Genetic polymorphism of 15 autosomal short tandem repeats in Baloch population of Pakistan.

Allele frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) were evaluated in 200 genetically unrelated individuals of the Baloch population of Pakistan. Total 155 alleles were observed with allele frequencies ranged from 0.003 to 0.425. Among the 15 STRs, D2S1338 was found to be the most polymorphic and discriminating locus while TPOX was the least polymorphic and discriminating locus. The combined power of discrimination (CPD), combined power of exclusion (CPE), and combined matching probability (CMP) were found to be 0.9999999999999999978, 0.999994252, and 2.14012 × 10-18, respectively. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was observed except for locus D21S11. Additionally, a correlation between previously published data and Baloch population is also presented.

Genetic analysis of 15 autosomal STRs in Yousafzai population of Pakistan.

Yousafzai is a Pushto-speaking Pathan tribe inhabiting the northern province of Pakistan who claim to be descendants of the prophet Yousaf (Joseph). Forensic and genetic parameters were determined for 203 genetically unrelated individuals on 15 autosomal STRs. D2S1338 was the most discriminating locus whereas TPOX was the least. The combined matching probability (CMP) for all loci was 1.52458 × 10-18 while combined power of discrimination (CPD) and combined power of exclusion (CPE) was 0.9999999999999999984 and 0.999998628, respectively. The Yousafzai population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction except for loci D3S1358 and D19S433. Pairwise genetic distance analysis was carried out by comparing with various populations at local and global levels. The findings of this study are valuable for population genetics and forensics analysis.

Exosomes as Biomarker of Cancer

ABSTRACT Rapid advances in medicine and biotechnology resulted in the development of non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers enabling convenient and accurate detection. Exosomes has recently emerged as non-invasive biomarker for a number of diseases including cancer. Exosomes are the small endosome originated membranous vesicles secreted in a number of biological fluids such as serum, saliva, urine, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, etc. Exosomes contain microRNA proteins and mRNA which can be used as disease specific biomarkers. Here we reviewed recent advancement in the field of exosomes as diagnostic biomarker for cancer along with a brief overview of their biogenesis, function and isolation.