Pet-saúde gestão e assistência: transversalidade entre a formação em saúde e os cenários de prática / Pet-health management and care: transversality between health education and practice scenarios / Gestión y cuidado de la salud de las mascotas: transversalidad entre los escenarios de educación y práctica en salud

Objetivo: relatar experiências vivenciadas de um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde na Vigilância epidemiológica (VIEP), com foco nas ações de Educação em Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de caráter descritivo, das ações de educação em saúde de um grupo tutorial do PETSaúde. O cenário onde as atividades foram desenvolvidas foi na VIEP, localizada no município de Feira de Santana-Bahia, pelo grupo tutorial II da 10ª edição do PET-Saúde da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, durante os meses de setembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Resultados: As atividades de promoção à saúde consistiram na elaboração e aplicação de instrumentos lúdicos e participação ativa dos graduandos na comunidade, por meio de uma atuação interprofissional, nas áreas prioritárias do Sistema de informação sobre mortalidade e nascidos vivos; Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde; Sistema de informação de agravos de Notificação e Setor de referências técnicas. Conclusão: A implementação de atividades e ações educativas desempenham um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças. A troca de conhecimentos e experiências entre os profissionais envolvidos contribuiu para o fortalecimento das práticas de vigilância epidemiológica, impactando na saúde da população atendida.

Objective: to report experiences of a PET-Saúde in Epidemiological Surveillance (VIEP) tutorial group, focusing on Health Education actions. Method: This is a descriptive experience report of the health education actions of a PET-Saúde tutorial group. The scenario where the activities were developed was at VIEP, located in the municipality of Feira de Santana-Bahia, by the tutorial group II of the 10th edition of PET-Saúde at the State University of Feira de Santana, during the months of September 2022 to January 2023. Results: Health promotion activities consisted of the development and application of playful instruments and the active participation of undergraduates in the community, through interprofessional action, in the priority areas of the Information System on mortality and live births; Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance; Information System for Notification and Technical Reference Sector. Conclusion: The implementation of educational activities and actions play a fundamental role in health promotion and disease prevention. The exchange of knowledge and experiences among the professionals involved contributed to the strengthening of epidemiological surveillance practices, impacting the health of the population served.

Objetivo: relatar experiencias de un grupo tutorial PET-Saúde en Vigilancia Epidemiológica (VIEP), con foco en acciones de Educación en Salud. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia descriptivo de las acciones de educación en salud de un grupo tutorial del PET-Saúde. El escenario donde se desarrollaron las actividades fue en la VIEP, ubicada en el municipio de Feira de Santana-Bahia, por el grupo tutorial II de la 10ª edición del PET-Saúde de la Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana, durante los meses de septiembre de 2022 a enero de 2022. 2023. Resultados: Las actividades de promoción de la salud consistieron en el desarrollo y aplicación de instrumentos lúdicos y la participación activa de los estudiantes de la comunidad, a través de la acción interprofesional, en las áreas prioritarias del Sistema de Información sobre mortalidad y nacidos vivos; Centro de Información Estratégica de Vigilancia en Salud; Sistema de Información para el Sector de Notificación y Referencia Técnica. Conclusión: La implementación de actividades y acciones educativas juegan un papel fundamental en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades. El intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre los profesionales involucrados contribuyó al fortalecimiento de las prácticas de vigilancia epidemiológica, impactando en la salud de la población atendida

Fast and slow-twitching muscles are differentially affected by reduced cholinergic transmission in mice deficient for VAChT: A mouse model for congenital myasthenia.

