Significance of salivary poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase in the assessment of age-dependent pathological processes in the oral cavity.

Age-related changes in the oral cavity are accompanied by the development of age-related pathology, such as chronic periodontitis (CP). Although apoptosis plays a certain role in its pathogenesis, this fact, however, has not been evaluated clinically, and the diagnostic information content of biomarkers of apoptosis and aging has not been determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of cleaved poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (cPARP) and caspase-3 (Casp3) in mixed saliva of elderly patients with age-related dental diseases and in mature patients with mild to moderate CP. The study included 69 people. The control group included 22 healthy young volunteers aged 18 to 44 years. The main group included 22 elderly patients aged 60 to 74 years. They were divided into subgroups according to clinical manifestations: occlusion (comparison group), periodontal, and dystrophic syndromes. Additionally, a group of 25 patients of mature age from 45 to 59 years old with mild to moderate CP was analyzed. The content of salivary Casp3 in patients with occlusion syndrome was lower than in healthy young people (p=0.014). In patients with the periodontal syndrome, the content of cPARP was higher than in the comparison group (p=0.031). The group with dystrophic syndrome had the highest level of Casp3 in comparison with the control group and the comparison group (p=0.012, p=0.004, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between patients of different age groups with mild to moderate CP. Evaluation of the correlation between cPARP and Casp3 levels revealed a direct relationship in the group of elderly patients and in patients with mild CP (r=0.69, r=0.81, respectively). We assessed the effect of Casp3 levels on changes in the cPARP levels by means of a simple linear regression analysis. The cPARP level correlated with the content of Casp3 (r²=0.555). According to the results of the ROC analysis, it was found that using the cPARP indicator it would be possible to distinguish between groups of elderly patients with periodontal and occlusion syndromes (AUC=0.71), while using Casp3 it would be possible to distinguish patients with the occlusion syndrome and the control group (AUC=0.78). Since the level of Casp3 in young people is significantly higher than in the elderly patients, its decrease can be considered as a potential salivary biomarker of aging. The level of studied cPARP in the elderly has clinical value in periodontal syndrome and low age dependence.

Age features of buccal epithelium in practically healthy people.

Recently, buccal epithelium has been used to study age-dependent processes. This approach is of particular relevance due to its non-invasiveness. The purpose of this study is to establish the normal values of the buccal cytogram in different age groups, including athletes. 200 practically healthy volunteers of different ages were examined, who were divided into 5 groups in accordance with the WHO age classification. In addition, 125 professional athletes took part in the study. All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination and a standard cytological examination of buccal smears. It has been established that the cytological characteristics of buccal epitheliocytes, indirectly reflecting disorders of the nuclear apparatus of the cell, did not change significantly with age, but there was a certain upward trend in the number of cells with such anomalies (micronucleus, protrusions).The number of binuclear cells and the apoptotic index also slightly increase with age. At the same time, a high positive correlation was found between the apoptosis index and senile age. In young athletes, an increase in the number of buccal epitheliocytes with a perinuclear vacuole (an early sign of cell damage) was foundAnalysis of the cytological examination results of the buccal epithelium in people a slight increase in the level of cytological abnormalities in old age, in particular, signs of apoptosis. In addition, in healthy young athletes (18 years old - 44 years old), an increase in the number of cells with signs of nuclear degradation, which most likely reflects increased mechanical stress on the maxillofacial apparatus during sports activities.

Lactoferrin of oral fluid is normal and in Alzheimer's disease: laboratory and diagnostic aspects (review of literature).

The article discusses the clinical value of determining the lactoferrin protein in oral fluid - one of the representatives of the saliva proteome. The review is based on the analysis of modern literature, including systematic reviews, the results of multicenter prospective studies, review and original articles by leading experts in this field, presented in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka. The problems of the preanalytical stage, methods for determining lactoferrin are highlighted and information about its content in mixed saliva according to various authors is provided. Special attention is paid to the clinical and diagnostic value of the level of salivary lactoferrin in Alzheimer's disease. According to most authors, the diagnostic sensitivity of this parameter ranges from 87 to 100%. Some mechanisms of the relationship between this protein and the central nervous system (CNS) are shown. In conclusion, it is concluded that salivary lactoferrin can be an "indicator" of the formation of amyloid plaques and can be considered as one of the reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. This opinion is based both on fundamental ideas about the global relationship between innate immunity and the central nervous system, and on clinical data. The special advantage of this laboratory test is its non-invasiveness, which makes it more preferable in comparison with the determination of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood.

[A pilot study of cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy]. / Issledovanie tsitokinovogo profilia likvora pri neirotoksicheskikh oslozhneniiakh khimioterapii ostrogo limfoblastnogo leikoza u detei.

In some cases standard chemotherapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) leads to neurotoxicity; its mechanisms, methods of prognosis, and prevention are being actively studied. The aim of this study was to assess the cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with ALL and neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy. This prospective study included 24 children with ALL aged from 3 to 17 years. Patients were further subdivided into ALL patients with (main group) and without neurological complications (comparison group). The level of cytokines in CSF was measured by Xmap technology (Luminex) using Invitrogen test systems (eBioscience) and the Luminex 200 system. The comparative analysis of the cytokine profile in the group of children with chemotherapy-induced neurotoxic complications revealed elevated levels of chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1α) and stem cell factor (SCF). Increased level of these cytokines in CSF was characterized by a relatively risk for development of toxic peripheral neuropathy.

