Thermoregulatory capacity of goat kids from birth to weaning in a dry hot climate.

This study aimed to evaluate the thermoregulatory capacity and performance of Saanen goat kids from birth to weaning in a hot climate. Twelve newborn males and female goat kids with an initial body weight of 4.17 ± 0.81 kg were used. Physiological responses, climatic variables, and biometric traits data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis techniques were used. Heart rate (HR) was high up to the 6th week of life, with a reduction from the 7th week on (P < 0.001). Rectal temperature (RT) was lower in the first 2 weeks (P < 0.001), with an increase and stabilization occurring in the 7th and 8th weeks. Coat surface temperature (ST) was more activated from the 5th week onwards (P < 0.001). Body weight (BW) and withers height (WH) were higher in later weeks of the calving phase with a linear effect (P < 0.001). The first principal component demonstrated the relationship of sensible heat dissipation × body area of the goat kids; the second component shows the relationship of meteorological data with RT, having a positive relationship between RT with RH and negative with AT, and the third component points to the association of RR and HR. Of the animals, 81.3% were correctly classified in their group of origin in discriminant canonical analysis, with emphasis on the classification of the kids in the 1st-2nd and 3rd-4th weeks (classification percentage Æ© = 95.8%). It is concluded that (i) newborn kids activate latent mechanisms to maintain their homoeothermic during the first 2 weeks of life, and as they grow, they use sensitive heat loss processes, especially from the 5th week of life onwards and (ii) male and female goats do not show sexual dimorphism effect on body performance and body morphometric measurements up to 60 days of life.

Quality of meat from Santa Ines sheep with different biotypes and slaughtering weights / Qualidade da carne de ovinos Santa Inês de diferentes biótipos e pesos de abate

The Santa Inês breed is of great importance for the lamb production chain in Brazil. The adaptive and reproductive characteristics of this breed favor its use in future breeding programs for the production of sheep for slaughter in northeastern Brazil. This study evaluated the carcass characteristics, physical parameters, chemical composition and determination of the fatty acid profile of the lambs of the traditional and modern biotypes, slaughtered at 32 kg and 34 kg. Thirty-six Santa Inês lambs were used, with an average age of 180 days and initial weight of 16 kg in a completely randomized design, with a faecal spruce 2x2 (two biotypes and two slaughtering weights). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages were compared by the test F α = 0.05 using SAS GLM, (2011) - Statistical Analysis System, version 9.3.Biotypes and slaughter weight did not influence the physical parameters and the fatty acid profile of the meat. Centesimal composition of meat was influenced by treatments, with the larger contents of meat moisture for the traditional biotype slaughtered at 32 kg, and higher content of ash, protein and fat present in the meat for the modern biotype slaughtered at 34 kg. Santa Inês animals that if frame Modern biotype presents potential for meat production with high nutritional value, due to higher protein content, low fat content and satisfactory amount of oleic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic fatty acids, as well as a great relationship between polyunsaturated acids and saturated.(AU)

A raça Santa Inês é de grande importância para a cadeia de produção de cordeiros no Brasil. As características adaptativas e reprodutivas desta raça favorecem seu uso em futuros programas de melhoramento genético para a produção de ovinos para abate, no nordeste do Brasil. Este estudo avaliou características de carcaça, parâmetros físicos, a composição química e determinação do perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros dos biótipos Tradicional e Moderno, abatidos com 32 kg e 34 kg. Foram utilizados 36 cordeiros Santa Inês, não-castrados, com idade média de 180 dias e peso inicial de 16 kg em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com arranjo fatorial 2x2 (dois biotipos e dois pesos de abate). As dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste F a α = 0,05 com o uso de GLM do SAS, (2011) - Statistical Analysis System, versão 9.3. Os biótipos e o peso de abate não influenciaram os parâmetros físicos e o perfil dos ácídos graxo da carne. Já a composição centesimal da carne foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, com os maiores teores de umidade na carne para o biótipo tradicional e abatidos aos 32 kg, e maior teor de cinza, proteína e gordura presente na carne para o biótipo moderno abatido aos 34 kg. Os animais da raça Santa Inês que se enquadram no biótipo Moderno apresentam potencial para produção de carne com alto valor nutricional, devido ao maior teor de proteínas, baixo teor de gordura e quantidade satisfatória de ácidos graxos oléico, palmítico, esteárico e linoleico, além de uma ótima relação entre ácidos poliinsaturados e saturados.(AU)

Quality of meat from Santa Ines sheep with different biotypes and slaughtering weights / Qualidade da carne de ovinos Santa Inês de diferentes biótipos e pesos de abate