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) result from reduced cholinergic transmission at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). While the etiology of CMS varies, the disease is characterized by muscle weakness. To date, it remains unknown if CMS causes long-term and irreversible changes to skeletal muscles. In this study, we examined skeletal muscles in a mouse line with reduced expression of Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT, mouse line herein called VAChT-KDHOM). We examined this mouse line for several reasons. First, VAChT plays a central function in loading acetylcholine (ACh) into synaptic vesicles and releasing it at NMJs, in addition to other cholinergic nerve endings. Second, loss of function mutations in VAChT causes myasthenia in humans. Importantly, VAChT-KDHOM present with reduced ACh and muscle weakness, resembling CMS. We evaluated the morphology, fiber type (myosin heavy chain isoforms), and expression of muscle-related genes in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles. This analysis revealed that while muscle fibers atrophy in the EDL, they hypertrophy in the soleus muscle of VAChT-KDHOM mice. Along with these cellular changes, skeletal muscles exhibit altered levels of markers for myogenesis (Pax-7, Myogenin, and MyoD), oxidative metabolism (PGC1-α and MTND1), and protein degradation (Atrogin1 and MuRF1) in VAChT-KDHOM mice. Importantly, we demonstrate that deleterious changes in skeletal muscles and motor deficits can be partially reversed following the administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine in VAChT-KDHOM mice. These findings reveal that fast and slow type muscles differentially respond to cholinergic deficits. Additionally, this study shows that the adverse effects of cholinergic transmission, as in the case of CMS, on fast and slow type skeletal muscles are reversible.

Estradiol effect on short-term object memory under hypocholinergic condition.

Estrogens positively affect object recognition memory (ORM). However, whether this effect rely on acetylcholine is unknown. Here we investigated if 17ß-estradiol (E2) would be able to recover ORM deficits in animals with decreased expression of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT KDHET). We found that E2 improved short-term ORM (STM) in VAChT KDHET male and in OVX female mutant mice. However, E2 did not recover long-term (LTM) ORM in both sexes. Next, we tested whether hippocampal ERs activation could also rescue STM in mutant mice. Our results showed that ERα seems to be both sufficient and necessary for STM consolidation in female VAChT KDHET. Differently, in male, both ERα and ERß activation recovered STM. In addition, we tested whether mRNA level of estrogen receptors (ER) is also sensitive to VAChT expression. Female mutant mice showed lower levels of ER alpha (ERα) mRNA in the hippocampus, while no differences in male were observed. Together, our results showed that under hypocholinergic function, E2 improve short-term object recognition in both male and female. Furthermore, we showed that changes in VAChT expression might potentially modulate hippocampal ERα expression in a sex-dependent-manner.

Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis modulates fear memory and extinction in mice.

Inappropriate defense-alerting reaction to fear is a common feature of neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, impairments in brain circuits, as well as in molecular pathways underlying the neurovegetative adjustments to fear may play an essential role on developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we tested the hypothesis that interfering with angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor axis homeostasis, which appears to be essential to arterial pressure control, would affect fear memory and extinction. Mas knockout (MasKO) mice, in FVB/N background, showed normal cued fear memory and extinction, but increased freezing in response to context. Next, as FVB/N has poor performance in contextual fear memory, we tested MasKO in mixed 129xC57BL/6 background. MasKO mice behaved similarly to wild-type (WT), but memory extinction was slower in contextual fear conditioning to a weak protocol (1CS/US). In addition, delayed extinction in MasKO mice was even more pronounced after a stronger protocol (3CS/US). We showed previously that Angiotensin II receptor AT1 antagonist, losantan, rescued object recognition memory deficit in MasKO mice. Here, losartan was also effective. Memory extinction was accelerated in MasKO mice after treatment with losartan. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis may modulate fear memory extinction. Furthermore, we suggest MasKO mice as an animal model to study post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Object recognition memory deficit and depressive-like behavior caused by chronic ovariectomy can be transitorialy recovered by the acute activation of hippocampal estrogen receptors.

