[Effect of polarization of the frontal cortex on the resistance of the subcortical centers to ether]. / Vliianie poliarizatsii frontal'noi zony kory golovnogo mozga na ustoichivost' tsentrov podkorkovoi oblasti k éfiru.

Chronic experiments on unanesthetized rabbits have demonstrated that frontal cortex polarization with a constant anode current (5 mkA) elevates the resistance of bioelectrical activity to ether of the ipsilateral supervisual nucleus of the hypothalamus and midbrain reticular formation as well as the general endurance of the body. As compared with controls, the lifespan of experimental animals increases by 59.85 min, that is by 67.7% (P less than 0.01). In the awakening phase the restoration processes in bioelectrical activity of the cortex and subcortex centers of animals under polarization conditions are accelerated.

[Effect of fetanol on animal tolerance in ftorotan anesthesia]. / Vliianie fetanola na vynoslivost' zhivotnykh v usloviiakh ftorotanovogo narkoza.

Experiments on 20 dogs with simultaneous recording of bioelectrical activity of the brain cortex, medial thalamus, heart, arterial pressure, respiration and oxygen tension in brain tissues have shown that purposive correction of arterial hypotension with the aid of pharmacological substances, particularly fetanol increases the resistance of the brain cortex and respiratory center, thereby raising the animals' tolerance of increasing ftorotan anesthesia.

[Effect of the orbitofrontal area of the cat cerebral cortex on the resistance of the supraoptical nuclei of the hypothalamic region under ftorotan anesthesia]. / Vliianie orbitofrontal'noi zony kory bol'shogo mozga koshki na ustoichivost' nadzritel'nykh iader podbugornoi oblatsi v usloviiakh ftorotanovogo narkoza.

Acute experiments have shown that as ftorotan anesthesia is enhanced, the supraoptical nucleus of the hypothalamic area deprived of the effect of the orbitofrontal zone of the cerebral cortex gets less resistant to ftorotan than the analogous nucleus experiencing the influence of the cortical zones. The greatest resistance to ftorotan anesthesia was displayed by the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex. In the course of the animals' egress from anesthesia, the bioelectrical activity got recovered in the following way: first in the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex, then in the supraoptical nuclei of the hypothalamic area that retained the influence of the cortex, and, finally, in the supraoptic nuclei deprived of the subordination effect of the cortex.

[Effect of the orbitofrontal zone of the cat cerebral cortex on the resistance of the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus to ether]. / Vliianie orbitofrontal'noi zony kory kol'shogo mozga koshki na ustoichivost' nadzritel'nykh iader podbugornoi oblasti po otnosheniiu k éfiru.

Acute experiments on cats have shown that with an increase of ether anesthesia, the supravisual nucleus of the hypothalamus deprived of the influence of the orbitofrontal zone of the cerebral cortex gets less resistant to ether than an analogous nucleus that retained the subordination influence of the cortex. The highest resistance is demonstrated by the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex under conditions of ether anesthesia. In the course of the animal's wake up from anesthesia-induced sleep there takes place a recovery of bioelectrical activity primarily of the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex followed by the recovery of the supravisual nucleus which is under the cortex effect and finally of the supravisual nucleus deprived of the subordination effects of the cortex.

[Effect of preliminary antibiotic administration on the course of ether anesthesia]. / Vliianie predvaritel'nogo vvedeniia antibiotikov na techenie éfirnogo narkoza.

The effect of pretreatment with benzylpenicillin, tetracycline hydrochloride and streptomycin sulfate on the course of either anesthesia was studied in experiments on animals. Benzylpenicillin and tetracyclin hydrochloride neither significantly changed the reactivity of the mouse body nor affected the course of ether anesthesia. Administration of streptomycin sulfate to mice and dogs was attended by the reduced function of the central nervous system. The course of ether anesthesia changed accordingly. The reaction of the animals who had been pretreated with streptomycin sulfate was determined by the species features. In white mice, the antibiotic increased the resistance to the toxic effect of ether while in the dogs, it decreased, on the contrary, the body resistance under anesthesia, thereby accelerating the animals' death.

[Changes in the reactive properties of the body under anesthesia against a background of aspartic acid premedication]. / Izmenenie reaktivnykh svoistv organizma v usloviiakh narkoza na fone premedikatsii asparaginovoi kislotoi.