The Santa Inês breed is of great importance for the lamb production chain in Brazil. The adaptive and reproductive characteristics of this breed favor its use in future breeding programs for the production of sheep for slaughter in northeastern Brazil. This study evaluated the carcass characteristics, physical parameters, chemical composition and determination of the fatty acid profile of the lambs of the traditional and modern biotypes, slaughtered at 32 kg and 34 kg. Thirty-six Santa Inês lambs were used, with an average age of 180 days and initial weight of 16 kg in a completely randomized design, with a faecal spruce 2x2 (two biotypes and two slaughtering weights). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages were compared by the test F α = 0.05 using SAS GLM, (2011) - Statistical Analysis System, version 9.3.Biotypes and slaughter weight did not influence the physical parameters and the fatty acid profile of the meat. Centesimal composition of meat was influenced by treatments, with the larger contents of meat moisture for the traditional biotype slaughtered at 32 kg, and higher content of ash, protein and fat present in the meat for the modern biotype slaughtered at 34 kg. Santa Inês animals that if frame Modern biotype presents potential for meat production with high nutritional value, due to higher protein content, low fat content and satisfactory amount of oleic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic fatty acids, as well as a great relationship between polyunsaturated acids and saturated.

A raça Santa Inês é de grande importância para a cadeia de produção de cordeiros no Brasil. As características adaptativas e reprodutivas desta raça favorecem seu uso em futuros programas de melhoramento genético para a produção de ovinos para abate, no nordeste do Brasil. Este estudo avaliou características de carcaça, parâmetros físicos, a composição química e determinação do perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros dos biótipos Tradicional e Moderno, abatidos com 32 kg e 34 kg. Foram utilizados 36 cordeiros Santa Inês, não-castrados, com idade média de 180 dias e peso inicial de 16 kg em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com arranjo fatorial 2x2 (dois biotipos e dois pesos de abate). As dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste F a α = 0,05 com o uso de GLM do SAS, (2011) - Statistical Analysis System, versão 9.3. Os biótipos e o peso de abate não influenciaram os parâmetros físicos e o perfil dos ácídos graxo da carne. Já a composição centesimal da carne foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, com os maiores teores de umidade na carne para o biótipo tradicional e abatidos aos 32 kg, e maior teor de cinza, proteína e gordura presente na carne para o biótipo moderno abatido aos 34 kg. Os animais da raça Santa Inês que se enquadram no biótipo Moderno apresentam potencial para produção de carne com alto valor nutricional, devido ao maior teor de proteínas, baixo teor de gordura e quantidade satisfatória de ácidos graxos oléico, palmítico, esteárico e linoleico, além de uma ótima relação entre ácidos poliinsaturados e saturados.

Fatty acid, chemical, and tissue composition of meat comparing Santa Inês breed sheep and Boer crossbreed goats submitted to different supplementation strategies.

To compare the fatty acid (FA) composition, and chemical and tissue composition of meat, 24 uncastrated males, 12 sheep of the Santa Inês breed, and 12 crossbred goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with the weight of 24.3 ± 2.38 kg. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, two small ruminant species/breed (Boer crossbreed goat × Santa Inês breed sheep), and two supplementation strategies (energy × protein energy). There was not an interaction between the small ruminant species and the supplementation on average daily gain, tissue composition, chemical composition, or FA profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle. Sheep presented greater weight and yield of fat in the subcutaneous, intermuscular, and total depots than goats, which results in better finishing of the sheep for slaughter. Goat meat presented a lower lipid concentration than sheep meat. The protein-energy supplementation increased oleic acid, ΣUFA, ΣMUFA, hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic index, and enzymatic activity Δ9-desaturase C18 and decreased SFA capric acid in the muscle when compared with energetic supplementation. In Caatinga biome conditions, Boer crossbreed goats meat has a lower concentration of lipids and a healthier FA composition compared with Santa Inês breed sheep because it has a lower SFA and greater PUFA content, which are sources of n-3 and n-6, which may contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol (LDL). In addition, protein-energy supplementation also improved the quality of animal fat compared with supplementation only with the energetic concentrate, regardless of species.

The effect of feed restriction on the fat profile of Santa Inês lamb meat

Consumers today are increasingly more demanding regarding their food, seeking healthier and better quality products, and in this context animal nutrition plays a key role. The meat composition can be altered by animal feed itself, being that lipid profile may directly contribute to consumer health, reducing the predisposition of developing cardiovascular diseases, main cause of mortality in the world. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary feed restriction in Santa Inês lambs on their intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous fat profile, fat profile of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, and the total meat lipids and cholesterol. Three groups of lambs were subjected to diets: without restriction (WR), and 30 and 60% feed restriction. Overall, stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the predominant and the lowest lipid and cholesterol levels were observed at the highest restriction level, presenting higher polyunsaturated:saturated (PUFA:SFA) and desirable (DFA) fatty acid ratios (p < 0.05). Lambs subjected to 60% dietary feed restriction had a better quality meat with lower lipid and cholesterol contents, and profile favorable for human health due the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, that is important parameter the market demands to meet the consumers expectations.(AU)

