Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing moral disengagement scale.

Moral disengagement is a set of cognitive mechanisms through which a person violates his/her moral standards without losing his/her dignity. Therefore, a tool has been designed to measure moral disengagement in nurses. This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the Nursing Moral Disengagement scale. In this methodological study, 440 nurses working in hospitals of Mashhad were selected by the availability sampling method. The translation was carried out using the forward-backward method. The final version of the tool was psychometrically tested for validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (internal consistency and relative stability). Four factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis, and since the factor loadings of all the tool items were higher than 0.3, they were all retained. The tool's general fit indices indicated the model's confirmation and optimal fit. Cronbach's alpha and relative stability coefficients for the whole questionnaire were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. The study results showed that this tool has good validity and reliability and can therefore measure behaviors related to moral disengagement in nurses, so that appropriate interventions can be designed to reduce these harmful behaviors.

The concept of hospitalization of children from the view point of parents and children.

OBJECTIVE: Disease and hospitalization can be the first crisis that a child encounters. The aim of this study is to reveal a clear picture of the meaning of hospitalization in children, to show the experience and behavior of hospitalized children and to discover the meaning and understanding of hospitalization in them. METHODS: This study is a phenomenology study of qualitative research within the framework of Husserl Eidetic phenomenology through comprehensive interviewing. The objective group consisted of children 7-11 years old - and their parents - hospitalized in the children's ward of 22 Bahman Hospital and the surgery ward of 15 Khordad Hospital during the study (2008). Method of selection of participants was as follows: having experience of hospitalization, having ability to answer the questions, and being volunteered. Sample size was detected by data saturation. In the method of sampling, an object group of 20 (12 children and 8 parents) were chosen and interviewed. The Seven Colaizzi Stages were used for analysis of data. FINDINGS: The analysis of the interviews and the written narrations of the participants led to the extraction of 6 inner themes consisting of sickness, environment, reciprocal relationship, parents' personal problems, mental and emotional matters and a spiritual dimension; all of which define a specific aspect of the experience of hospital in children and parents. CONCLUSION: The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world. Nurses can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings. This matter can enable the nurses to utilize methods of helping in the adaptation of individuals and thus guide the unique powers present in every individual to ease and quicken recovery.