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1.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(874): 962-967, 2024 May 15.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38756032

RESUMO

The management of localized rectal cancer has evolved significantly over the last two years. On one hand, intensification of treatments (radio-chemotherapy, chemotherapy, then surgery) for the most advanced tumors has shown an improvement in clinical results compared to less intense regiments. On the other hand, the possibility, as for prostate cancers, of opting for active surveillance without surgery in patients presenting a complete clinical response after a treatment phase, is now accepted. More recently, the Swiss recommendations for the surveillance of rectal cancer have been modified and now differ from those of colon cancers, by incorporating pelvic MRI and rectoscopy in addition, as well as special guidelines for tumors under active surveillance.


La prise en charge du cancer du rectum localisé a beaucoup évolué ces deux dernières années. D'un côté, l'intensification des traitements (radio-chimiothérapie, chimiothérapie, puis chirurgie) pour les tumeurs les plus avancées a montré une amélioration des résultats cliniques par rapport aux traitements moins intenses. De l'autre côté, la possibilité, comme pour les cancers de la prostate, d'opter pour une surveillance active sans chirurgie chez les patients présentant une réponse clinique complète après une phase de traitement est aujourd'hui acceptée. Plus récemment, les recommandations suisses pour la surveillance du cancer du rectum ont été modifiées et se différencient maintenant de celles des cancers du côlon, en incorporant IRM pelvienne et rectoscopie en sus, de même qu'un suivi spécial pour les tumeurs en surveillance active.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Conduta Expectante , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
2.
Cureus ; 16(5): e59919, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38721476

RESUMO

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Gastric metastasis from invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast is unusual. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman, under follow-up for an invasive classic lobular carcinoma of the left breast treated four years prior, who was admitted for upper abdominal discomfort and worsening constipation. Linitis plastica was suspected at gastroscopy. Histology of gastric biopsies showed a poorly cohesive carcinoma comprising signet ring cells, with no resemblance to the original breast cancer. An adequate immunochemistry panel, including estrogen receptor and GATA-3, eliminated primary gastric cancer and proved that the gastric lesion was a metastasis of the previously diagnosed invasive lobular breast cancer with additional signet ring cell differentiation, which is classified among its rare variants. This challenging case shows the importance of oncologic medical history and immunochemistry in differentiating between metastasis from invasive lobular breast carcinoma and primary gastric cancer. The distinction is necessary as the prognosis and approaches for treatment are different. When encountering a gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, one must keep in mind that it actually can be a metastasis from one of the several primary sites of origin.

3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 19(843): 1743-1747, 2023 Sep 27.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37753912

RESUMO

Chronic abdominal pain is continuous or intermittent pain that has been present for at least three months. As its clinical presentation and etiologies are numerous, recommendations to facilitate its management are difficult to establish. Unlike acute abdominal pain, which accounts for 5 to 10 % of emergency consultations, the prevalence of its chronic form is unknown. Its differential diagnoses are therefore important to know in order to direct initial management before referring to a specialist. The updated red flags were inspired by two journal articles dated 2021. It should now be considered that digestive neoplasia can be suspected before the age of 50, and that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome has decreased following a change in diagnostic criteria.


La douleur abdominale chronique est une douleur continue ou intermittente évoluant depuis au moins trois mois. Sa présentation clinique et ses étiologies étant nombreuses, des recommandations pour faciliter sa prise en charge sont difficiles à établir. Contrairement à la douleur abdominale aiguë, qui représente 5 à 10 % des consultations urgentes, la prévalence de sa forme chronique est inconnue. Ses diagnostics différentiels sont par conséquent importants à connaître afin de diriger la prise en charge initiale avant de référer à un-e spécialiste. La mise à jour des drapeaux rouges a été inspirée par deux articles de revue datés de 2021. Il faut désormais considérer qu'une néoplasie digestive peut être suspectée avant 50 ans et que la prévalence du syndrome de l'intestin irritable a diminué suite au changement des critères diagnostiques.


Assuntos
Dor Crônica , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/epidemiologia , Dor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Dor Crônica/diagnóstico , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/etiologia
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 19(839): 1543-1547, 2023 Aug 30.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37650591

RESUMO

Preneoplastic lesions of the esophagus and stomach are cellular abnormalities that have the potential to develop into cancer over time. They are detected during endoscopy and can be classified according to their specific cellular characteristics. Their treatment depends on the severity of the lesion and the individual factors of each patient. Treatment options may include regular endoscopic monitoring, treatment to reduce the risk of progression to cancer (anti-reflux therapy, antibiotics for H. pylori eradication), or endoscopic removal of the lesion. It is important to discuss any concerns about these lesions with a gastroenterologist and to follow recommendations for proper screening and treatment.