It was shown in acute experiments on mice and dogs that aspartic acid and its sodium salt administered 15-30 minutes prior to ether and hexenal anesthesia prolong the animals' life span by 42.2-99.9% compared to control given an isotonic solution of sodium chloride. The stabilizing action of the aspartate is accounted for by its effect on the reactive properties of the central nervous system, particularly on the new cortex, old cortex, archicortex and circulation. This effect is also associated with the increased oxygen tension in brain tissues, with increased heart contractions and slowing down of their rhythm.

[Pharmacological properties of a new benzimidazole derivative]. / O farmakologicheskikh svoistvakh novogo proizvodnogo benzimidazola.

The pharmacological action of the new benziamidazole derivative 1-(3-diethylamino-2-oxypropyl)-2-propylbenzimidazole (abazol) was studied in experiments on mice, dogs, cats and isolated ears of rabbits. In cats and dogs, abazol produces a hypotensive effect and transient reduction of the EEG wave amplitude. Abazol dilates the vessels of an isolated rabbit ear. It shows less toxicity and less pronounced convulsant effect as compared to dibazol.

[Effect of streptomycin sulfate on the process of higher nervous activity recovery in dogs in the postanesthesia period]. / Vliianie streptomitsina sul'fata na protsess vosstanovleniia vysshei nervnoi deiatel'nosti sobak v postnarkoticheskom periode.

The effect of streptomycin on recovery of the higher nervous activity during the postanesthesia period was studied on 3 dogs with the method of the conditioned reflexes. It was found that streptomycin sulphate administered in a dose of 25 mg per 1 kg body weight induced no changes in the conditioned reflexes of the non-anesthetized animals. After ether anesthesia disorders in the conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, as well as differentiation was observed during the postanesthesia period. On an average they normalized in 7, 6 and 2 days respectively from the moment of anesthesia. When streptomycin sulphate was used during the post anesthesia period, both the strength and the character of the disorders in the conditioned reflexes changed. In this case recovery of the conditioned and unconditioned reflexes was registered in 2 days, while that of the differential inhibition was registered in 3--7 days from the moment of anesthesia.

[Comparative intensity of oxidative phosphorylation in different regions of the cerebral cortex of intact animals during anesthesia and hypoxia]. / Sravnitel'naia intensivnost' okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia v razlichnykh otdelakh kory golovnogo mozga intaktnykh zhivotnykh v usloviiakh narkoza i gipoksii.

Experiments on 54 dogs with the use of the manometric method of Warburg proved that the level of oxidative phosphorylation in the brain cortex segments differing in the level of their phylogenic development is dissimilar. In the new cortex segment (sensomotor region) the oxygen and inorganic phosphorus uptake as well as the degree of their conjugation, as compared to the energy exchange intensity in the tissues of the old cortex (hippocampus), were found to show a higher level. Anesthetics, such as ether and sodium hexobarbital caused dissociation of the oxidative phosphorylation, more pronounced in the elements of the old cortical segments than in the new ones. The suppression of biochemical processes was especially profound under the effect of sodium hexobarbital and less marked under an ether poisoning. Hypoxia and combined action of an anesthetic and hypoxia produced inhibition of the energy exchange, more intensive in the new cortical segments.

[Course of ether anesthesia and the post-anesthesia period against a background of prior vibration]. / Techenie éfirnogo narkoza i postnarkoznogo perioda na fone predvaritel'noi vibratsii.

The experiment on albino rats showed that three-hour vibration (46.6 Hz, 1mm amplitude) decreases the functional activity of the central nervous system as well as that of the respiratory and circulatory apparatus. Ether anesthesia against this background aggravates the animals condition and they die during the post-anesthesia period (60% of cases). Survival of the animals under conditions of extreme actions (vibration, anesthesia) is estimated by the cerebral cortex resistance level.

[Effect of ether and fluorothane on higher nervous activity]. / Vliianie efira i ftorotana na vysshuiu nervnuiu deiatel'nost'.

Tests conducted with dogs by using Pavlov's method of conditioned reflexes (salivation procedure) showed fluothane to act on the central nervous system 3 times as strong as does ether. This is confirmed by a longer time necessary for the higher nervous system to normalize. Thus, awakening of the animals after the ether anesthesia, the re-establishment of the conditioned reflex activity supervened by the 7th day on the average, whereas, after the fluothane anesthesia, this occurred only on the 24th day.

[The influence of fluothane and hexobarbital on the cerebral cortex and spinal cord centers]. / Bliianie ftorotana i Geksenala na kiru bol'shikh polusharii i tsentry shinnogo mozga.

