[Renal arterial thrombosis and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a case report] / Trombose da artéria renal e síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide: um relato de caso.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an unusual case with clinical features of the antiphospholipid syndrome. DESCRIPTION: White child, two years and six months old, with renal failure, renal arterial thrombosis, and diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome was hospitalized with a history of abdominal pain, pallor, lethargy, and anuria for 36 hours. On physical examination, the patient showed malnutrition, high blood pressure, moderate edema, and hypochondrial pain. Laboratory findings included: urea=112mg/dl, serum creatinine= 4.5 mg/dl, blood pH= 7.47, blood bicarbonate= 12.8 mmol/L, K=7.2 mEq/L. Peritoneal dialysis was started and maintained for 11 days. After 7 weeks, the patient still needed anti-hypertensive drugs and the renal function was still abnormal. Renal biopsy was performed and revealed renal infarction. The result of Doppler ultrasonography revealed absent renal blood flow on the right side. Renal arteriography showed total occlusion of the right renal artery. Results for collagen diseases were negative. A right nephrectomy was performed and the blood pressure was controlled. The child was hospitalized again at 5 years and 8 months old with episodes of absence seizures and abdominal and precordial pain. Anticardiolipin antibody test was positive. The child is now 7 years old, asymptomatic, with negative anticardiolipin antibody, and has been under regular follow-up. COMMENTS: Children with arterial thrombosis should be investigated for a possible association with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome even in the absence of collagen disease.

[Medullary sponge kidney, nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in a child. Report of a case and follow-up]. / Rim esponja medular, litíase, hipercalciúria e hiperuricosúria em criança. Relato de um caso e evolução.

The medullary sponge kidney is rare in children and may present it self with hematuria and nephrolithiasis. We report a case of medullary sponge kidney in a child with nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and prolonged treatment which avoided the recurrence of nephrolithiasis.

Cyclophosphamide and inhibition of renal compensatory hypertrophy.

The objective of the present study was to determine whether cyclophosphamide inhibits nephrectomy-induced compensatory renal hypertrophy directly or indirectly owing to the reduced food intake caused by the drug. We measured kidney weight and renal water, protein, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) content and the renal RNA/DNA ratio in 72 rats distributed into groups as follows: left nephrectomized/cyclophosphamide-treated rats; left nephrectomized/saline treated rats; left nephrectomized rats submitted to food restriction and treated with saline; and left sham-nephrectomized rats treated with saline. An additional group of 12 rats was studied to obtain the initial values of the parameters. The parameters were also measured 1, 2 and 3 weeks after left nephrectomy or sham-operation. Cyclophosphamide was given once a week intraperitoneally at the dosage of 60 mg/kg body weight in saline. Corresponding volumes of saline were given to control animals. At the end of the 1st week all nephrectomized groups of rats showed some degree of renal compensatory growth. However, no significant differences in kidney weight, protein or RNA content were detected between controls, cyclophosphamide-treated rats, and animals submitted to food restriction at the end of the 2nd and 3rd week. We conclude that cyclophosphamide inhibits but does not abolish compensatory renal hypertrophy after uninephrectomy in the young rat and this inhibition is mediated primarily through the reduced food intake caused by the drug.

Resseccao transuretral (RTU) de prostata no cao estudo das repercussoes na funcao renal e no fluxo e composicao da linfa. / Transurethral resection of the prostate in the dog study of the repercussions on the renal function and on the flow and composition of the lymph

Com o objetivo de avaliar as repercussoes imediatas da RTU da prostata em funcao renal e no fluxo e composicao da linfa, empregaram-se o modelo de RTU no cao (Trindade e col., 1974) e o manitol a 5% como liquido de irrigacao. Para estudar separadamente as repercussoes dependentes exclusivamente da RTU nao complicada e aquelas decorrentes da perfuracao da capsula prostatica, com extravasamento do liquido de irrigacao, os animais foram distribuidos em 3 grupos experimentais: (1) controle, (2) ressecado e (3) perfurado. A RTU com e sem perfuracao causou elevacao do potassio da linfa, que foi atribuida a hiponatremia acentuada e ao trauma cirurgico provocado nesses animais. Nao foi possivel demonstrar repercussoes em parametros de funcao renal dependentes da RTU com ou sem perfuracao da capsula prostatica

Resseccao transuretral (RTU) da prostata no cao - estudo das repercussoes em parametros hemodinamicos e na composicao sanguinea. / Transurethral resection of the prostate of dogs: study of the repercussions on hemodynamic parameters and blood composition

Os autores estudando as repercussoes imediatas da RTU da prostata,empregando o modelo experimental de Trindade e col.(1976) e o manitol a 5% como liquido de irrigacao concluiram que: a) A RTU sem perfuracao nao provocou alteracoes importantes das variaveis estudadas, exceto pela queda de hemoglobina sanguinea. b) A RTU com perfuracao ocasionou elevacao transitoria da frequencia cardiaca e queda do sodio plasmatico que foi interpretada como secundaria a perda desse eletrolito nos locais de extravasamento. Houve tambem neste grupo elevacao do potassio plasmatico