RESUMO
Cigarette smoking remains an important public health concern, and novel smoking cessation interventions are needed. Craving for cigarettes is a well-established target for intervention. Recent research has identified cognitive processes associated with craving, such as attentional bias to smoking cues, as targets for intervention. One intervention that may be effective in reducing attentional bias is hypnotic suggestion. Using a counterbalanced within-subjects design in a sample of active smokers (N = 33), this laboratory study examined if hypnotic suggestion can modify attention, assessed by the classic and smoking Stroop tasks, and craving. Hypnotic susceptibility was assessed using the Stanford Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. There was no evidence that hypnotic susceptibility moderated the effect of hypnotic suggestion on the classic or smoking Stroop effects. However, hypnotic susceptibility did moderate the effect of hypnotic suggestion on craving, such that hypnotic suggestion reduced craving in individuals with high levels of susceptibility. Further research into the mechanisms by which hypnotic suggestion reduces craving is warranted.
RESUMO
It is well documented that residency-trained family physicians can effectively manage the majority of nonsurgical acute orthopedic injuries with a relatively small rate of consultation. The frequency of both fracture location and orthopedic review in our series are remarkably similar to the study from NRMC Charleston reported in 1981. Our program, however, is unique because of the comprehensive management, 3-year continuous training, and multidimensional educational experience. A critical element to the program is the excellent working relationship shared by the family practice and orthopedic departments. A clinic similar to the Davis Grant USAF Medical Center cast clinic could be implemented easily and would better train the family practice resident to manage nonsurgical orthopedic trauma.