Meat quality of suckling goat raised in differents feeding systems

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three breeding systems on the organoleptic quality and the physico-chemical composition of kids goat meat. Were used thirty newborn baby goats of 3.35 kg ± 0.65 kg crossed Parda Alpina x Undefined Race (SPRD) submitted to three breeding systems: Traditional system-TS; Intensive Feeding System without Concentrate- IS and Intensive Feeding System with Concentrate- IS+C. When the goats reached 12 kg, the animals were slaughtered and chemical and physical analyzes were performed in the evaluation of the meat and sensorial. The experimental design was completely randomized, submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test and Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsh at 5%. All analyzed variables were also submitted to Pearson correlation. The meat of the goats submitted to IS+C and IS presented higher intramuscular fat content and better flavor and aroma scores. A of Goats that used concentrated ration (TS and IS+C) showed a more intense red color in the meat than the animals that did not receive concentrate in their diets, besides presenting higher lipid contents in their composition, better scores for these two organoleptic characteristics. The chemical composition of goat meat in both breeding systems indicates that it is low in fat and high in moisture and therefore classified as very tender and juicy. The meat obtained from the IS+C, in general, presented better attributes than the others, believing it in the markets of meat of high quality.

The effect of feed restriction on the fat profile of Santa Inês lamb meat

Consumers today are increasingly more demanding regarding their food, seeking healthier and better quality products, and in this context animal nutrition plays a key role. The meat composition can be altered by animal feed itself, being that lipid profile may directly contribute to consumer health, reducing the predisposition of developing cardiovascular diseases, main cause of mortality in the world. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary feed restriction in Santa Inês lambs on their intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous fat profile, fat profile of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, and the total meat lipids and cholesterol. Three groups of lambs were subjected to diets: without restriction (WR), and 30 and 60% feed restriction. Overall, stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the predominant and the lowest lipid and cholesterol levels were observed at the highest restriction level, presenting higher polyunsaturated:saturated (PUFA:SFA) and desirable (DFA) fatty acid ratios (p < 0.05). Lambs subjected to 60% dietary feed restriction had a better quality meat with lower lipid and cholesterol contents, and profile favorable for human health due the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, that is important parameter the market demands to meet the consumers’ expectations.

Meat quality of suckling goat raised in differents feeding systems

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three breeding systems on the organoleptic quality and the physico-chemical composition of kids goat meat. Were used thirty newborn baby goats of 3.35 kg ± 0.65 kg crossed Parda Alpina x Undefined Race (SPRD) submitted to three breeding systems: Traditional system-TS; Intensive Feeding System without Concentrate- IS and Intensive Feeding System with Concentrate- IS+C. When the goats reached 12 kg, the animals were slaughtered and chemical and physical analyzes were performed in the evaluation of the meat and sensorial. The experimental design was completely randomized, submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test and Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsh at 5%. All analyzed variables were also submitted to Pearson correlation. The meat of the goats submitted to IS+C and IS presented higher intramuscular fat content and better flavor and aroma scores. A of Goats that used concentrated ration (TS and IS+C) showed a more intense red color in the meat than the animals that did not receive concentrate in their diets, besides presenting higher lipid contents in their composition, better scores for these two organoleptic characteristics. The chemical composition of goat meat in both breeding systems indicates that it is low in fat and high in moisture and therefore classified as very tender and juicy. The meat obtained from the IS+C, in general, presented better attributes than the others, believing it in the markets of meat of high quality.(AU)

Meat quality of Morada Nova lambs subjected to different feeding regimes / Qualidade da carne de ovinos Morada Nova submetidos a diferentes manejos alimentares