It is well known that estradiol (E2) replacement therapy is effective on restoring memory deficits and mood disorders that may occur during natural menopause or after surgical ovarian removal (ovariectomy, OVX). However, it is still unknown the effectiveness of acute and localized E2 administration on the effects of chronic OVX. Here we tested the hypothesis that the intra-hippocampal E2 infusion, as well as specific agonists of estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha (ERα) and beta (ERß), are able to mend novel object recognition (NOR) memory deficit and depressive-like behavior caused by 12 weeks of OVX. We found that both ERα and ERß activation, at earlier stages of consolidation, recovered the NOR memory deficit caused by 12 w of OVX. Conversely, only the ERß activation was effective in decreasing the depressive-like behavior caused by 12 w of OVX. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of OVX on hippocampal volume and ERs expression. The structural MRI showed no alteration in the hippocampus volume of 12 w OVX animals. Interestingly, ERα expression in the hippocampus decreased after one week of OVX, but increased in 12 w OVX animals. Overall, we may conclude that the chronic estrogen deprivation, induced by 12 weeks of OVX, modulates the hippocampal ERα expression and induces NOR memory deficit and depressive-like behaviors. Nonetheless, it is noteworthy that the acute effects of E2 on NOR memory and depressive-like behavior are still apparent even after 12 weeks of OVX.

Estradiol enhances object recognition memory in Swiss female mice by activating hippocampal estrogen receptor α.

In rodents, 17ß-estradiol (E2) enhances hippocampal function and improves performance in several memory tasks. Regarding the object recognition paradigm, E2 commonly act as a cognitive enhancer. However, the types of estrogen receptor (ER) involved, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms are still under investigation. In the present study, we asked whether E2 enhances object recognition memory by activating ERα and/or ERß in the hippocampus of Swiss female mice. First, we showed that immediately post-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of E2 (0.2 mg/kg) allowed object recognition memory to persist 48 h in ovariectomized (OVX) Swiss female mice. This result indicates that Swiss female mice are sensitive to the promnesic effects of E2 and is in accordance with other studies, which used C57/BL6 female mice. To verify if the activation of hippocampal ERα or ERß would be sufficient to improve object memory, we used PPT and DPN, which are selective ERα and ERß agonists, respectively. We found that PPT, but not DPN, improved object memory in Swiss female mice. However, DPN was able to improve memory in C57/BL6 female mice, which is in accordance with other studies. Next, we tested if the E2 effect on improving object memory depends on ER activation in the hippocampus. Thus, we tested if the infusion of intra-hippocampal TPBM and PHTPP, selective antagonists of ERα and ERß, respectively, would block the memory enhancement effect of E2. Our results showed that TPBM, but not PHTPP, blunted the promnesic effect of E2, strongly suggesting that in Swiss female mice, the ERα and not the ERß is the receptor involved in the promnesic effect of E2. It was already demonstrated that E2, as well as PPT and DPN, increase the phospho-ERK2 level in the dorsal hippocampus of C57/BL6 mice. Here we observed that PPT increased phospho-ERK1, while DPN decreased phospho-ERK2 in the dorsal hippocampus of Swiss female mice subjected to the object recognition sample phase. Taken together, our results suggest that the type of receptor as well as the molecular mechanism used by E2 to improve object memory may differ in Swiss female mice.

A role for the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced spatial memory enhancement in mice.

It is well known that physical exercise has positive effects on cognitive functions and hippocampal plasticity. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained to be further investigated. Here we investigated the hypothesis that the memory-enhancement promoted by physical exercise relies on facilitation of the endocannabinoid system. We observed that the spatial memory tested in the object location paradigm did not persist in sedentary mice, but could be improved by 1 week of treadmill running. In addition, exercise up-regulated CB1 receptor and BDNF expression in the hippocampus. To verify if these changes required CB1 activation, we treated the mice with the selective antagonist, AM251, before each period of physical activity. In line with our hypothesis, this drug prevented the exercise-induced memory enhancement and BDNF expression. Furthermore, AM251 reduced CB1 expression. To test if facilitating the endocannabinoid system signaling would mimic the alterations observed after exercise, we treated sedentary animals during 1 week with the anandamide-hydrolysis inhibitor, URB597. Mice treated with this drug recognized the object in a new location and have increased levels of CB1 and BDNF expression in the hippocampus, showing that potentiating the endocanabinoid system equally benefits memory. In conclusion, the favorable effects of exercise upon spatial memory and BDNF expression depend on facilitation of CB1 receptor signaling, which can be mimic by inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis in sedentary animals. Our results suggest that, at least in part, the promnesic effect of the exercise is dependent of CB1 receptor activation and is mediated by BDNF.