Les lésions prénéoplasiques de l'œsophage et de l'estomac sont des anomalies cellulaires ayant le potentiel de se développer en cancer au fil du temps. Elles sont détectées lors d'une endoscopie et peuvent être classées en fonction de leurs caractéristiques cellulaires spécifiques. Leur traitement dépend de la gravité de la lésion et des facteurs individuels de chaque patient. Les options de traitement peuvent inclure la surveillance endoscopique régulière, la prise de traitement permettant de réduire le risque de progression vers le cancer (traitement antireflux, antibiotique pour l'éradication de H. pylori) ou l'ablation endoscopique de la lésion afin de prévenir sa progression vers un cancer. Il est important de discuter avec un gastroentérologue de toute préoccupation concernant ces lésions et de suivre les recommandations de dépistage et de traitement appropriées.


Assuntos
Helicobacter pylori , Trato Gastrointestinal Superior , Humanos , Antibacterianos
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 19(827): 938-943, 2023 May 17.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37195106

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer represents 4500 incidental cases in Switzerland per year, with an incidence increasing among the youngest patients. Technological innovation guides the management of colorectal cancer. Artificial intelligence in endoscopy optimizes the detection of small colonic lesions. Submucosal dissection allows treating extensive lesions at an early stage of the disease. The improvement of surgical techniques, notably robotic surgery, allows limiting complications and optimizing organ preservation. Molecular tools are leading to the development of promising targeted therapies for localized or advanced disease. The development of reference centers tends to bring together this expertise.


Le cancer colorectal représente 4500 nouveaux cas par an en Suisse. Son incidence chez les sujets de plus de 50 ans semble se stabiliser, mais chez les plus jeunes elle est en augmentation. La révolution technologique guide sa prise en charge. L'intelligence artificielle en endoscopie optimise la détection de petites lésions coliques. La dissection sous-muqueuse permet de traiter des lésions parfois étendues à un stade précoce de la maladie. L'amélioration des techniques chirurgicales, notamment par robot, vise à limiter les complications et à optimiser la conservation d'organes. Les outils moléculaires aboutissent au développement de thérapies ciblées prometteuses pour les maladies localisées ou celles avancées. Le développement des centres de référence tend à rassembler cette expertise.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Invenções , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Suíça
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36351757

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Despite international guidelines recommendations to use mortality as a quality criterion for gastrointestinal (GI) procedures, recent studies reporting these data are lacking. Our objective was to report death causes and rate following GI endoscopies in a tertiary university hospital. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed all GI procedures made between January 2017 and December 2019 in our tertiary hospital in Switzerland. Data from patients who died within 30 days of the procedure were recorded. RESULTS: Of 18 233 procedures, 251 patients died within 30 days following 345 (1.89%) procedures (244/9180 gastroscopies, 53/5826 colonoscopies, 23/2119 endoscopic ultrasound, 19/911 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 6/197 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies). Median age was 70 years (IQR 61-79) and 173/251 (68.92%) were male. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5 (IQR 3-7), and 305/345 procedures (88.4%) were undertaken on patients with an ASA score ≥3. Most frequent indications were suspected GI bleeding (162/345; 46.96%) and suspected cancer or tumourous staging (50/345; 14.49%). Major causes of death were oncological progression (72/251; 28.68%), cardiopulmonary failure or cardiac arrest of unkown origin (62/251; 24,7%) and liver failure (20/251; 7.96%). No deaths were caused by complications such as perforation or bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Progression of malignancies unrelated to the procedure was the leading cause of short-term death following a GI procedure. After improvements in periprocedural care in the last decades, we should focus on patient selection in this era of new oncological and intensive care therapies. Death rate as a quality criterion is subject to caution as it depends on indication, setting and risk benefit ratio.


Assuntos
Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efeitos adversos
7.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(793): 1594-1598, 2022 08 31.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36047550

RESUMO

Pancreatic cysts (PC) are common and often discovered incidentally. The distinction between PC is essential, because of the potential malignancy of some lesions requiring surgical resection. The clinical orientation will depend on the clinical history and the radiological characteristics. Indeed, in front of all PCs, it is essential to characterize them using cross-sectional imaging (MRI) in order to highlight the worrisome features requiring further examinations by endoscopic ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration of the cysts to guide the diagnosis. Referral to an expert center will allow to propose to each patient an adequate approach: surgical resection, surveillance according to the recommendations or therapeutic abstention.


Les lésions kystiques du pancréas (LKP) sont fréquentes et souvent découvertes de manière fortuite. La distinction entre les différentes LKP est primordiale, en raison du potentiel dégénératif de certaines lésions. L'orientation clinique dépendra des antécédents personnels, du profil clinique et des caractéristiques radiologiques. Devant tout kyste du pancréas, il est primordial de caractériser les LKP à l'aide d'une imagerie en coupe (IRM) afin de mettre en évidence les signes péjoratifs nécessitant un complément d'examen par écho-endoscopie digestive (EED) avec ponction du liquide intrakystique afin de guider le diagnostic. L'orientation vers un centre expert permettra de proposer une attitude adaptée à la lésion et au patient : résection chirurgicale, surveillance selon les recommandations ou abstention thérapeutique.