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-calving feed restriction on quantitative characteristics and lipid profile of meat from Morada Nova sheep. Twenty-four male lambs from single births only, with an initial weight of 10.0 ± 3.07 kg and at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design, into three groups: pre-calving restriction (R-PRE; n=8) post-calving restriction (R-POS; n=8), and ad libitum feeding (ADLI; n=8). To make up the experimental treatments, the feeding regime applied previously on the sheep in the last third of pregnancy was considered. Treatments ADLI and R-POS were composed of lambs born from ewes fed ad libitum in the last third of pregnancy. Treatment R-PRE consisted of lambs born from ewes subjected to feed restriction in the last third of pregnancy at 60% of the recommended requirements for the group of ewes feeding ad libitum. For the lambs from treatments ADLI and R-PRE, the diet was supplied allowing 20% of the total supplied as refusals. For the animals from R-POS, a 30% restriction was imposed in relation to the animals feeding ad libitum. Animals were slaughtered with an average live weight of 25 kg. Afterwards, carcasses were chilled at 4 ºC for 24 h. Meat quality measurements were taken on the right side of each carcass; pH was determined immediately after slaughter and then again after chilling. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were collected and frozen at -20 ºC. Moisture, ash, protein, total lipids, water-holding capacity, and cooking loss were determined in the meat samples, which were then subjected to the shear-force test. The sensory analysis was determined by the hedonic-scale test, in which sensory parameters of tenderness, juiciness, flavor, aroma, and overall acceptability and fatty acid profile were evaluated. There was a feed-restriction effect on protein, lipids, and water-holding capacity (P<0.05).[...](AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da restrição alimentar pré e pós-natal sobre características qualitativas e do perfil lipídico da carne de ovinos da raça Morada Nova. Vinte e quatro cordeiros foram usados, machos, somente de parto simples, peso inicial 10,0 ± 3,07 kg e quatro meses de idade, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em três grupos: restrição pré-natal (R-PRE; n=8) e pós-natal (R-POS; n=8), e ad libitum (ADLI; n=8). Para composição dos tratamentos experimentais foi considerado o manejo alimentar aplicado anteriormente nas ovelhas no terço final de gestação. Os tratamentos ADLI e R-POS foram formados por cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas alimentadas ad libitum no terço final da gestação. O tratamento R-PRE foi constituído por cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas submetidas à restrição no terço final de gestação em 60% da recomendação das exigências do grupo de ovelhas ad libitum. Para os cordeiros dos tratamentos ADLI e R-PRE a dieta foi fornecida permitindo-se sobras de 20% do total oferecido. Para os animais do tratamento R-POS foi imposto restrição de 30% em relação aos animais alimentados ad libitum. Os animais foram abatidos com peso vivo médio de 25 kg. Após isso, as carcaças foram resfriadas a 4°C por 24 horas. As mensurações de qualidade da carne foram realizadas no lado direito de cada carcaça. O pH foi determinado imediatamente após o abate e novamente após o resfriamento. Foram coletadas amostras do músculo longissimus dorsi e congelados a -20°C. Na carne, foram determinados os teores de umidade, cinzas, proteína e lipídios totais, capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cocção, em seguida, submetidas à determinação da força de cisalhamento. A análise sensorial foi determinada pelo teste da escala hedônica sendo avaliados parâmetros sensoriais de dureza, suculência, sabor, aroma, aceitação global, e o determinado o perfil de ácidos graxos.[...](AU)

Meat quality of Morada Nova lambs subjected to different feeding regimes / Qualidade da carne de ovinos Morada Nova submetidos a diferentes manejos alimentares

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-calving feed restriction on quantitative characteristics and lipid profile of meat from Morada Nova sheep. Twenty-four male lambs from single births only, with an initial weight of 10.0 ± 3.07 kg and at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design, into three groups: pre-calving restriction (R-PRE; n=8) post-calving restriction (R-POS; n=8), and ad libitum feeding (ADLI; n=8). To make up the experimental treatments, the feeding regime applied previously on the sheep in the last third of pregnancy was considered. Treatments ADLI and R-POS were composed of lambs born from ewes fed ad libitum in the last third of pregnancy. Treatment R-PRE consisted of lambs born from ewes subjected to feed restriction in the last third of pregnancy at 60% of the recommended requirements for the group of ewes feeding ad libitum. For the lambs from treatments ADLI and R-PRE, the diet was supplied allowing 20% of the total supplied as refusals. For the animals from R-POS, a 30% restriction was imposed in relation to the animals feeding ad libitum. Animals were slaughtered with an average live weight of 25 kg. Afterwards, carcasses were chilled at 4 ºC for 24 h. Meat quality measurements were taken on the right side of each carcass; pH was determined immediately after slaughter and then again after chilling. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were collected and frozen at -20 ºC. Moisture, ash, protein, total lipids, water-holding capacity, and cooking loss were determined in the meat samples, which were then subjected to the shear-force test. The sensory analysis was determined by the hedonic-scale test, in which sensory parameters of tenderness, juiciness, flavor, aroma, and overall acceptability and fatty acid profile were evaluated. There was a feed-restriction effect on protein, lipids, and water-holding capacity (P<0.05).[...]

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da restrição alimentar pré e pós-natal sobre características qualitativas e do perfil lipídico da carne de ovinos da raça Morada Nova. Vinte e quatro cordeiros foram usados, machos, somente de parto simples, peso inicial 10,0 ± 3,07 kg e quatro meses de idade, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em três grupos: restrição pré-natal (R-PRE; n=8) e pós-natal (R-POS; n=8), e ad libitum (ADLI; n=8). Para composição dos tratamentos experimentais foi considerado o manejo alimentar aplicado anteriormente nas ovelhas no terço final de gestação. Os tratamentos ADLI e R-POS foram formados por cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas alimentadas ad libitum no terço final da gestação. O tratamento R-PRE foi constituído por cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas submetidas à restrição no terço final de gestação em 60% da recomendação das exigências do grupo de ovelhas ad libitum. Para os cordeiros dos tratamentos ADLI e R-PRE a dieta foi fornecida permitindo-se sobras de 20% do total oferecido. Para os animais do tratamento R-POS foi imposto restrição de 30% em relação aos animais alimentados ad libitum. Os animais foram abatidos com peso vivo médio de 25 kg. Após isso, as carcaças foram resfriadas a 4°C por 24 horas. As mensurações de qualidade da carne foram realizadas no lado direito de cada carcaça. O pH foi determinado imediatamente após o abate e novamente após o resfriamento. Foram coletadas amostras do músculo longissimus dorsi e congelados a -20°C. Na carne, foram determinados os teores de umidade, cinzas, proteína e lipídios totais, capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cocção, em seguida, submetidas à determinação da força de cisalhamento. A análise sensorial foi determinada pelo teste da escala hedônica sendo avaliados parâmetros sensoriais de dureza, suculência, sabor, aroma, aceitação global, e o determinado o perfil de ácidos graxos.[...]

