Pregnancy-related thrombosis risk in patients with protein C deficiency and comparison with pregnant women with heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation.

: The risk of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism is high in patients with inherited thrombophilia. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of pregnancy related-venous thromboembolism of women with protein C (PC) deficiency to patients with heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. 145 consecutive pregnant women with confirmed PC deficiency or heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation were prospectively enrolled in the study. Lyon venous thromboembolism-risk score was used to individually tailor antithrombotic prophylaxis. The use of a validated clinical score presents the advantage to have a homogenous management of the venous thromboembolism risk in patients having similar risk factors. 53 pregnancies with PC deficiency were compared with 190 pregnancies in heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation carriers. 50% of the patients with PC deficiency and 64% of the heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation carriers were asymptomatic. According to the Lyon-venous thromboembolism risk score, 50% of patients with PC deficiency and 51% of heterozygous factor V Leiden carriers did not received any antepartum heparin prophylaxis. 34 and 37% of patients respectively received heparin prophylaxis during the third trimester only. No venous thromboembolism was observed in patients with PC deficiency and one postpartum venous thromboembolism occurred in a patient with heterozygous factor V Leiden. In the absence of randomized controlled clinical studies, we report here a large prospective series of pregnant women with PC deficiency. In our cohort, no difference of outcome, in terms of venous thromboembolism, was observed between pregnant women with PC deficiency and those with heterozygous factor V Leiden. Based on our results, low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis should not be mandatory in all pregnant women with PC deficiency. Similar prophylaxis strategies may be applied to women with factor V Leiden mutation or PC deficiency.

Pregnancy and thrombosis: Adrenal vein thrombosis. A retrospective descriptive study of 14 cases.

OBJECTIVES: Adrenal vein thrombosis during pregnancy is a rare thromboembolic event but is not exceptional. The objective of this study was to described the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with this condition. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 14 cases (13 patients, one recurrence) that occurred in the three university maternity hospitals in Lyon (France) from 2008 to 2016. RESULTS: Adrenal vein thrombosis occurred exclusively in the third trimester (gestational age > 28 weeks), with most patients presenting unilateral lumbar pain (13/14 cases, 93%) and vomiting (8 cases, 57%), mimicking renal colic. To establish the diagnosis, all patients were examined by abdominal CT and all but three (79%) by abdominal ultrasonography. Ten patients (71%) were treated by low molecular weight heparin and the remaining four (29%) by unfractionated heparin. The delay between presentation and diagnosis, and thus before treatment was initiated, was greater than 24 h in 50% of cases. Thrombosis occurred predominantly (11 vs 3 cases) on the right adrenal vein. Labor inducing or cervical ripening agents were used after temporarily interrupting treatment for 9/14 patients (64%). Epidural anesthesia was possible for 11 patients (79%) and 2 (14%) had postpartum hemorrhage. Eleven patients received hemostatic function investigations with anomalies detected in four cases (36%). One of the six patients (16%) who had a second full-term pregnancy during the study period had a contralateral recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Adrenal vein thromboses are rare events requiring curative anticoagulant therapy and labor management to minimize the risk of hemorrhage. Patients should receive thromboprophylaxis for subsequent pregnancies and a full thrombophilia investigation.

Neonatal morbidity associated with vaginal delivery of noncephalic second twins.

BACKGROUND: Management of noncephalic second twin delivery rests on the results of population-based retrospective studies of twin births that have shown higher neonatal mortality and morbidity for second twins with noncephalic, compared with cephalic, presentations after vaginal delivery of the first twin. Because these studies are flawed by data of questionable validity, do not report the obstetrical practices at delivery, and do not allow collection of potential confounding variables, we performed a national prospective study specially designed to evaluate the management of twins' delivery. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess neonatal mortality and morbidity according to second twin presentation after vaginal birth of the first twin. STUDY DESIGN: The Jumeaux Mode d'Accouchement study was a nationwide prospective population-based cohort study of twin deliveries performed in 176 maternity units in France from February 2014 through March 2015. The primary outcome was a composite of intrapartum mortality and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Neonatal outcomes of second twins born ≥32 weeks of gestation after vaginal delivery of the first cephalic or breech twin were compared according to the noncephalic or cephalic second twin presentation. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the breech or transverse presentation of the noncephalic second twin, and gestational age at delivery, before or after 37 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: Among 3903 second twins enrolled in the study, 2384 (61.1%) were in cephalic and 1519 (38.9%) in noncephalic presentations, of whom 999 (25.6%) were in breech and 520 (13.3%) in transverse presentation. Composite neonatal mortality and morbidity did not differ between the noncephalic and cephalic group (47/1519 [3.1%] vs 59/2384 [2.5%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.85). No significant difference between groups was shown for the primary outcome in subgroup analyses according to type of noncephalic second twin presentation or gestational age at delivery. Cesarean delivery rates for the second twin were lower in the breech than in the cephalic group (14/999 [1.4%] vs 75/2384 [3.1%], P = .003) and lower in the cephalic than in the transverse group (75/2384 [3.1%] vs 35/520 [6.7%], P < .001). CONCLUSION: Noncephalic and cephalic second twin presentations after vaginal delivery of the first twin ≥32 weeks of gestation are associated with similar low composite neonatal mortality and morbidity. Vaginal delivery of noncephalic second twin is a reasonable option.