Fabrication of a Biocompatible Nanoantimicrobial Suture for Rapid Wound Healing after Surgery.

Suture-associated infections on surgical sites are known to be related to the surface characteristics of the sutures. The present study aimed to fabricate a novel functional suture for surgical procedures and characterize its antioxidative, antimicrobial, and in vitro wound healing properties. St John's wort, Hypericum perforatum, extract (eHp), and biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been combined and used for coating the silk sutures. Antioxidant, antimicrobial capacity, and in vitro wound healing potential of the coated sutures have been examined. The morphological and microanalytical examination of the coated sutures was also performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). According to the antioxidant activity tests, free radical scavenging and ß-carotene linoleic acid tests revealed that the antioxidative potential of H. perforatum extract-AgNP combination (eHp-AgNP) at 10 mg/mL concentration was higher than those of positive controls, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. Coating the sutures with eHp-AgNP resulted in a remarkable inhibition activity of the sutures against Staphylococcus aureus, which is a pathogenic member of human microbiota. When compared with the control groups, it was investigated that coating the sutures with eHp-AgNP stimulated the cell migration of the fibroblasts to heal the artificial wound. Due to their beneficial effects, the eHp-AgNP-coated silk sutures might be a potential antibacterial and wound healing accelerator for surgical approaches.

The preservation effect of biodegradable gelatin coating incorporated with grape seed oil on glazed shrimp.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the quality and shelf life of shrimps (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas 1846) glazed with biodegradable gelatin solutions combined with grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil (GSO). Therefore, shrimps were divided into five groups and were glazed with distilled water (control), G (gelatin), G + 5% GSO (gelatin with 5% GSO), G + 10% GSO (gelatin with 10% GSO) and G + 15% GSO (gelatin with 15% GSO). Glazed shrimps were vacuum packaged and stored at -18 °C for 12 months. Proximate composition of the shrimps was determined, and the microbial (total viable counts, psychrotrophic bacteria count and Enterobacteriaceae), sensorial, chemical (residual sulfite, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) analysis, colour measurement, and melanosis formation were evaluated throughout the storage period. RESULTS: According to the analysis results, edible G + GSO coatings improved the meat quality and the brightness of the shrimps. The combined treatment reduced the quality loss of the shrimps which was caused by lipid content and prevented the total psychotropic bacteria growth throughout the storage. Moreover, glazing with G + GSO retarded the melanosis formation of the frozen shrimps. CONCLUSION: The study results revealed that GSO may be a recommended alternatively to sodium metabisulfite, which is a hazardous chemical substance commonly used against melanosis of shrimps. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Fabrication and Characterization of a Multifunctional Coating to Promote the Osteogenic Properties of Orthopedic Implants.

Titanium-based alloys are used in orthopedic applications as fixation elements, hard tissue replacements in artificial bones, and dental implants. Despite their wide range of applications, metallic implant defects and failures arise due to inadequate mechanical bonding, postoperative clotting problems, aseptic loosening, and infections. To improve the surface bioactivity and reduce the corrosion rate of the Ti6Al4V alloy, multi-layered coatings (HAp, BG, Cs, and Hep) were applied via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). XRD images showed the presence of HAp within the coating. In vitro investigation: cell line NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on the non-coated and coated Ti6Al4V substrates, and their cellular behavior was evaluated. The results indicated that the HApBGCsHep coating could enhance the adhesion and proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells. In addition, the potentiodynamic polarization results are compatible with the in vitro outcome.

Anticancer activity of linalool: comparative investigation of ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the world. Many anticancer drugs are currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Linalool is aromatic compounds from the monoterpene group. It is the main constituents of essential oils and show antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiseptic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferativeand apoptotic, effects of linalool in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of linalool (100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 µM) at 24 h and 48 h. MTT assay for cell proliferation and Annexin V assay for apoptosis was done. The morphology of breast cancer cells was investigated by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The study show that linalool significantly induced apoptosis in all groups as dose and time-dependent (p < .05). Linalool has apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in a concentration and time-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of linalool on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was found to be associated with apoptotic cell death. Linalool was more effective on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in smaller amounts.