Assuntos
Cisto Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Endossonografia , Humanos , Pâncreas/patologia , Cisto Pancreático/diagnóstico , Cisto Pancreático/patologia , Cisto Pancreático/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia
8.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(797): 1784-1787, 2022 Sep 28.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36170129

RESUMO

Dyspepsia is defined as epigastric pain that lasts at least one month and may be associated with a range of other upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Approximately 2/3 of outpatients with dyspepsia have a functional dyspepsia. The clinical assessment of dyspepsia is based on age of patients as well and the search for severity criteria. The endoscopy in cases of new-onset dyspepsia is recommended from an age of 55-60 and the presence of at least 1 severity criteria. A non-invasive test for Helicobacter pylori (HP) should be performed in all patients and followed by HP eradication when HP test is positive. The first-choice treatment of functional dyspepsia is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) at maximal dose for 8 weeks. A therapeutic trial with a prokinetic or a central neuromodulator are alternatives to consider in case of failure of PPI treatment.


La dyspepsie est définie comme une douleur épigastrique qui dure au moins 1 mois et qui peut être associée à une gamme d'autres symptômes gastro-intestinaux supérieurs. Environ deux tiers des consultations ambulatoires pour dyspepsie sont d'origine fonctionnelle. L'évaluation clinique est basée sur l'âge du patient et la recherche de critère de gravité. Une endoscopie d'emblée en cas de dyspepsie nouvelle est indiquée dès 55 à 60 ans ou en présence de critères de gravité. Un test non invasif pour Helicobacter pylori (HP) est indiqué chez tous les patients en vue d'une éradication si le test HP est positif. Pour la dyspepsie fonctionnelle, un inhibiteur de la pompe à protons (IPP) durant 8 semaines est le traitement de choix. En cas d'échec, un essai thérapeutique avec un procinétique ou un neuromodulateur central sont des alternatives à considérer.


Assuntos
Dispepsia , Gastrite , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/etiologia , Dispepsia/terapia , Gastrite/diagnóstico , Gastrite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico
9.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(764-5): 31-34, 2022 Jan 19.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35048576

RESUMO

Among the recent advances in gastroenterology, colonoscopy with artificial intelligence is associated with a better quality of screening. In refractory UC, Ozanimod seems to be an interesting salvage treatment, which still needs to be validated by Swissmedic. Among the direct-acting anticoagulants, Rivaroxaban is more frequently associated with GI bleeding. The classification of oesophageal motor disorders has been recently revised, the Chicago v4.0 classification should be applied in diagnostic management. The use of Semaglutide seems to show very promising results in the management of metabolic steatosis. SARS-CoV-2 infection can be complicated by biliary tract disease, which can progress to hepatocellular failure.


Parmi les récentes avancées en gastroentérologie, la coloscopie couplée à une intelligence artificielle est associée à un dépistage de meilleure qualité. Lors de rectocolite hémorragique réfractaire, l'ozanimod semble être un traitement de sauvetage intéressant, qui doit encore être validé par Swissmedic. Parmi les anticoagulants à action directe, le rivaroxaban est plus fréquemment associé aux hémorragies digestives. La classification des troubles moteurs de l'œsophage a fait l'objet d'une révision récente, la classification de Chicago v4.0 doit être appliquée dans la prise en charge diagnostique. L'utilisation du sémaglutide semble montrer des résultats très prometteurs dans la prise en charge de la stéatose métabolique. L'infection par le virus à SARS-CoV-2 peut se compliquer d'une atteinte des voies biliaires, pouvant évoluer jusqu'à l'insuffisance hépatocellulaire.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Gastroenterologia , Inteligência Artificial , Colonoscopia , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2
10.
Rev Med Suisse ; 17(748): 1466-1473, 2021 Sep 01.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34468098

RESUMO

Hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE), is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis. Autochtonous HCE cases are rare and the majority of cases are imported from endemic areas. It induces the development in the liver of Echinococcus granulosus larvae. Extrahepatic localizations are also possible. Cyst development is slow with an often-late diagnosis. In Switzerland, HCE discovery is usually fortuitous, during an abdominal radiological examination. More rarely, an acute clinical picture reveals a complication that can be severe or even fatal. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound findings that allows cyst characterization according to the WHO classification. This guides the therapeutic choice: simple monitoring, albendazole therapy, percutaneous procedures or surgery.


L'échinococcose kystique hépatique (EKH) est une zoonose parasitaire cosmopolite. Les cas d'EKH autochtones sont rares et la majorité est importée par des patients originaires de zones d'endémie. L'EKH est due au développement dans le foie de la larve d'Echinococcus granulosus. Des localisations extrahépatiques sont également possibles. Son évolution est lente avec un diagnostic fréquemment tardif. En Suisse, celui-ci est souvent fortuit, à l'occasion d'un examen radiologique abdominal. Plus rarement, un tableau clinique aigu et bruyant révèle une complication qui peut être sévère, voire mortelle. Le diagnostic basé sur l'échographie permet la caractérisation du kyste selon la classification de l'OMS. Celle-ci guide le choix thérapeutique: surveillance simple, traitement par albendazole, gestes percutanés ou chirurgie.


Assuntos
Equinococose , Echinococcus granulosus , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/terapia , Humanos , Fígado , Zoonoses
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