The association between polymorphisms of the RAD51-G135C, XRCC2-Arg188His and XRCC3-Thr241Met genes and clinico-pathologic features in breast cancer in Poland.

BACKGROUND: XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes are structurally and functionally related to RAD51 which plays an important role in homologous recombination, the process frequently involved in cancer transformation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the RAD51 G135C polymorphism, XRCC2 Arg 188His and XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism in 790 cases of breast cancer were investigated. The control group consisted of 798 cancer-free blood donors (age +/- 5 years) who were sex and ethnicity-matched. The polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP methods. We also correlated genotypes with the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients. RESULTS: Our results obtained for the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene indicated that both the C/C genotype and the C allele are strongly associated with breast cancer. The Arg/His genotype of XRCC2 (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.48-3.16) and Thr/Met of XRCC3 increased the risk of type I breast cancer occurrence (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.60-3.41). We did not find any association with the RAD51, XRCC2/3 gene polymorphism and estrogen and progesterone receptor status. CONCLUSION: The results support the hypothesis that the polymorphism of RAD51 and XRCC2/3 gene may be associated with the incidence of sporadic breast cancer in Polish women.

[Nephropathy in the course of inflammatory connective tissue diseases]. / Nefropatia w przebiegu zapalnych chorób tkanki lacznej.

The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of renal complications and also evaluation of renal efficiency with regard to sex and age in children with inflammatory connective tissue diseases. The examination embraced 18 children out of 5657 hospitalised in 19991-1998 in Military University School of Medicine-Dpt of Pediatrics suffering from inflammatory connective tissue diseases, which constitutes 0.32%. They found the following number of isolated cases: 9 cases of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), 6 cases of rheumatic fever (RF), and 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There were 9 girls and 9 boys. The most frequent symptom of kidneys affection was erythrocyturia. Due to chronic course, reccurrence and the possibility of further complications, children with inflammatory connective tissue diseases, after discharging from hospital, should stay under the care of rheumatological outpatient clinic.

[Nephropathy in the course of Schönlein-Henoch purpura]. / Nefropatia w przebiegu plamicy Schönleina-Henocha.

The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of renal complications and also evaluation of renal efficiency with regard to sex and age in children with Schonlein-Henoch purpura. 31 children with Schonlein-Henoch disease out of 5004 hospitalised in 6 years time (1994-1999) in Mil. Medical University-Dpt of Pediatrics, underwent the examination, which is 0.62% of all patients. The group of analysed cases consisted of 19 girls (61.3%) and 12 boys (38.7%). 15 of them had changes in kidneys, which constitutes 48.4%. The average age of examined children was 9.1 years. In the most cases upper respiratory tract infections preceded symptoms of the Schonlein-Henoch purpura. The most often complications found in the course of the Schonlein-Henoch purpura were renal ones. The most numerous renal complications affected children between 7 and 9 years of age. Because of chronic and insidious course of the disease, children, after discharging from hospital should stay under specialistic medical care.

[Application of computer base standards to pediatrics practice]. / Wykorzystanie komputerowej bazy norm pediatrycznych w praktyce.

The computer base of medical standards to aid of pediatric diagnostic has been presented. The base include of anthropometric data (height and mass of body, some of circumferences, thickness of skinfolds etc.), analytical data (lipids) and also some of hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure). The programme allows graphical presentation of data as a percentile charts and also archives data. The basic of construction of computer base and examples of application has been presented.

[Urolithiasis in children: an analysis of clinical cases]. / Kamica ukladu moczowego u dzieci na podstawie analizy materialu klinicznego.

The authors on the basing on clinical observation of 116 children with urolithiasis, in aged between 3 and 17 years have concluded the following: among the patients of the pediatric ward urolithiasis amounts to 9% of patients. It has been concluded that to diagnose urolithiasis ultrasounds are necessary, but in treatment and prevention an assay of crystallization components is indispensable. In all cases of children with urolithiasis, besides an infection, one must look for coexisting defects in the urinary tract.

[Cyclic vomiting with ketosis as a cause of acute kidney dysfunction: own clinical experience]. / Wymioty cykliczne z ketonemia jako przyczyna ostrych zaburzen czynnosci nerek--obserwacje wlasne.

