[Effect of Eleutherococcus on the functional status of the anticoagulation system in older animals]. / Vliianie éleuterokokka na funktsional'noe sostoianie protivosvertyvaiushchei sistemy starykh zhivotnykh.

Administration of Eleutherococcus to albino rats (18-20-month age) per os daily for 30 days activated the anticoagulating system and protected the animals from thrombogeneration induced with i.v. administration of tissue thromboplastine. The effect of the adaptogen was more obvious after 60-day treatment.

[Decreased sensitivity to the hypoglycemic action of insulin in animals with a lowered blood heparin concentration]. / Snizhenie chuvstvitel'nosti k gipoglikemicheskomu deistviiu insulina u zhivotnykh s ponizhennoi kontsentratsiei geparina v krovi.

It has been shown that in animals with reduced heparin blood concentration the hypoglycemic insulin action was considerably low. This was established for rats with alloxan diabetes and ageing rats with depressed anticoagulation system and atherosclerosis enhanced by prolonged atherogenic diet. With insulin injection (0.2-0.3 U/200 g), blood sugar concentration in such animals was 2-2.5 times lower than in normal ones. The compensation of endogenous heparin deficiency by an intravenous injection of heparin normalizes the reaction of animals to exogenous insulin.

[Mast cell population in rats with experimental atherosclerosis]. / Sostoianie populiatsii tuchnykh kletok krys pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Mast cell population was studied in rats with experimental atherosclerosis. It has been established that animals kept for 8 months on atherogenic diet revealed marked changes in mast cell population. Predominance of light cells and cell defects were noted. Heparin saturation index was reduced (0.35), as compared to the control (3.9). Stimulation of anticoagulation system by DIP-alpha-thrombin in such animals revealed no heparin in the blood. Mast cell subpopulation was characterized by light cell predominance and low heparin saturation index. The nature of cell degradation remained unchanged. The data obtained indicate the defects in mast cell pool in animals with experimental atherosclerosis.

[Changes in the structures of the cerebral cortex in experimental atherosclerosis with and without exposure to sound]. / Izmeneniia struktur kory mozga pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze i ego sochetanii s deistviem zvuka.

Albino rats fed an atherogenic diet for 3 months developed a marked depression of the anti-coagulation system of blood. The acoustic and sensomotor cortex showed dystrophic changes in the cortical structures, as well as signs of the reparative nature. Sound stimulation in the presence of atherosclerosis increased fibrinolytic activity and decreased heparin tolerance of blood plasma in animals sensitive to acoustic exposure and led to a greater severity and dissemination of dystrophic and destructive changes in the cortical structures, particularly in animals with convulsive seizures.

[Dependence of the blood plasma activity of the diabetogenic factor in animals on the functional depression of the anticoagulating system induced by an atherogenic diet]. / Zavisimost' aktivnosti diabetogennogo faktora plazmy krovi zhivotnykh ot vyzvannoi aterogennym ratsionom depressii funktsii protivosvertyvaiushchei sistemy.

It has been found that in blood plasma of rats keeping on an atherogenic diet for a long time the diabetogenic factor activity appears. The direct dependence between the level of the diabetogenic factor activity and the degree of the anticoagulating system depression caused by long keeping of the animals on the atherogenic diet has been revealed.

[Antithrombin III activity in long-developing hypercoagulation in animals]. / Aktivnost' antitrombina III pri dlitel'no razvivaiushcheisia giperkoaguliatsii v organizme zhivotnykh.

Old rats aged 12-18 months and rats kept on an atherogenic diet for 3.5 months demonstrate high blood antithrombin III content at the initial period of the development of anticoagulation function suppression and of hypercoagulation. During long-developing hypercoagulation, the high content of antithrombin III might be regarded as compensatory reaction interfering with formation in the blood of thrombin microamounts. With hypercoagulation becoming more pronounced and with a further increase of blood thrombin concentration the content of antithrombin III progressively descends, which is accompanied by steady development of anticoagulation function suppression.

[Role of heparin in the realization of the hypoglycemic action of insulin]. / Rol' geparina v osushchestvlenii gipoglikemicheskogo deistviia insulina.

The presence of reactive heparin in blood circulation is necessary for realization of the hypoglycemic action of insulin. This is confirmed by the fact that after heparin binding by protamin sulfate both endogenous and exogenous insulin do not exhibit any hypoglycemic activity. In animals with different basal concentration of heparin in the blood, the blockade of insulin action is attained by application of different doses of protamin sulfate, respectively. Based on the data obtained one can determine an approximate blood heparin concentration necessary for realization of the hypoglycemic action of insulin.