Physiological quality of seeds of lowland rice submitted to organic acids / Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado submetidas a ácidos orgânicos

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six concentrations (zero; 0.017; 0.034; 0.068; 0.136 and 0.272 mol L-1) of acetic and propionic acids in the physiological quality of rice cv. BR IRGA 409 seeds. The following itens were evaluated: germination, first count of germination, emergency speed index, seedling emergence, electrical conductivity, length and dry biomass of shoot and root, total chlorophyll and leaf area. The increase in concentration of both acids decreased germination, first germination counting, emergence speed index of seedlings, and seedlings emergence. The electrical conductivity was significantly increased by increased concentrations of acids. The lengths of shoot and roots was affected in the highest concentrations (0.068 mol L-1). The dry biomass of shoot and root decreased from the concentration of 0.068 mol L-1. In general, the acetic acid has harmed the physiological quality of the rice seeds more than propionic acid.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito de seis concentrações (zero; 0,017; 0,034; 0,068; 0,136 e 0,272 mol L-1) dos ácidos acético e propiônico na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado da cv. BR IRGA 409. Foram avaliados: germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, emergência das plântulas, condutividade elétrica, comprimento e biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz, clorofila total e área foliar. O aumento da concentração de ambos os ácidos reduziu a germinação, a primeira contagem da germinação, o índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas e a emergência das plântulas. A condutividade elétrica aumentou significativamente com o aumento da concentração dos ácidos. O comprimento da parte aérea e das raízes foi afetado nas concentrações maiores (0,068 mol L-1). A biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz reduziu-se a partir da concentração de 0,068 mol L-1. De forma geral, o ácido acético prejudicou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes mais do que o ácido propiônico.

Physiological quality of seeds of lowland rice submitted to organic acids / Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado submetidas a ácidos orgânicos

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six concentrations (zero; 0.017; 0.034; 0.068; 0.136 and 0.272 mol L-1) of acetic and propionic acids in the physiological quality of rice cv. BR IRGA 409 seeds. The following itens were evaluated: germination, first count of germination, emergency speed index, seedling emergence, electrical conductivity, length and dry biomass of shoot and root, total chlorophyll and leaf area. The increase in concentration of both acids decreased germination, first germination counting, emergence speed index of seedlings, and seedlings emergence. The electrical conductivity was significantly increased by increased concentrations of acids. The lengths of shoot and roots was affected in the highest concentrations (0.068 mol L-1). The dry biomass of shoot and root decreased from the concentration of 0.068 mol L-1. In general, the acetic acid has harmed the physiological quality of the rice seeds more than propionic acid.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito de seis concentrações (zero; 0,017; 0,034; 0,068; 0,136 e 0,272 mol L-1) dos ácidos acético e propiônico na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado da cv. BR IRGA 409. Foram avaliados: germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, emergência das plântulas, condutividade elétrica, comprimento e biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz, clorofila total e área foliar. O aumento da concentração de ambos os ácidos reduziu a germinação, a primeira contagem da germinação, o índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas e a emergência das plântulas. A condutividade elétrica aumentou significativamente com o aumento da concentração dos ácidos. O comprimento da parte aérea e das raízes foi afetado nas concentrações maiores (0,068 mol L-1). A biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz reduziu-se a partir da concentração de 0,068 mol L-1. De forma geral, o ácido acético prejudicou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes mais do que o ácido propiônico.

Allelopathic activity of Nerium Oleander L. and Dieffenbachia picta schott in seeds of Lactuca sativa L. and Bidens pilosa L. / Atividade alelopática de Nerium Oleander L. e Dieffenbachia picta schott em sementes de Lactuca Sativa L. e Bidens pilosa L.