Sensory quality of frozen shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei / Qualidade sensorial do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei congelado

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sensory quality of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei grown and stored in a freezer. A sensory analysis consisted of the Quality Index Method (MIQ) to review the raw shrimp and Descriptive Analysis (AD) in cooked shrimp in samples stored for a period of 90 days, using eight previously trained panelists. Accommodation comprising shrimp filet (100-120 pieces / kg) samples were subjected to freezing in liquid nitrogen (- 86 C), Freezing Tunnel (- 35 C) and Domestic Freezer (- 18 C). At 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage in these freezing systems, determination of pH, water holding capacity (WHC), weight loss during cooking (WLC), shearing force, color, total volatile bases (TVB) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were performed. The attributes manual firmness and softness showed better results in rapid freezing. The color parameters (a *, b * and L *), WHC and WCL were higher at 90 days of storage, no significant losses were observed. Highlighted the strength of greater shear in slowly frozen samples at 90 days, confirming the results reported by the sensory panel. At 90 days of storage, the frozen shrimp showed good sensory quality and physical and chemistry characteristics. The shelf life of this shrimp could be set at about 90 days.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei estocado sob congelamento. A análise sensorial consistiu do Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ) para avaliação do camarão in natura, e Análise Descritiva (AD) no camarão cozido, em amostras estocadas por um período de 90 dias, utilizando oito julgadores previamente treinados. As amostras compostas por camarão em filé (100-120 peças/kg) foram submetidas ao congelamento em Nitrogênio líquido (- 86 °C), Túnel de Congelamento (- 35 °C) e Freezer doméstico (- 18 °C). Aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento nesses sistemas de congelamento, foram realizadas determinações de pH, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda de peso na cocção (PPC), força de cisalhamento, cor, bases voláteis totais (BVT) e substancias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os atributos de firmeza manual e maciez apresentaram melhores resultados nos congelamentos rápidos. Os parâmetros de cor (a*, b* e L*) assim como a CRA e PPC foram maiores aos 90 dias de armazenamento, não havendo perdas significativas. Destacou-se a força de cisalhamento maior nas amostras congeladas lentamente aos 90 dias, corroborando com os dados reportados pela equipe sensorial. Aos 90 dias de armazenamento, o camarão congelado apresentou qualidade sensorial, física e química satisfatória. O tempo de prateleira deste camarão pode ser definido em cerca de 90 dias.(AU)

Sensory quality of frozen shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei / Qualidade sensorial do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei congelado

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sensory quality of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei grown and stored in a freezer. A sensory analysis consisted of the Quality Index Method (MIQ) to review the raw shrimp and Descriptive Analysis (AD) in cooked shrimp in samples stored for a period of 90 days, using eight previously trained panelists. Accommodation comprising shrimp filet (100-120 pieces / kg) samples were subjected to freezing in liquid nitrogen (- 86 C), Freezing Tunnel (- 35 C) and Domestic Freezer (- 18 C). At 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage in these freezing systems, determination of pH, water holding capacity (WHC), weight loss during cooking (WLC), shearing force, color, total volatile bases (TVB) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were performed. The attributes manual firmness and softness showed better results in rapid freezing. The color parameters (a *, b * and L *), WHC and WCL were higher at 90 days of storage, no significant losses were observed. Highlighted the strength of greater shear in slowly frozen samples at 90 days, confirming the results reported by the sensory panel. At 90 days of storage, the frozen shrimp showed good sensory quality and physical and chemistry characteristics. The shelf life of this shrimp could be set at about 90 days.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei estocado sob congelamento. A análise sensorial consistiu do Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ) para avaliação do camarão in natura, e Análise Descritiva (AD) no camarão cozido, em amostras estocadas por um período de 90 dias, utilizando oito julgadores previamente treinados. As amostras compostas por camarão em filé (100-120 peças/kg) foram submetidas ao congelamento em Nitrogênio líquido (- 86 °C), Túnel de Congelamento (- 35 °C) e Freezer doméstico (- 18 °C). Aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento nesses sistemas de congelamento, foram realizadas determinações de pH, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda de peso na cocção (PPC), força de cisalhamento, cor, bases voláteis totais (BVT) e substancias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os atributos de firmeza manual e maciez apresentaram melhores resultados nos congelamentos rápidos. Os parâmetros de cor (a*, b* e L*) assim como a CRA e PPC foram maiores aos 90 dias de armazenamento, não havendo perdas significativas. Destacou-se a força de cisalhamento maior nas amostras congeladas lentamente aos 90 dias, corroborando com os dados reportados pela equipe sensorial. Aos 90 dias de armazenamento, o camarão congelado apresentou qualidade sensorial, física e química satisfatória. O tempo de prateleira deste camarão pode ser definido em cerca de 90 dias.