[Age-related characteristics of the manifestation of the diabetogenic factor in the blood of animals maintained on natural and atherogenic diets]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti poiavleniia diabetogennogo faktora v krovi zhivotnykh, soderzhashchikhsia na estestvennom i aterogennom ratsionakh.

The diabetogenic activity was studied in the blood plasma of rats of different age, kept on the natural and atherogenic diet. The relationship between the diabetogenic factor presence and functional condition of the anticoagulating system was investigated. The plasma of rat donors, examined for the presence of diabetogenic factor in their blood, was transfused to normal rat recipients (three transfusions of 1 ml per 200 g body weight daily). The activity of diabetogenic factor was determined according to a hyperglycemia degree in the blood of normal rat recipients. It was found that the blood plasma of old animals, kept on the natural diet, contains heparin-neutralizing diabetogenic factor. In middle-aged animals, kept on the atherogenic diet for a long time, the arising of more active diabetogenic factor in the blood is accelerated. The degree of the diabetogenic effect development in animal donors is directly dependent on their age and the function depression extent of the second anticoagulative system.

[Nutrition--a factor in preventing arteriosclerosis, coronary disease and blood coagulation disorders. II. The effect of nutritional imbalance on atherogenesis and the blood coagulation system]. / Pitanie--faktor profilaktiki ateroskleroza, koronarnoi bolezni i narusheniia sistemy svertyvaniia krovi. II. Vliianie alimentarnogo disbalansa na aterogenez i sistemu svertyvaniia krovi.

The presented data show that nourishment balanced with respect to fats, carbohydrates, proteins and also containing the necessary vitamins, mineral, salts and microelements is an effective way of prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications as well as of restoration and preservation of the function of anticoagulative system when its failure is caused by disbalanced food.

[Nutrition--a factor in preventing arteriosclerosis, coronary disease and disorders of the blood coagulation system. I. An imbalance in food fats and carbohydrates and atherogenesis]. / Pitanie--faktor profilaktiki ateroskleroza, koronarnoi bolezni i narusheniia sistemy svertyvaniia krovi. I. Disbalans zhirov i uglevodov pishchi i aterogenez.

The analysis of the literary data and the results of own research testifies that the lipids and carbohydrates metabolism disturbance in food is one of the decisive factors of pathogenetic arteriosclerosis and coronary disease. A long balanced diet in particular in fats and carbohydrates favours the normalization of the metabolic processes in stabilization of the organism.

[Effect of multiple intravenous injections of heparin on the content of antithrombin III in healthy animals and experimental atherosclerosis]. / Vliianie mnogokratnykh vnutrivennykh in"ektsii geparina na soderzhanie antitrombina III u zhivotnykh v norme i pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Content of antithrombin III in blood was decreased by 30-40% as compared with the initial level after eight intravenous injections of heparin (40 IU/200 g of body mass) into healthy rats and into animals with experimental atherosclerosis. The maximal decrease of antithrombin III content was found within 30 min after the last administration of heparin in circulation. Normalization of the antithrombin III occurred within 1.5-4 hrs after the heparin administration. Decrease in the content of antithrombin III after the heparin administration was accompanied by elevation in total fibrinolytic activity and in nonenzymatic fibrinolysis, thus indicating apparently the transient formation of heparin-blood proteins complexes including antithrombin III.

[Changes in the lipolytic enzymatic activity of the blood in rats maintained on an atherogenic diet]. / Izmenenie aktivonosti lipoliticheskikh fermentov v plazme krovi krys pri soderzhanii ikh na aterogennom ratsione.

The paper discusses changes in the activity of lipolytic enzymes in blood plasma of rats before and after heparin administration in the course of experimental atherosclerosis development. This development was shown to be characterized by an abrupt rise of preheparin plasma level (comparatively to normal) and of monoacylglycerolipase and tributyrinase activity, with this rise being unchanged throughout the experiment. An increase in the postheparin plasma activity of heparin-dependent lipolytic enzymes, lipoprotein lipase, triacylglycerolipase, monoacylglycerolipase, and tributyrinase was seen only in the initial stage of the disease. After 30-40 weeks the activity of the enzymes was below normal. It is concluded that the increased activity of lipoproteid lipase and triacylglycerolipase is related to their activation in the blood channel.

[Penetration of the heparin-thromboplastin complex into brain tissues after administration of the complex into healthy animals and into animals with the prethrombotic state caused by atherogenic diet]. / Proniknovenie kompleksa geparin--tromboplastin v tkani mozga pri ego vvededii v organizm zdorovykh zhivotnykh i zhivotnykh, nakhodiashchikhsia v predtromboticheskom sostoianii, vyzvannom aterogennoi dietoi.