The aim of the study was to evaluate renal activity during cyclic vomiting with ketosis. The clinical material was obtained from 50 cases of children hospitalized in Department of Pediatrics Military Medical University within 1993-1999 what makes about 1% of all patients. The examined group consisted of 26 boys (52%) and 24 girls (48%). Three of the children were repeatedly hospitalized (3 to 8 times) because of acetonemic vomiting. The special attention during the laboratory studies was paid to evaluation of renal activity. Vomiting with ketosis were associated with temporary kidneys acute dysfunction in 46% of cases. In 98% of cases the parenteral hydration was necessary. Ketonemic vomiting with kidneys dysfunction was observed mainly with the children in pre-school age.

A computer aided venous occlusion plethysmography.

A computer aided set of equipment for impedance plethysmographic research has been presented. A simple linear model of blood circulation in a limb has been used. A comparative analysis of blood circulation parameters in lower extremities has been carried out manually as well as calculated automatically. Parameters such as the limb blood flow Qo, the tissue blood flow qo, maximum volume change (venous capacitance, VC), the venous outflow time constant Tv and the venous outflow index were automatically and traditionally calculated on the basis of curve lines recorded on thermal recorder. A high linear correlation has been observed between parameters calculated manually and with computer-aided techniques. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of the linear model of blood circulation in a limb for pressures occurring under the conditions of vein occlusion.

Epidemiology of risk factors of atherosclerosis and preventive program for youth.

In 2208 boys aged 15 to 22 years the incidence of risk factors of atherosclerosis were determined. The risk factors were found in 33.7% of boys. The level of risk factors in youth has increased with age (p = 0.001), especially hypertension (p = 0.001) and smoking (p = 0.001). The authors concluded that the most important methods of prevention of atherosclerosis in youth should be: identification of high-risk individuals (overweight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of CHD and PAD, ischemic postexercise ST segment depression), health education and motivation for change, modification nutritional habits in cases of hyperlipidemia and overweight (prevention of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood), early diagnosis and control of hypertension, practice of low salt intake, avoidance of smoking, sufficient physical activity (prevention of atherosclerotic disease mainly in adulthood).

[Methods of preventing atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease in vocational school students]. / Metody prewencji miazdzycy i choroby wiencowej u uczniów szkól zawodowych.

The authors suggest that identification of high-risk individuals, modification of nutritional habit, preventing the smoking habit, increased physical activity, low salt intake, and early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension should be the most important methods used for atherosclerosis and IHD prevention in youths.

[Early detection of diseases of the circulatory system in vocational school students with particular reference to the prevention of coronary disease and arterial hypertension]. / Wczesne wykrywanie chorób ukladu krazenia u mlodziezy szkól zawodowych ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem prewencji choroby wiencowej i nadcisnienia tetniczego.

A group of 201 boys of vocational schools living in an area of developing industry (Belchatów) and another area of developed industry (Lódz) were examined twice: at the age of 16-17 (I examination) and 14-18 months later (II examination). Incomplete right bundle-branch block and intraventricular conduction impairment have been demonstrated mainly in the resting ECG tracings (Table I). The risk factors of coronary heart disease were increasing with age, especially in boys of Belchatów area (Table II). Five boys with risk factors of coronary heart disease exhibited ischaemic type of postexertional ST segment changes (Table III).

[Health status of the students of elementary mining and power engineering schools with special reference to arteriosclerosis and coronary disease risk factors]. / Stan zdrowia uczniów zasadniczej szkoly górniczej i energetycznej ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem wystepowania czynników zagrozenia miazdzyca naczyn i choroba wiencowa.

The investigations were aimed at an evaluation of the health status of mining-and-power engineering school pupils from the viewpoint of classification to work at a strip mine and power station. Special attention was paid to the detection of possible causes of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease 811 boys aged 14--20 were examined. Their physical development was good. No pathologies in the respiratory tract were found. Hands force was normal. Of six analysed risk factors most frequent were: hypertension and smoking habit. The percentage of pupils affected was increasing with age: arterial hypertension (from 5.5% to 15.7%) and smoking habit (from 6.1% to 43.3%).