Meat quality of sheep of different breeds of breeding terminated under two production systems / Qualidade da carne de ovinos de diferentes raças de reprodutores terminados sob dois sistemas de produção

This study aimed to investigate the influence of diet on sheep of different breeds reprodutoresgenótipos on the physical, chemical and sensory dae his flesh termination. Santa Inês and Dorper Somalis, distributed in two production systems, the termination native and cultivated pasture, 12 of each genótiporaças breeding, all males: 36 lambs, sons of female crossbred Santa Ines x Somalis with pure breeding three breeds were evaluated , whole and divided into two production systems. The animals had access to food and water ad libitum, and were sent to abatidose dias25 to reach approximately 180 kg live weight. It was determined, the longissimus muscle, the moisture, protein, lipid, ash, texture, weight loss by cooking, water holding capacity; cholesterol and fatty acid profile, as well as evaluating the sensory parameters of flavor, aroma, hardness, juiciness and overall acceptability. The genotype and production system influence the physical and chemical characteristics of lamb. The Somali group had lower levels of ash and lipids. The Dorper and St. Agnes animals yielded similar results, PPC (weight loss by cooking), the fatty acid C14: 0 (myristic) and C17: 0 (margaric) and overall acceptability. The cultivated pasture showed better results for protein, lipid, PPC (weight loss by cooking), WHC (water holding capacity), C16: 1 (palmitoleic), C18: 1n9c (oleic acid), C18: 1n9t

Objetivou-se investigar a influência da dieta na terminação de ovinos de diferentes raças de reprodutores sobre a qualidade física, química e sensorial da carne. Foram avaliados 36 cordeiros, filhos de fêmeas mestiças Santa Inês x Somalis com reprodutores puros de três raças: Santa Inês, Dorper e Somalis, distribuídos em dois sistemas de produção, terminação a pasto nativo e cultivado, 12 de cada raças de reprodutores, todos machos, inteiros e distribuídos em dois sistemas de produção. Os animais tiveram acesso a alimentação e água ad libitum, sendo abatidos ao atingirem aproximadamente 180 dias.Determinou-se, no músculo Longissimus dorsi, os teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios, cinzas, textura, perda de peso por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água; colesterol e o perfil de ácidos graxos, bem como a avaliação dos parâmetros sensoriais de sabor, aroma, dureza, suculência e aceitação global. O grupamento Somalis apresentou menores teores de cinzas e lipídeos. Os animais Dorper e Santa Inês obtiveram resultados semelhantes em, PPC (perda de peso por cocção), os ácidos graxos C14:0 (mirístico) e C17:0 (margárico) e aceitação global. O pasto cultivado apresentou melhores resultados para, proteína, lipídeos, PPC (perda de peso por cocção), CRA (capacidade de retenção de água), C16:1 (palmitoleico), C18:1n9c (oleico), C18:1n9t (Elaídico), AGM (ácido graxo monoinsaturado),

Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs SPRD crossbreed with Santa Inês and Somalis Brasileira feedlot finished / Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros SPRD cruzados com as raças Santa Inês e Somalis Brasileira terminados em confinamento

We evaluated the growth performance and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of crossbred lambs meat (½ undefined breed - SPRD x ½ Santa Inês - SI and ½ SPRD x ½ Somalis Brasileira - SB) finished in feedlot. We used 16 lambs weaned males, intact, with an initial weight of 19.7 ± 2.0 kg and about three months old. We adopted the design of randomized blocks, with blocks represented by the initial weight ranges for each genetic group evaluated (½ SPRD x ½ SI and ½ SPRD x ½ SB), with eight replicates in each group. Sheep ½ SPRD x ½ SI had higher average daily weight gain, total weight gain, length and head ham, carcass internal length, weight and yield of the hindquarter, weights and performance of non-carcass components (lung and trachea, liver, kidney, head and feet). ½ SPRD x ½ SB showed higher values for body condition scores initial and final fat thickness, degree of finish, initial pH and final. In this study, crossbred ½ SPRD x ½ SI lambs is a promising alternative to obtaining of production systems more efficient considering the superiority of weight gain and carcass characteristics related to morphometric measurements, cut meat diet hacksaw and non-carcass components in the ½ SPRD x ½ SB animals. However, SPRD ½ x ½ SB lambs feature superiority as the conservation aspects of carcass and in the case of markets with preference

Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo e características quantitativas e qualitativas de carcaça e dos não-componentes de carcaça de cordeiros SPRD (Sem Padrão Racial Definido) cruzados com as raças Santa Inês (SI) e Somalis Brasileira (SB) terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 16 cordeiros desmamados, machos, não castrados, com peso inicial 19,7±2,0kg e três meses de idade. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com blocos representados pelo peso inicial de cada grupo genético (½ SPRD x ½ SI e ½ SPRD x ½ SB), com oito animais por grupo. Os ovinos ½ SPRD x ½ SI apresentaram maior ganho de peso diário e total, comprimento e perímetro de pernil, comprimento interno da carcaça, peso e rendimento do corte serrote, peso e rendimento dos não-componentes da carcaça (pulmão e traqueia, fígado, rins, cabeça e patas). Os cordeiros ½ SPRD x ½ SB apresentaram maiores valores para escore de condição corporal inicial e final, espessura de gordura subcutânea, grau de acabamento, pH inicial e final. Assim, cordeiros mestiços ½ SPRD x ½ SI constituem uma alternativa promissora para o estabelecimento de sistemas produtivos mais eficientes, considerando a superioridade em ganho de peso e as características da carcaça relacionadas às medidas morfométricas, ao corte cárneo serrote e aos não-componentes da carcaça em relação aos animais ½ SPRD x ½ SB.

Meat quality of sheep of different breeds of breeding terminated under two production systems / Qualidade da carne de ovinos de diferentes raças de reprodutores terminados sob dois sistemas de produção

This study aimed to investigate the influence of diet on sheep of different breeds reprodutoresgenótipos on the physical, chemical and sensory dae his flesh termination. Santa Inês and Dorper Somalis, distributed in two production systems, the termination native and cultivated pasture, 12 of each genótiporaças breeding, all males: 36 lambs, sons of female crossbred Santa Ines x Somalis with pure breeding three breeds were evaluated , whole and divided into two production systems. The animals had access to food and water ad libitum, and were sent to abatidose dias25 to reach approximately 180 kg live weight. It was determined, the longissimus muscle, the moisture, protein, lipid, ash, texture, weight loss by cooking, water holding capacity; cholesterol and fatty acid profile, as well as evaluating the sensory parameters of flavor, aroma, hardness, juiciness and overall acceptability. The genotype and production system influence the physical and chemical characteristics of lamb. The Somali group had lower levels of ash and lipids. The Dorper and St. Agnes animals yielded similar results, PPC (weight loss by cooking), the fatty acid C14: 0 (myristic) and C17: 0 (margaric) and overall acceptability. The cultivated pasture showed better results for protein, lipid, PPC (weight loss by cooking), WHC (water holding capacity), C16: 1 (palmitoleic), C18: 1n9c (oleic acid), C18: 1n9t(AU)

Objetivou-se investigar a influência da dieta na terminação de ovinos de diferentes raças de reprodutores sobre a qualidade física, química e sensorial da carne. Foram avaliados 36 cordeiros, filhos de fêmeas mestiças Santa Inês x Somalis com reprodutores puros de três raças: Santa Inês, Dorper e Somalis, distribuídos em dois sistemas de produção, terminação a pasto nativo e cultivado, 12 de cada raças de reprodutores, todos machos, inteiros e distribuídos em dois sistemas de produção. Os animais tiveram acesso a alimentação e água ad libitum, sendo abatidos ao atingirem aproximadamente 180 dias.Determinou-se, no músculo Longissimus dorsi, os teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios, cinzas, textura, perda de peso por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água; colesterol e o perfil de ácidos graxos, bem como a avaliação dos parâmetros sensoriais de sabor, aroma, dureza, suculência e aceitação global. O grupamento Somalis apresentou menores teores de cinzas e lipídeos. Os animais Dorper e Santa Inês obtiveram resultados semelhantes em, PPC (perda de peso por cocção), os ácidos graxos C14:0 (mirístico) e C17:0 (margárico) e aceitação global. O pasto cultivado apresentou melhores resultados para, proteína, lipídeos, PPC (perda de peso por cocção), CRA (capacidade de retenção de água), C16:1 (palmitoleico), C18:1n9c (oleico), C18:1n9t (Elaídico), AGM (ácido graxo monoinsaturado),(AU)

Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs SPRD crossbreed with Santa Inês and Somalis Brasileira feedlot finished / Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros SPRD cruzados com as raças Santa Inês e Somalis Brasileira terminados em confinamento

We evaluated the growth performance and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of crossbred lambs meat (½ undefined breed - SPRD x ½ Santa Inês - SI and ½ SPRD x ½ Somalis Brasileira - SB) finished in feedlot. We used 16 lambs weaned males, intact, with an initial weight of 19.7 ± 2.0 kg and about three months old. We adopted the design of randomized blocks, with blocks represented by the initial weight ranges for each genetic group evaluated (½ SPRD x ½ SI and ½ SPRD x ½ SB), with eight replicates in each group. Sheep ½ SPRD x ½ SI had higher average daily weight gain, total weight gain, length and head ham, carcass internal length, weight and yield of the hindquarter, weights and performance of non-carcass components (lung and trachea, liver, kidney, head and feet). ½ SPRD x ½ SB showed higher values for body condition scores initial and final fat thickness, degree of finish, initial pH and final. In this study, crossbred ½ SPRD x ½ SI lambs is a promising alternative to obtaining of production systems more efficient considering the superiority of weight gain and carcass characteristics related to morphometric measurements, cut meat diet hacksaw and non-carcass components in the ½ SPRD x ½ SB animals. However, SPRD ½ x ½ SB lambs feature superiority as the conservation aspects of carcass and in the case of markets with preference(AU)

Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo e características quantitativas e qualitativas de carcaça e dos não-componentes de carcaça de cordeiros SPRD (Sem Padrão Racial Definido) cruzados com as raças Santa Inês (SI) e Somalis Brasileira (SB) terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 16 cordeiros desmamados, machos, não castrados, com peso inicial 19,7±2,0kg e três meses de idade. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com blocos representados pelo peso inicial de cada grupo genético (½ SPRD x ½ SI e ½ SPRD x ½ SB), com oito animais por grupo. Os ovinos ½ SPRD x ½ SI apresentaram maior ganho de peso diário e total, comprimento e perímetro de pernil, comprimento interno da carcaça, peso e rendimento do corte serrote, peso e rendimento dos não-componentes da carcaça (pulmão e traqueia, fígado, rins, cabeça e patas). Os cordeiros ½ SPRD x ½ SB apresentaram maiores valores para escore de condição corporal inicial e final, espessura de gordura subcutânea, grau de acabamento, pH inicial e final. Assim, cordeiros mestiços ½ SPRD x ½ SI constituem uma alternativa promissora para o estabelecimento de sistemas produtivos mais eficientes, considerando a superioridade em ganho de peso e as características da carcaça relacionadas às medidas morfométricas, ao corte cárneo serrote e aos não-componentes da carcaça em relação aos animais ½ SPRD x ½ SB.(AU)

Aproveitamento de carne caprina de animais de descarte na formulação de um embutido cru tipo hambúrger / Exploitation of goat meat of animals of discarding in the formularization of a raw inlaid work type to hamburger

Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo do aproveitamento de carne caprina de animais Sem Raça Definida (SRD), com idade superior a 24 meses, na elaboração de um embutido cru tipo hambúrger. Elaboram-se cinco formulações com diferentes percentuais de carne caprina e bovina, A, B, D e E, com 100, 75, 50, 25 e 0 por cento de carne caprina, respectivamente, mantendo-se todos os outros ingredientes constantes. Todas as formulações foram submetidas a testes de aceitação global e de atributos de qualidade sensoriais através de Escala Hedônica de 9 pontos, por uma equipe composta de 40 provadores não treinados, consumidores de hambúrger. Os resultados submetidos a análise de valiância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, revelaram que as formulações C e D, contendo 50 e 25 por cento de carne caprina, respectivamente, não diferiram significativamente (P > 0,05), sendo escolhida a formulação C como a de melhor aceitação entre os consumidores. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de vida de prateleira indicaram uma boa aceitação global e estabilidade desta formulação durante 180 dias de estocagem à temperatura de -18º C.

Aproveitamento de carne caprina de animais de descarte na formulação de um embutido cru tipo hambúrger / Exploitation of goat meat of animals of discarding in the formularization of a raw inlaid work type to hamburger

Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo do aproveitamento de carne caprina de animais Sem Raça Definida (SRD), com idade superior a 24 meses, na elaboração de um embutido cru tipo hambúrger. Elaboram-se cinco formulações com diferentes percentuais de carne caprina e bovina, A, B, D e E, com 100, 75, 50, 25 e 0 por cento de carne caprina, respectivamente, mantendo-se todos os outros ingredientes constantes. Todas as formulações foram submetidas a testes de aceitação global e de atributos de qualidade sensoriais através de Escala Hedônica de 9 pontos, por uma equipe composta de 40 provadores não treinados, consumidores de hambúrger. Os resultados submetidos a análise de valiância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, revelaram que as formulações C e D, contendo 50 e 25 por cento de carne caprina, respectivamente, não diferiram significativamente (P > 0,05), sendo escolhida a formulação C como a de melhor aceitação entre os consumidores. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de vida de prateleira indicaram uma boa aceitação global e estabilidade desta formulação durante 180 dias de estocagem à temperatura de -18º C.(AU)

This research aimed to develop a raw formed meat product, hamburger-like, containing different percentages of bovine and caprine meat. The product was made using meat in natura from old animals (over 24 month old)from non-definite breed, which have little acceptance, by consumers. That was an attempt to add commercial value to the raw material. The formulations A (100% bovine meat), B (75% bovine meat and 25% caprine meat), C (50% de booine meat and 50% caprine meat), O (25% bovine meat and 75% caprine meat)and E (100% caprine meat) were statistically tested for overall acceptance and quality attributes through hedonic scale totalling 9 points. Ali the other ingredients were kept constant. Sensorial analyses were performed by 40 non-trained panellists. The data were analyzed for the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Results showed statistically significant difference at 5% level among formulations. Formulations C and O, containing 50 and 25% of caprine meat, respectively, showed the best results among those formulations containing caprine meat. However, formulation C presented the highest scores for all the measured attributes, except for the taste attribute. This formulation also showed a good stabilityand overall aceptation throughout the 180 days of storage under -18°C. (AU)