Comparison of ultrastructural changes and the anticarcinogenic effects of thymol and carvacrol on ovarian cancer cells: which is more effective?

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide in women. Many anticancer drugs are currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol) and carvacrol are oxygenated aromatic compounds from the monoterpene group. They are the main constituents of thyme essential oil and show antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiseptic properties. The aim of this study is to compare the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of thymol and carvacrol on SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line. The cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of thymol and carvacrol (100, 200, 400, 600 µM) at 24 h and 48 h durations. The cell viability was investigated by MTT assay and analysis of apoptosis with annexin V assay was determined. The study show that thymol and carvacrol significantly induced apoptosis in all groups as dose and time-dependent (p < .05). The data in the present study demonstrated that thymol and carvacrol have apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in a concentration-dependent manner toward ovarian cancer cells. SKOV-3 cancer cell line was much more sensitive to the toxic effect of thymol than carvacrol.

Characterization of silk sutures coated with propolis and biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); an eco-friendly solution with wound healing potential against surgical site infections (SSIs)

Background/aim: Bacterial adherence to a suture material is one of the main causes of surgical site infections. An antibacterial suture material with enhanced wound healing function may protect the surgical site from infections. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of propolis and biogenic metallic nanoparticles when combined with silk sutures for biomedical use. Materials and methods: Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis was carried out via a microbial-mediated biological route and impregnated on propolis-loaded silk sutures using an in situ process. Silk sutures fabricated with propolis and biosynthesized AgNPs (bioAgNP-propolis-coated sutures) were intensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The antibacterial characteristics of the bioAgNP-propolis-coated sutures were evaluated using the agar plate method. The biocompatibility of the bioAgNP-propolis- coated sutures was evaluated using 3T3 fibroblast cells, and their wound-healing potential was also investigated. Results: BioAgNP-propolis-coated sutures displayed potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. BioAgNP-propolis-coated silk sutures were found to be biocompatible with 3T3 fibroblast cell culture. In vitro wound healing scratch assay also demonstrated that the extract of bioAgNP-propolis-coated sutures stimulated the 3T3 fibroblasts' cell proliferation. Conclusion: Coating the silk sutures with propolis and biogenic AgNPs gave an effective antibacterial capacity to surgical sutures besides providing biocompatibility and wound healing activity.

Antimicrobial characteristics and biocompatibility of the surgical sutures coated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles.

Surgical sutures play important role during the wound healing of the surgical sites which are known to be sensitive to microbial infections. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recently used as promising agents against multiple-drug resistant microorganisms. This study was designed to coat the sutures with silver nanoparticles obtained via a green synthesis approach. Microbial-mediated biological synthesis of AgNPs were carried out ecofriendly using Streptomyces sp. AU2 cell-free extract and deposited on silk sutures through an in situ process. Sutures coated with biosyntehsized AgNP (bio-AgNP coated sutures) were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and elemantal analysis were carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The silver amount released by the bio-AgNP coated sutures was calculated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) throughout a degradation process. Antimicrobial potential of the bio-AgNP coated sutures was determined against common pathogenic microorganisms Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To determine the biocompatibility/cytotoxicty of the bio-AgNP coated sutures, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay was used through an indirect test method; that the elutions obtained by the extraction of the sutures at 1, 4, 8 and 10. days and were placed in contact with 3T3 fibroblast cell culture. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report about coating of the nonabsorbable silk sutures with silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using a microbial extract.

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of polyurethane/Hypericum perforatum extract (PHPE) composite.