Aqueous extracts from green leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Dieffenbachia picta in concentrations of 0; 0,0625; 0,125 and 0,25 mg/mL were prepared with the objective of studying the allelopathic potential of these ornamental plant species on lettuce (test plant) and Bidens pilosa L seeds. The experiments were carried out in January of 2007, at the Genetic Laboratory of Santa Maria Federal University. The first count of germination (PCG), germination (G), germination speed index (IVG), root and shoot length, and fresh biomass (MF) were evaluated. Both species showed tendency to reduce the analyzed morphological variables from the concentration of 0,125 mg/mL. The seeds of Bidens pilosa L. were more sensible to aqueous extracts than lettuce seeds. The IVG showed the greatest reduction with the increase of extracts concentration. The MF of lettuce and Bidens pilosa L. plants were reduced from the concentration of 0,0625 mg/mL. Both extracts showed potential allelopathic activity.

Extratos aquosos de folhas verdes de Nerium oleander L. Dieffenbachia picta nas concentrações 0; 0,0625; 0,125 e 0,25 mg/mL foram preparados com o objetivo de determinar o potencial alelopático dessas espécies utilizadas como plantas ornamentais, sobre sementes de Lactuca sativa (planta-teste) e Bidens pilosa L. O experimento foi conduzido durante o mês de janeiro de 2007, no Laboratório de Genética da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foram avaliados a primeira contagem da germinação (PCG), germinação (G), o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), os comprimentos das raízes e da parte aérea e a biomassa fresca (MF). Ambas as espécies mostraram tendência a reduzirem os parâmetros morfológicos analisados a partir da concentração de 0,125 mg/mL, sendo que as sementes de Bidens pilosa L. foram mais sensíveis que às de alface. O IVG foi a variável que mostrou maior redução com o aumento da concentração dos extratos. A MF das plântulas de alface e Bidens pilosa L. foram reduzidas a partir da concentração de 0,0625 mg/mL. Ambos extratos mostraram atividade potencialmente alelopática.

Allelopathic activity of Nerium Oleander L. and Dieffenbachia picta schott in seeds of Lactuca sativa L. and Bidens pilosa L / Atividade alelopática de Nerium Oleander L. e Dieffenbachia picta schott em sementes de Lactuca Sativa L. e Bidens pilosa L

Aqueous extracts from green leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Dieffenbachia picta in concentrations of 0; 0,0625; 0,125 and 0,25 mg/mL were prepared with the objective of studying the allelopathic potential of these ornamental plant species on lettuce (test plant) and Bidens pilosa L seeds. The experiments were carried out in January of 2007, at the Genetic Laboratory of Santa Maria Federal University. The first count of germination (PCG), germination (G), germination speed index (IVG), root and shoot length, and fresh biomass (MF) were evaluated. Both species showed tendency to reduce the analyzed morphological variables from the concentration of 0,125 mg/mL. The seeds of Bidens pilosa L. were more sensible to aqueous extracts than lettuce seeds. The IVG showed the greatest reduction with the increase of extracts concentration. The MF of lettuce and Bidens pilosa L. plants were reduced from the concentration of 0,0625 mg/mL. Both extracts showed potential allelopathic activity.

Extratos aquosos de folhas verdes de Nerium oleander L. Dieffenbachia picta nas concentrações 0; 0,0625; 0,125 e 0,25 mg/mL foram preparados com o objetivo de determinar o potencial alelopático dessas espécies utilizadas como plantas ornamentais, sobre sementes de Lactuca sativa (planta-teste) e Bidens pilosa L. O experimento foi conduzido durante o mês de janeiro de 2007, no Laboratório de Genética da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foram avaliados a primeira contagem da germinação (PCG), germinação (G), o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), os comprimentos das raízes e da parte aérea e a biomassa fresca (MF). Ambas as espécies mostraram tendência a reduzirem os parâmetros morfológicos analisados a partir da concentração de 0,125 mg/mL, sendo que as sementes de Bidens pilosa L. foram mais sensíveis que às de alface. O IVG foi a variável que mostrou maior redução com o aumento da concentração dos extratos. A MF das plântulas de alface e Bidens pilosa L. foram reduzidas a partir da concentração de 0,0625 mg/mL. Ambos extratos mostraram atividade potencialmente alelopática.