The possibility of heparin penetration into brain cells was shown. The penetration occurred apparently in the form of heparin complexes with thromboplastin. The intensity of penetration depended on the functional state of the anticoagulation system. Accumulation of 35S-heparin and of its complex with thromboplastin was distinctly limited in brain tissue of animals with depression of the anticoagulation system followed the long-term maintaining of the animals on an atherogenic diet.

[Distribution of heparin and its complex compounds in the tissues of animals maintained on an atherogenic diet following intravenous administration of a thromboplastin-heparin complex]. / Raspredelenie geparina i ego kompleksnykh soedinenii v tkaniakh zhivotnykh, soderzhavshikhsia na aterogennoi na aterogennoi diete, pri vnutrivennom vvedenii im kompleksa tromboplastin-geparin.

After intravenous infusion of the thromboplastin-35- S-heparin complex into rats, maintained on the atherogenic diet within a prolonged period, distribution of the label in the animal tissues and its clearance were studied; total and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activities were estimated. Inhibition of functions of the anticoagulation system, caused by long-term atherogenic diet in the animals, led to inhibition of the initial steps of heparin clearance as well as to alteration of the glycosaminoglycan distribution in various tissues. At the same time, formation and accumulation of heparin complexes as well as the non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity were decreased in some tissues.

[Comparative study of the duration of action of heparin--thromboplastin complex in the bodies of animals maintained on natural and atherogenic diets]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie prodol'zhitel'nosti deistviia kompleksa geparin--tromboplastin v organizme zhivotnykh, soderzhavshikhsia na estestvennom i aterogennom ratsionakh.

Within 10 min after single intravenous administration of the heparin-thromboplastin complex into animals, kept on natural and atherogenic diets, the total fibrinolytic activity and the non-enzymatic fibrinolysis were increased in blood plasma, which maintained within 60 min after the complex administration. Within 90 min of the experiment the non-enzymatic fibrinolysis was decreased in blood plasma of both groups and the activity reached the initial level within 120 min after the treatment. The increase in the total and non-enzymatic fibrinolysis was distinctly higher in controls as compared with animals kept on atherogenic diet. Within 60 min after administration of the heparin-thromboplastin complex physiological solvents of the unstabilized fibrin were found in liver and lung tissues of control animals as well as in lung and heart tissues of animals kept on the atherogenic diet.

[Antithrombin III level on the intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin and heparin to rats with depressed blood anticoagulating system function due to an atherogenic diet]. / Uroven' antitrombina III pri vnutrivennoi in''ektsii tkanevogo tromboplastina i geparina u krys s depressiei funktsii protivosvertyvaiushchei sistemy krovi, vyzvaemoi aterogennoi dietoi.

Rats with depressed function of the blood anticoagulation system due to an atherogenic diet had a slightly reduced level of antithrombin III by the sixth month of the diet as compared to the indices of control animals. Intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin revealed delayed and incomplete binding of thrombin by antithrombin III in the experimental animals, which was characterized by only an insignificant decrease in the level of the inhibitor as compared to its change in control animals kept under similar experimental conditions. Preliminary intravenous injection of small doses of heparin into animals with depressed function of the anticoagulation system and low level of heparin in blood stimulates and promotes the binding of thrombin by antithrombin III under conditions of increased thrombinogenesis following intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin.

[Epileptic seizures in experimental atherosclerosis]. / Epilepticheskie pripadki pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Case histories of 900 patients suffering from cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed. In 25 of them (2.8%) the disease got complicated with epileptic seizures. In 142 albino rats over 2 years of the age, both "sensitive" and "insensitive" to acoustic stimuli experimental atherosclerosis was induced by their long-time (for 3 to 5 months) keeping on Wilgram's atherogenic diet. As a result of the experiment it has been found that the atherogenic diet was conducive to development of hypercholesterolemia and depression of the blood anticoagulation system. As early as a month after the beginning of the diet application substantial shifts in the function of the central nervous system set in. These shifts were characterized by a shortening of the latent period of the reaction and the seizure and an intensification of the latter. The atherogenic diet led to development of audiogenic seizures in rats formerly insensitive to acoustic stimuli. Transfer of the animals to a cholesterol-free ration resulted in normalization of the blood anticoagulation system in 2 to 3 months. Within the same period the basic indices of the audiogenic reaction got normal, and the intensity of the epileptic seizures decreased.