Breast Cancer in Togolese Women: Imaging and Clinicopathological Findings.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its incidence and mortality rates are expected to increase significantly over the next few years, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histopathological, and prognostic aspects of breast cancer in Togo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed at our Department of Pathology of Lomé all cases of breast cancer in women confirmed by histology over a period of 20 years (2000-2019). RESULTS: We collected 804 cases of breast cancer in women. The median age was 46.7 years (range, 12-86 years). Patients aged <40 years represented 48.38% of cases, and the left breast was more affected (51.24%). Most women were sexually active (71.52%) and resided in urban areas (66.29%). Carcinomas represented the predominant histological group (796 cases, 99.00%) with a predominance of invasive nonspecific type carcinoma (92.34%). These cancers were diagnosed at late stage III using Nottingham grading (55.10%). The TNM classification showed a predominance of grades T2NxMx (72.45%) and T4N1Mx (17.76%). The luminal B profile (40.85%) was found mostly, and the mutation of BRCA2 and BRCA1 genes was found in 2.61% of cases. Mastectomy was performed in 7.59%, radiotherapy in 3.61%, and chemotherapy in 18.66%. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer is a frequent pathology in Togolese women, predominant in young adults, often diagnosed at a late stage with limited possibilities of treatment. The establishment of early care programs is essential.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium associated with human papilloma virus in a young woman: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is an extremely rare tumor with poorly understood pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 28-year-old Togolese woman who had consulted for vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. Ultrasound showed thickening of the lining of the endometrium, and biopsy curettage was done. Anatomopathological examination was noteworthy for a proliferation of squamous cells often connected by union bridges arranged in tumor lobules with dyskeratotic maturation. Immunohistochemistry showed epithelial membrane antigen positivity, anti-pancytokeratin 1 markers of tumor cells positivity, chromogranin A negativity, actin negativity, S100 negativity, estrogen receptor negativity, and progesterone receptor negativity. In situ hybridization had objectified human papillomavirus genotypes 16/18. The diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium associated with human papilloma virus was retained. A hysterectomy was performed, and the tumor was classified pT1N0M0. CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of this endometrial cancer is complex, and its association with human papillomavirus does not explain its genesis.

Association of Schistosomiasis with Cervical Cancer in Togo: the Consequence of this Association.

Objective of the study was to determine the association of cervical cancer association and schistosomiasis infection. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of cases of cervical cancer and identified cases associated with schistosomiasis. A total of 1027 cases of cervical cancer were collected, and 19 cases revealed an association with schistosomiasis. This association was mainly related to squamous carcinoma with 18/19 cases. All patients were from rural areas. Of the 19 cases of association, 17 cases showed signs of HPV infection. Our data show a high degree of HPV infection that causes cervical cancer and not schistosomiasis.

Primary Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma in a 13-Year-Old Girl: Ultrasonography and Pathology Findings.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast is a rare disease and has been scarcely reported by African authors. The authors report a case of breast NEC in a 13-year-old African girl initially diagnosed as an atypical adenofibroma by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided biopsy and conventional histological examination indicated two potential diagnoses: primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. According to immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin blocks in France, infiltrating ductal carcinoma with a strong neuroendocrine component was confirmed by CD56, CD57, and chromogranin A markers.

Primary ovarian angiosarcoma in a 12- year -old girl: a case report of an exceptional localization in a context of limited resources country.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian sarcomas represent less than 1% of all ovary cancers and usually are frequent in adults. Primary angiosarcomas are exceptional in the ovaries within children. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a case of primary ovarian angiosarcoma in a 12-year-old girl in a resource-constrained context. Immunohistochemistry study showed the positivity of CD34, CD31, factor VIII, while S100 was negative. The diagnosis of primary non-metastatic angiosarcoma was retained. She was unable to undergo the CWS-2002P chemotherapy since her parents could not afford it. CONCLUSION: This case report described a rare type of a primary ovarian angiosarcoma within a child, diagnosed in a low-income country in a laboratory with limited resources.