[Aging markers determined in the oral cavity tissue (literature review).]

Aging is closely related to the decline in the function of many organs. The rate of aging of an organism can vary significantly depending on the lifestyle of a particular person, environmental conditions, hereditary factors, etc. For several decades, markers of aging of the human body, reflecting the work of the main organs and systems, have been generally accepted. At the same time, at the present level of development of medical sciences, the study of the genetic component of aging is relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize data related to markers of human aging, determined in substrates of the oral cavity. The search for literary information was carried out on the basis of materials from the RSCI, Pubmed, Cochrane databases. The study included studies of various levels: case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials. As a result of the analysis and systematization of literature data, various genetic markers of aging of oral tissues were identified and described: modification of DNA as a whole, changes in the expression of certain genes (over-or under-expressed). Literature review data suggest that exposure to aging predictors may improve treatment and rehabilitation outcomes for dental patients.

[Use of integral indices in the assessment of bucсal cytology in health and in the oral cavity pathology.]

Cytological analysis of buccal epithelium (BE) - the buccal cytogram allows to select about 20 parameters reflecting cytogenetic, inflammatory, proliferative and other disorders in epithelial cells used for biomonitoring and laboratory diagnostics. In order to simplify and increase the information content of this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of various integral indices when interpreting the buccal cytogram. 40 practically healthy volunteers, 35 patients with chronic periodontitis, 22 patients with chronic gingivitis and 20 patients with partial loss of teeth were examined. The obtained data revealed an increase in the degree of disorders of proliferation and apoptosis, their ratio as the inflammation increased from gingival tissue lesions to inflammation periodontal tissue. In assessing the condition of the mucous membranes in chronic gingivitis, the apoptosis index turned out to be more informative.In chronic periodontitis the index of cytogenetic disorders is indicative. In this category of patients, the accumulation index of cytogenetic disorders did not have any advantages over the others, and the reparative index was less informative.

[Sensitivity and specificity of urinary and serum neurotrophins in the diagnosis of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis].

Lower urinary tract dysfunction is common among neurological patients. Traditionally, the basic method of diagnosis is a complex urodynamic study. In recent years, many studies have focused on the search for new non-invasive diagnostic modalities. In particular, neurotrophins are considered as potential biological markers of a neurogenic bladder. AIM: To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the serum and urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in MS patients as markers of detrusor overactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 20 patients with multiple sclerosis, who complained of voiding problems. The control group consisted of 20 people without neurological diseases, lower urinary tract symptoms and detrusor overactivity estimated by filling cystometry. Apart from standard laboratory tests, diagnostic evaluation included a complex urodynamic study, ultrasound of the urinary tract, cystoscopy, testing serum and urinary NGF and BDNF using the enzyme immunoassay. The diagnostic significance of neurotrophins was evaluated using ROC analysis. RESULTS: According to the ROC analysis, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum NGF as a marker of detrusor hyperactivity was 57% and 93%, respectively (for serum NGF more or equal 26 pg/ml). The quality of the test according to the expert scale of AUC values was "very good" (AUC=0.806). Detecting NGF in patients urine was less effective. The sensitivity and specificity were 52% and 40%, respectively (for NGF more or equal 6 pg/ml). The quality of the test according to the expert scale of AUC values was "average" (AUC=0.64). The serum BDNF demonstrated high sensitivity (90%) and low specificity (23%), AUC=0.56. The urinary BDNF was more informative, (AUC=0.65). The combination of all four markers provides a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 66.7% (AUC=0.824). CONCLUSIONS: Testing serum and urinary neurotrophins in patients with multiple sclerosis can be used to diagnose detrusor overactivity. The NGF is a highly specific biomarker, while the BDNF is highly sensitive. Combined testing for serum NGF and BDNF is most informative.

[Cytological characteristic of the buccal cells in chronic generalized periodontite.]

The research is devoted to the study of the occurrence of abnomal cells in buccal epithelium in patients with chronic generalize periodontitis. Buccal cytograms of 102 patients were examined. It was established that cells with karyopycnosis, karyorexis and karyolysis are a sensitive index of the initial stage (mild severity) in periodontitis. The number of buccal cells with these features was increased in 2.1; 3.0; 13.4 times for chronic generalized periodontitis of mild, moderate and severe degree, respectively. The obtained data shown the accumulation of cytological anomalies (micronucleus, protrusion of the nucleus and other) in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis.

[The serum biomarkers in diagnostic of hypoxic ischemic affection of central nervous system in children.]

