journals manually. Reference list of all articles was also checked. Data extracted were tabulated and summarized. Results: In total, we found 60 relevant publications with 66 patients in our research. The prognosis was poor, with a survival time of 1 week to 1.5 years. The most prevalent diagnosed metastatic lung cancer to jaw bones was adenocarcinoma and mandible was the predominant site. Conclusions: Jaw bone metastasis from lung cancer is rare and has a bad prognosis. Because of their resemblance to other jaw problems and late clinical signs, these lesions go unnoticed the majority of the time, making detection difficult. More cases need to be published in order to raise awareness of these lesions and gain a better understanding of their characteristics. Key words:Jaw bone, lung cancer, metastasis, primary, prognosis.

A comparative evaluation of propolis and light-cured ormocer-based desensitizer in reducing dentin hypersensitivity.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and the durability of propolis and Light-cured ormocer-based desensitizer (Admira Protect, Voco: Cuxhaven Germany) in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted over a period of 2 months on 13 patients with 72 hypersensitive teeth, randomly allocated into three treatment groups: Group A: Treated with Propolis, Group B: Admira protect (Voco: Cuxhaven Germany), and Group C: Sterile water (Placebo control). Baseline sensitivity was recorded by the operator using tactile and evaporative stimuli. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record the degree of sensitivity perceived by the patients. All the groups received applications of allotted materials on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. After each applications VAS scoring was recorded. On day 30 and 60, only pain evaluation was done to determine the durability of each test materials. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc test was done for multiple comparison. RESULTS: All the groups showed significant results in reducing DH. Among Groups A and B, Group B showed immediate postoperative result at the end of the 1st week. CONCLUSION: Both the test materials were effective in reducing DH but Admira protect was found to be more efficient in reducing pain with longer duration of action (CTRI regd no: CTRI/2017/12/010755).

Combined use of frontal sinus and nasal septum patterns as an aid in forensics: a digital radiographic study.

BACKGROUND: Skull radiographic examination is a potentially useful procedure for the personal identification in cases where fragments of skull persist with no likelihood of identification based on dental arch. AIMS: The study was to determine the uniqueness and reliability of combined frontal sinus (FS) and nasal septum (NS) patterns as observed on posterioanterior (PA) cephalograms for personal identification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The randomly selected 149 digital PA cephalograms taken on Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric system were evaluated for patterns of FS and NS. Also the distribution of lobulations, area, and ratio of height/width of FS was calculated. The data obtained was statistical analyzed using Pearson's coefficient correlation. RESULTS: FS symmetry was observed in 78.5% and asymmetry in 7.3% subjects. Bilateral aplasia was noticed in 5.3% and unilateral aplasia in 8.7% of subjects. The total lobulation of FS was noted more in males on both sides while center lobes were observed slightly more in females. The straight NS was maximally seen followed by reverse sigmoid. The mean ratio of width/height of FS was observed more in males and highly significant correlation was observed with both sexes. The mean area of FS was noted more in males. There was significant correlation found between patterns of NS and FS except in right dominated asymmetrical FS. CONCLUSION: The combined use of FS and NS patterns could be used as method for identification by exclusion in forensics.

Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need's ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study.

PURPOSE: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. RESULTS: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.