Tests set up on 17 cats demonstrated by using methods of evoked potentials that the reflex activity of the spinal cord centers is inhibited after introduction of 2.3 +/- 0.2 ml of fluothane, whereas the functional performance capacity of the large hemispheres cortex is suppressed following administration of 3,2 +/- 0,8 ml of the drug. The restitution of excitability and conductivity of the cortex in the post-anesthetization period proceeds at the rate 1.7 times faster than the restoration of the spinal cord centers. With deepening of the hexobarbital anesthesia complete inhibition of the spinal reflex activity supervenes after introduction of 56.3 +/- 12.3 ml/kg and that of the cortex following introduction of 115.0 +/- 23.2 ml/kg of hexobarbital.

[Effect of ether anesthesia on pentosephosphate cycle dehydrogenase activity in different parts of the brain]. / Vliianie éfirnogo narkoza na aktivnost' degidrogenaz pentozofosfatnogo tsikla v razlichnykh otdelakh golovnogo mozga.

Investigations carried out on 19 dogs demonstrated that under ether anesthesia and with the anesthetic concentration in the arterial blood of 126.4 +/- 15.4 mg% the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in the optic and auditory areas of the brain cortex as well as in the median thalamus experiences no significant changes.

[Effect of hexenal and thiopental anesthesia on energy metabolism in different brain areas]. / Vliianie geksenalovogo i tiopentalovogo narkoza na énergeticheskii obmen v razlichnykh otdelakh golovnogo mozga.

Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were studied in dog mitochondria of visua and acoustic areas of brain cortex as well as of medial thalamus after hexenal and thiopental narcosis. The distinct increase in the respiratory activity, which was not accompanied by phosphate esterification, was observed in mitochondria of medial thalamus as compared with the organelles of brain cortex from visual and acoustic areas. The phenomenon was responsible for uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation processes.

[Comparative reactivity of the neo-, paleo- and archicortex of the brain under conditions of ether and hexanal anesthesia]. / Sravnitel'naia reaktivnost' novoi, staroi i drevnei kory golovnogo mozga v usloviiakh éfirnogo i geksenalovogo narkoza

In acute experiments on dogs subject to investigation under ether- and hexobarbital sodium-induced anesthesia was comparative reactivity of the neo-(sensomotor region), paleo-(hippocampus) and archicortex (olfactory lobe) of the brain. It was found that following administration of low and medium doses of general anesthetics more marked EEG changes, with but an insignificant inhibition of respirations and a slight fall in arterial pressure, were observed to occur in the hippocampus and in the olfactory lobe, as against the biocurrents in the sensomotor region. Such a regularity continued for as long as the oxygen tension in the neocortex was maintained at a level higher than in the paleo-and archicortex. Upon introduction of toxic ether and hexobarbital doses the oxygen tension in the neocortex dropped earlier and the inhibition of its bioelectric activity would set in concurrently or sooner than in the olfactory lobe and in the hippocampus.

[Correlation of the bioelectrical activity and energy metabolism in various parts of the dog brain in the process of ontogeny under ether anesthetic conditions]. / O sootnoshenii bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti i énergoobmen v razlichnykh otdelakh golovnogo mozga sobak v protsesse ontogeneza v usloviiakh éfirnogo narkoza

Experiments conducted on 50 puppies of 2-days, 2-weeks and a month old evidenced that the maturing of the central nervous system in puppies was accompanied by a progressive growth of the bioelectric activity and of the energy exchange forse. With advancing age of the animals the inhibitory action of ether on the oxygen uptake by the tissues of the visual, auditory cortical zones and of the medial thalamus along with the biocurrents in these structures were on a decline. At the same time, as the post-natal development of the animals went on, the processes of oxidative phosphorylation in the cortical segments were disturbed greater than at the 2-week age. In 2-day old animals it did not change substantially by comparison with controls.

[The effect of mixtures of caffeine, glucose and ascorbic acid on conditioned reflex activity in dogs during the postanesthetic period]. / Vliianie smesi kofeina, gluikozy i askorbinovoi kisloty na uslovnoreflektornuiu deiatel'nost' v postnarkoticheskom periode u sobak

It was shown in experiments on four dogs by the conditioned method that the period of recovery of conditioned activity after one hour ether anaesthesia tested 7 to 7.5 days. Premedication with a mixture of caffeine, glucose and ascorbic acid reduced the recovery time to four or five days. After the administration of the complex in the postanaesthetic period (in 2.5 hours after anaesthesia) the stabilizing effect was still more pronounced. Thus, the recovery time of unconditioned and conditioned reflexes and differentiation was reduced to three or four days.