The diagnostic of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy of newborns continues to be an actual problem of neonatology. In the course of study healthy children and children with hypoxic ischemic damage of central nervous system were examined. The level of neurotrophic factors in blood was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The study established increasing of activity of neuro-specific enolase (NSE), decreasing of content of brain derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) in serum of children of early age. These laboratory parameters are characterized by multi-directional shifts under the given pathology. The receiver operating characteristic analysis permitted to establish diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity for NSE - 56% and 85% correspondingly and for BDNF - 91% and 46% correspondingly. The level of brain derived neurotrophic growth factor had no significant diagnostic effectiveness. The correlation analysis established no relationships between state of newborn under delivery on Apgar score and level of neurotrophic factors (r<0.3, p>0.05).

[The detection of myeloperoxidase in case of surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease].

The article deals with the assessment of significance of detection of myeloperoxidase in neutrophils to laboratory monitoring of patients conditions under surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease. The analysis of clinical laboratory data of 123 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and stenocardia of functional class II-III was carried out. The activity of myeloperoxidase was detected using the Graham-Knoll cytochemical technique. The decrease of activity of myeloperoxidase of neutrophils under ischemic heart disease was established. The stereotype neutrophils reaction were lacking in patients with cardiac complications after coronary artery bypass grafting.

[Assessment of antiviral immunity in pregnant women with mixed infection (HIV + CMV), living in Surgut].

Concomitant cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI), a classical opportunistic infection, is an important problem among HIV-infection pregnant women. CMVI in pregnant women runs mainly in the latent form with reactivation under physiological immunosuppression. Therefore the evaluation of immunoresponsiveness in HIV-infected pregnant women with mixed (HIV + CMV) infection becomes to be of particular urgency. Sixty-five women who were registered in the antenatal clinic of Surgut and its anti-AIDS center in 2005-2007 were examined. The examinees' sera were tested for CMV antibody titers by heterogenous solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the moment of infection and differentiation of primary infection, reinfection, or infectious process reactivation. Assay of plasma CMV DNA was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction technique to evaluate the activity of CMVI. The high spread of serological CMVI markers in the pregnant women of the Middle Ob Region necessitates monitoring this group, by obligatorily determining IgM, IgG, and their avidity.

[Influence of granulocytic colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on reparative osteogenesis].

The effect of recombinant G-CSF (50 mg/day for 3 days) on reparative osteogenesis in rats was studied on the model of induced osteogenesis after resection of a tibial fragment resection. Reparative processes in the bone tissue were estimated by histological picture and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. The conclusion is made that G-CSF inhibits reparative osteogenesis.

[Diagnostic role of different immunologic methods for laboratory diagnostics of legionellosis].

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of diagnostic value of different laboratoty methods conducted on the basis of results of examination of patients during Legionnaires' disease outbreak in town Verkhnyaya Pyshma. Retrospective analysis of laboratory data from 74 patients with diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease was performed. Complex of laboratory methods was used (polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunochromatography). In group of patients with Legionnaires' disease, the highest proportion of positive results (73%) was obtained by the EIA determining total specific antibodies in urine. Determination of antigen in urine by immunochromatographic express-test yielded 52% of positive results. PCR testing of blood specimens yielded positive results in 65% of samples but was low specific, due to that in 19% of patients from control group false-positive results were obtained. Testing of 3 autopsy samples showed that all specimens contained DNA of the causative agent. Performed analysis allowed to recommend complex use of immunochromatographic express-test of antigen detection and identification of total specific antibodies by EIA during mass people examination.

[The specific features of pleural effusions in hemoblastosis].

Pleural fluid (PF) was studied in 18 patients with lymph proliferative diseases and in 12 patients with tumor pleurisy (ovarian cancer metastases, undifferentiated squamous-cell carcinoma of the main bronchus). Along with the conventional tests adopted for the laboratory diagnosis of PF, the levels of acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulins, ceruloplasmin, and albumin) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured. The conducted analysis revealed no specific signs for exudative fluid in hemoblastoses or pleural cancer, except for an increase in the CRP/TNF-alpha ratio.

[The clinical assessment of immunological tests in hip replacement].

The reaction of organism to hip replacement was studied in 75 patients. The reaction developed in response to operative intervention either immediately after the operation (within 1-3 months) or to the beginning of the active functioning of the artificial joint (from the 6th month after operation). The development of complications after implantation of the endoprosthesis was followed by certain shifts of immunological indices. Prognostic criteria of the development of the implant instability before operation were a reduced level of immunoglobulin G and higher concentration of immunoglobulin E, in the long term period they are an increased level of IL-1 and of the content of cytoplasm cationic proteins of neutrophils.

[Significance of biochemical tests in the diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis C].

The purpose of the investigation was to study whether there was a correlation between the laboratory parameters and the pathomorphological pattern of a liver biopsy specimen in chronic viral hepatitis C. Analysis of the results of studies (general clinical blood analysis, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, serum immunoglobulins, and a study of liver biopsy specimens) led to the conclusion that there was a correlation between the level of the enzymes and the histological liver tissue sclerosis index. There was no correlation with the histological activity index. Based on the statistical analysis, the authors defined the threshold points for ALT (over 122 U/l, diagnostic efficiency 72%) and ACT (over 48 U/l, diagnostic efficiency 81%), indicating the stage of disease, which had a histological sclerosis index of more than 1.