Control del paciente diabético en Atención Primaria: influencia de cartera de servicios y otros factores / Diabetic patient control in Primary Care: Influence of service portfolio and other factors

OBJETIVO: Estudiar el efecto del tipo de seguimiento según la cartera de servicios y de otros factores asociados en la disminución de las cifras de HbA1c en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, nuevo diagnóstico y con mal control inicial. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional analítico de una cohorte en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. EMPLAZAMIENTO: 262 centros de salud de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Participantes: 1838 personas mayores de 18 años con nuevo diagnóstico de diabetes y cifras de HbA1c inicial ≥ 7% o ≥ 8,5% si tienen más de 75 años. Intervenciones: La variable exposición fue el tipo de seguimiento según la cartera, categorizado en mínimo, medio y óptimo, según el número de intervenciones realizadas y periodicidad por tipo de plan terapéutico-farmacológico. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Se estudiaron comorbilidad, plan terapéutico-farmacológico, consejos dieta y ejercicio, índice de privación. La variable resultado principal fue la diferencia entre la HbA1c final e inicial. RESULTADOS: Tras 2 años de seguimiento se produjo una disminución media de la HbA1c de -1,7 puntos porcentuales (IC del 95%: -1,6; -1,8), siendo 0,39 puntos mayor en los pacientes con tipo de seguimiento óptimo: -2,1 (IC del 95%: -1,7; -2,4). Los factores asociados a la disminución fueron: tipo de seguimiento óptimo -0,29 (IC del 95%: -0,5; -0,1) y medio -0,26 (IC del 95%: -0,5; -0,0), y valor de la HbA1c inicial -0,9 (IC del 95%: -0,9; -0,9) y los factores asociados al aumento: tratamiento con insulina y vivir en zonas socialmente desfavorecidas. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de diabetes en los que se realiza un seguimiento óptimo según la cartera de servicios mejoran el control glucémico

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the type of follow-up according to Service Portfolio and other associated factors, in the reduction of HbA1c levels in people with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and poor initial control. DESIGN: Analytical observational study of a cohort under routine clinical practice conditions. Location: 262 Primary Health Care Centres in Madrid. PARTICIPANTS: 1,838 individuals older than 18 years with a new diagnosis of type 2 DM and initial HbA1c levels ≥ 7%, or ≥ 8.5% if older than 75 years. Interventions: The exposure variable was the type of follow-up according to Portfolio, categorised as minimum, medium, and optimal, according to the number of interventions performed and periodicity of type of therapeutic-pharmacological plan. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: A study was made of the comorbidity, therapeutic-pharmacological plan, diet - exercise advice and deprivation index. The main outcome was the difference between the final and initial HbA1c. RESULTS: After 2 years of follow-up there was a mean decrease in HbA1c by -1.7 percentage points (95% CI: -1.6;-1.8), which was 0.36 points higher in patients with optimal follow-up: -2.1 (95% CI: -1.7;-2.4). The factors associated with a decrease in HbA1c were the optimal follow-up -0.29 (95% CI: -0.5;-0.1), the medium follow-up -0.26 (95% CI: -0.5; -0.0), and the initial HbA1c value -0.9 (95% CI: -0.9; -0.9. The factors associated with the increase were insulin treatment and living in socially disadvantaged areas. CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control was improved in patients with a new diagnosis of diabetes in which optimal follow-up is performed as proposed in the Service Portfolio

[Diabetic patient control in Primary Care: Influence of service portfolio and other factors]. / Control del paciente diabético en Atención Primaria: influencia de cartera de servicios y otros factores.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the type of follow-up according to Service Portfolio and other associated factors, in the reduction of HbA1c levels in people with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and poor initial control. DESIGN: Analytical observational study of a cohort under routine clinical practice conditions. LOCATION: 262 Primary Health Care Centres in Madrid. PARTICIPANTS: 1,838 individuals older than 18 years with a new diagnosis of type 2 DM and initial HbA1c levels ≥ 7%, or ≥ 8.5% if older than 75 years. INTERVENTIONS: The exposure variable was the type of follow-up according to Portfolio, categorised as minimum, medium, and optimal, according to the number of interventions performed and periodicity of type of therapeutic-pharmacological plan. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: A study was made of the comorbidity, therapeutic-pharmacological plan, diet - exercise advice and deprivation index. The main outcome was the difference between the final and initial HbA1c. RESULTS: After 2 years of follow-up there was a mean decrease in HbA1c by -1.7 percentage points (95% CI: -1.6;-1.8), which was 0.36 points higher in patients with optimal follow-up: -2.1 (95% CI: -1.7;-2.4). The factors associated with a decrease in HbA1c were the optimal follow-up -0.29 (95% CI: -0.5;-0.1), the medium follow-up -0.26 (95% CI: -0.5; -0.0), and the initial HbA1c value -0.9 (95% CI: -0.9; -0.9. The factors associated with the increase were insulin treatment and living in socially disadvantaged areas. CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control was improved in patients with a new diagnosis of diabetes in which optimal follow-up is performed as proposed in the Service Portfolio.

Effectiveness of a virtual intervention for primary healthcare professionals aimed at improving attitudes towards the empowerment of patients with chronic diseases: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (e-MPODERA project).

BACKGROUND: Communities of practice are based on the idea that learning involves a group of people exchanging experiences and knowledge. The e-MPODERA project aims to assess the effectiveness of a virtual community of practice aimed at improving primary healthcare professional attitudes to the empowerment of patients with chronic diseases. METHODS: This paper describes the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. We will randomly assign 18 primary-care practices per participating region of Spain (Catalonia, Madrid and Canary Islands) to a virtual community of practice or to usual training. The primary-care practice will be the randomization unit and the primary healthcare professional will be the unit of analysis. We will need a sample of 270 primary healthcare professionals (general practitioners and nurses) and 1382 patients. We will perform randomization after professionals and patients are selected. We will ask the intervention group to participate for 12 months in a virtual community of practice based on a web 2.0 platform. We will measure the primary outcome using the Patient-Provider Orientation Scale questionnaire administered at baseline and after 12 months. Secondary outcomes will be the sociodemographic characteristics of health professionals, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients, the Patient Activation Measure questionnaire for patient activation and outcomes regarding use of the virtual community of practice. We will calculate a linear mixed-effects regression to estimate the effect of participating in the virtual community of practice. DISCUSSION: This cluster randomized controlled trial will show whether a virtual intervention for primary healthcare professionals improves attitudes to the empowerment of patients with chronic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClicalTrials.gov, NCT02757781 . Registered on 25 April 2016. Protocol Version. PI15.01 22 January 2016.