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1.
Brain Sci ; 12(5)2022 Apr 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35624952

RESUMO

To perceive, identify and understand the action of others, it is essential to perceptually organize individual and local moving body parts (such as limbs) into the whole configuration of a human body in action. Configural processing-processing the relations among features or parts of a stimulus-is a fundamental ability in the perception of several important social stimuli, such as faces or biological motion. Despite this, we know very little about how human infants develop the ability to perceive and prefer configural relations in biological motion. We present two preferential looking experiments (one cross-sectional and one longitudinal) measuring infants' preferential attention between a coherent motion configuration of a person walking vs. a scrambled point-light walker (i.e., a stimulus in which all configural relations were removed, thus, in which the perception of a person is impossible). We found that three-month-old infants prefer a coherent point-light walker in relation to a scrambled display, but both five- and seven-month-old infants do not show any preference. We discuss our findings in terms of the different perceptual, attentional, motor, and brain processes available at each age group, and how they dynamically interact with selective attention toward the coherent and socially relevant motion of a person walking during our first year of life.

2.
Hum Mov Sci ; 56(Pt B): 71-87, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29107820

RESUMO

When people walk side-by-side, they often synchronize their steps. To achieve this, individuals might cross-modally match audiovisual signals from the movements of the partner and kinesthetic, cutaneous, visual and auditory signals from their own movements. Because signals from different sensory systems are processed with noise and asynchronously, the challenge of the CNS is to derive the best estimate based on this conflicting information. This is currently thought to be done by a mechanism operating as a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). The present work investigated whether audiovisual signals from the partner are integrated according to MLE in order to synchronize steps during walking. Three experiments were conducted in which the sensory cues from a walking partner were virtually simulated. In Experiment 1 seven participants were instructed to synchronize with human-sized Point Light Walkers and/or footstep sounds. Results revealed highest synchronization performance with auditory and audiovisual cues. This was quantified by the time to achieve synchronization and by synchronization variability. However, this auditory dominance effect might have been due to artifacts of the setup. Therefore, in Experiment 2 human-sized virtual mannequins were implemented. Also, audiovisual stimuli were rendered in real-time and thus were synchronous and co-localized. All four participants synchronized best with audiovisual cues. For three of the four participants results point toward their optimal integration consistent with the MLE model. Experiment 3 yielded performance decrements for all three participants when the cues were incongruent. Overall, these findings suggest that individuals might optimally integrate audiovisual cues to synchronize steps during side-by-side walking.


Assuntos
Percepção Auditiva/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica , Adulto , Artefatos , Sinais (Psicologia) , Feminino , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Manequins , Estimulação Luminosa
4.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 27(2): 267-72, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21072481

RESUMO

Road traffic accidents are a public health problem in Peru, having caused 35 596 deaths in Peru between 1998 and 2008. Lima is the most affected region, presenting 61.7% of the accidents, the annual cost reached one thousand million dollars, equivalent to a third part of the investment in health. Available studies give emphasis to the protagonists--the drivers, the pedestrians--or to equipment and roads; the laws have been modified and containment plans for accidents have been implemented, but the incidence remains the same. We raise the possibility of exploring behavioral and social factors that could be relevant in the genesis of the problem, revising those related to current disorder in transport, the behaviors of drivers and pedestrians and the permissiveness of society in general particularly of the authority. We propose research and a multidisciplinary and intersectoral intervention.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/psicologia , Comportamento Social , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Peru
5.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 27(2): 267-272, abr.-jun. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-565463

RESUMO

Los accidentes de tránsito son un problema de salud pública en el Perú, que entre 1998 y 2008 causaron 35.596 muertes, Lima es la región más afectada con 61,7% de los siniestros, su costo anual alcanzó los mil millones de dólares, equivalente a un tercio de la inversión en salud. Los estudios disponibles enfatizan en los protagonistas "conductores, peatones" o en equipos y vías; se han modificado normas e implementado planes de contención de la siniestralidad pero su incidencia persiste. Se plantea la posibilidad de explorar factores conductuales y sociales que podrían tener importancia en la génesis del problema revisando los relacionados con el desorden imperante en el transporte, los comportamientos de conductores y peatones y la permisividad de la sociedad en general, particularmente de la autoridad. Se propone la investigación e intervención multidisciplinaria e intersectorial.


Road traffic accidents are a public health problem in Peru, having caused 35.596 deaths in Peru between 1998 and 2008. Lima is the most affected region, presenting 61.7% of the accidents, the annual cost reached one thousand million dollars, equivalent to a third part of the investment in health. Available studies give emphasis to the protagonists ûthe drivers, the pedestriansû or to equipment and roads; the laws have been modified and containment plans for accidents have been implemented, but the incidence remains the same. We raise the possibility of exploring behavioral and social factors that could be relevant in the genesis of the problem, revising those related to current disorder in transport, the behaviors of drivers and pedestrians and the permissiveness of society in general particularly of the authority. We propose research and a multidisciplinary and intersectoral intervention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Acidentes de Trânsito , Comportamento Social , Saúde Pública , Violência , Peru
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 25(2): 237-242, abr.-jun. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-563944

RESUMO

El Perú es un país donde han ocurrido y seguirán ocurriendo desastres naturales, el último terremoto sucedido en Pisco demuestra que el afrontar los desastres continúa como un gran desafío para nuestro sistema de salud. En este artículo se revisan los avances, desafíosy recomendaciones para aprovechar las oportunidades y mejorar la gestión del riesgo.


Peru is a country where they have occurred and continue occurring natural disasters, the last earthquake occurred in Pisco shows that the disaster continues to face a great challenge for our health system. These article reviews the progress, challenges and recommendations for seizing opportunities and improve risk management.


Assuntos
Desastres , Planejamento em Desastres , Peru
8.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 25(1): 101-108, ene.-mar. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-564670

RESUMO

El Perú ha sido repetidamente afectado por diferentes desastres que han generado extensas pérdidas vitales y materiales que interfieren con el proceso de desarrollo, donde la población pobre es la más vulnerable a estos eventos. La naturaleza puede ser la causa de muchos desastres en forma de terremotos, maremotos, erupciones volcánicas, deslizamientos, aludes, El Niño, desbordes de ríos, sequías, etc. También pueden ser provocados por el hombre en forma accidental (incendios, accidentes químicos, nucleares o de medios de transporte masivo) o ser intencionales (terrorismo, guerras, y otras formas de violencia).


Peru has repeatedly been hit by various disasters that have generated losses of life and extensive material that interfere with the development process, where the poor are the most vulnerable to these events. Nature can be the cause of many disasters as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, avalanches, El Niño phenomenon, flooding rivers, droughts, etc. They can also be caused by man into accidentally (fires, chemical accidents, nuclear or mass transportation) or intentional (terrorism, wars and other forms of violence).


Assuntos
Humanos , Desastres , Peru
9.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 25(1): 133-137, ene.-mar. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-564674

RESUMO

Los accidentes de tránsito son un problema de salud pública mundial. En el Perú entre los años 2000 y 2006 han muerto 18.879 personas, tres de cada cuatro fueron varones, y 16,7% menores de edad. En este artículo se revisan los factores asociados a la letalidad y las medidas para reducirla, las estadísticas nacionales y lo que se viene realizando para afrontar esta problemática.


The traffic accidents are a world wide public health problem. In Peru between 2000 and 2006 have killed 18.879 personas, three of every four were male and 16.7% are under 18 years. This article reviews the associate factors with lethality and measures to reduce it, the national statistics and what has been done to address this problem.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Cintos de Segurança , Meios de Transporte , Peru
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