Microbial accumulation in materials used in sectors such as medical, textile and food can lead to serious diseases, infections and uncontrollable problems. Many of the materials used in the above-mentioned industries have highly sensitive surfaces for microorganisms and cause colonization and biofilm formation. Colonization and biofilm formation threaten human health and they cause many diseases that result in death every year. Antimicrobial materials have an important role in combating pathogens. This article is about a new material with antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties combining polyurethane and Hypericum perforatum extract (PHPE) together. Antimicrobial effect of H. perforatum extract was determined against three clinical pathogens; C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus. The highest antimicrobial activity of H. perforatum extract was found against S. aureus strain. Antibiofilm analysis results revealed that H. perforatum was also inhibited by the biofilm formation of S. aureus by 56.85%. The combination of polyurethane material and H. perforatum extract (PHPE) resulted in 92.85% decrease in S. aureus biofilm compared to control group. The reduction of S. aureus after H. perforatum incorporation was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study. The results show that the polyurethane material combined with H. perforatum extract inhibits the formation of S. aureus biofilm.

Ankaferd Blood Stopper with antibiofilm potential successfully inhibits the extracellular matrix degradation enzymes and promotes wound healing of 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro

Background/aim: The potential inhibitory effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) against biofilm formation of oral microorganisms and its capacity for collagenase, hyaluronidase, and elastase inhibitions that have important roles in wound healing have been investigated. Materials and methods: The wound healing potential was determined by its inhibition ability on collagenase, hyaluronidase, and elastase enzyme activities and was evaluated via scratch wound healing assay on murine 3T3 fibroblasts. The antibiofilm activity was tested against eight oral microorganisms using the crystal violet staining method. Results: At 10% ABS successfully inhibited the biofilm formation of the tested microorganisms. Enzyme inhibition analysis revealed that 3% ABS significantly inhibited all three enzymes related to wound healing. The scratch assay showed that wound closure was faster than that of the control for the 3% ABS/plate. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that ABS has effective wound healing potential with its strong antibiofilm activity against oral cavity microorganisms.

Functional denture soft liner with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Denture soft liners, especially used for elders who have poor disinfection habits, provide a favourable environment for accumulation and colonization of microorganisms. This in vitro study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of natural carvacrol incorporation into soft lining material on the inhibition of oral pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility of carvacrol was primarily determined by disc diffusion method. Soft lining material was prepared as recommended by the manufacturer and 10 µL carvacrol was added aseptically to the soft liner discs. Inhibition zones for the control discs without carvacrol (C) and carvacrol-incorporated discs (CL) were determined by disc diffusion method. The biofilm inhibition percentages of carvacrol on soft liner was determined by MTT assay and also observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Carvacrol displayed great antimicrobial activity for yeast, Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. The highest inhibition zone of carvacrol (41.33 ± 1.53 mm) was measured for Bacillus subtilis strain which is followed by Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguis (34.00 ± 1.73 mm and 32.33 ± 0.58 mm, respectively). The inhibition zones were also similar for soft liner discs with carvacrol, with the highest inhibition zones against B. subtilis, Streptococcus mutans and C. albicans (43.67 ± 0.58 mm, 40.33 ± 0.58 mm and 38.33 ± 1.15 mm, respectively). Incorporation of carvacrol into the soft liner decreased (98.03 ± 0.2%) of the biofilm formation for C. albicans. CONCLUSION: Carvacrol-incorporation obviously decreased the colonization and plaque formation of oral pathogens, especially C. albicans accumulation. Carvacrol may be useful as a promising agent for antibacterial and antifungal management for denture soft lining materials.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Streptomyces griseorubens isolated from Soil and Their Antioxidant Activity.

Microbial mediated biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles was carried out ecofriendly in the present study. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were extracellularly biosynthesised from Streptomyces griseorubens AU2 and extensively characterised by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Elemental analysis of nanoparticles was also carried out using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The biosynthesised AgNPs showed the characteristic absorption spectra in UV-vis at 422 nm which confirmed the presence of metallic AgNPs. According to the further characterisation analysis, the biosynthesised AgNPs were found to be spherical and crystalline particles with 5-20 nm average size. Antioxidant properties of the biosynthesised AgNPs were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and was found to increase in a dose-dependent matter. The identification of the strain was determined by molecular characterisation method using 16s rDNA sequencing. The present study is the first report on the microbial biosynthesis of AgNPs using S. griseorubens isolated from soil and provides that the active biological components found in the cell-free culture supernatant of S. griseorubens AU2 enable the synthesis of AgNPs.