Evaluation of antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects Dovyalis Abyssinica (A.Rich).

Background: The leaves of Dovyalis Abyssinica have been used traditionally for the management of diabetes mellitus. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Dovyalis Abyssinica leaves crude extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods: To Evaluate the Antihyperglycemic, and Antioxidant Effects of Dovyalis Abyssinica Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 100 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, six mice per group. The body weight and FBG measurements were done on days 0, 7th, 14th and 21st of treatment. Additionally, in vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analysed by using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Dovyalis Abyssinica leaves crude extract showed significant (P < 0.05-P< 0.001) blood-glucose-lowering activity. Moreover, the crude extract of D. abyssinica reduced the fasting blood glucose level by 45.13 %, 52.51 %, 54.85 %, and 56.38 %, respectively, for DA 100, DA 200, DA 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 21st day of treatment. After diabetic mice were treated with Dovyalis Abyssinica (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 21 days, there was a significant increase in body weight as compared to diabetic control. Antioxidant activities of the leaf extract was found to be comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 140.04 µg/ml. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that D. abyssinica leaves could be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities related to this metabolic disorder. Thus, the present study may support the traditional use of D. abyssinica for diabetes mellitus treatment.

The role of miRNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of deaths reported in women worldwide, and therefore there is a need to identify BC patients at an early stage as timely diagnosis would help in effective management and appropriate monitoring of patients. This will allow for proper patient monitoring and effective care. However, the absence of a particular biomarker for BC early diagnosis and surveillance makes it difficult to accomplish these objectives. miRNAs have been identified as master regulators of the molecular pathways that are emphasized in various tumors and that lead to the advancement of malignancies. Small, non-coding RNA molecules known as miRNAs target particular mRNAs to control the expression of genes. miRNAs dysregulation has been linked to the start and development of a number of human malignancies, including BC, since there is compelling evidence that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. The current level of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in BC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is presented in this review. miRNAs can regulate the tumorigenesis of BC through targeting PI3K pathway and can be used as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers for BC therapy. Some miRNAs, like miR-9, miR-10b, and miR-17-5p, are becoming known as biomarkers of BC for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome prediction. Other miRNAs, like miR-30c, miR-187, and miR-339-5p, play significant roles in the regulation of hallmark functions of BC, including invasion, metastasis, proliferation, resting death, apoptosis, and genomic instability. Other miRNAs, such as miR-155 and miR-210, are circulating in bodily fluids and are therefore of interest as novel, conveniently accessible, reasonably priced, non-invasive methods for the customized care of patients with BC.

Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders: Narrative Review.

Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets. A ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, moderate-protein diet that induces the production of ketone bodies by mimicking the breakdown of a fasting state. The mechanism behind the ketogenic diet is still unknown, although it obviously helps people with obesity lose weight. Several pathways for the ketogenic diet effect on weight loss have been hypothesized by researchers, including reduced appetite due to effects on appetite control hormones and a possible direct appetite suppressant action of ketone bodies; reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis; greater metabolic efficiency; and increased metabolic costs.

Anti-Diabetic Effects of the 80% Methanolic Extract of Datura Stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice.

Background: Managing diabetes mellitus with currently available drugs is costly, and the chances of side effects are high, leading to further studies for new and better medications from plant sources with the affordable and lower side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 150mg/kg of STZ. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, five mice per group. Group I was a normal control, Group II was Diabetic negative control, group III was Diabetic positive control, Group IV-VI were Diabetic Mice that treated with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. After 14th day of treatment the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Then, blood was drawn by cardiac puncture to assess TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The extract of D. stramonium reduced the FBG level by 19.71%, 30.27%, 40.95%, and 45.67%, respectively, for D. stramonium 100, 200, 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 14th day of treatment. Diabetic mice treated with D. stramonium for 14 days   showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL, and serum TG and a significant increase in body weight, and HDL level as compared to diabetic negative control. Antioxidant activities of the leaves extract were comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 172.79 µg/mL. Conclusion: These findings revealed that the D. stramonium leaves extract possesses significant Anti-diabetic activities.