RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clinical prediction models (CPM), such as the SCOAP-CERTAIN tool, can be utilized to enhance decision-making for lumbar spinal fusion surgery by providing quantitative estimates of outcomes, aiding surgeons in assessing potential benefits and risks for each individual patient. External validation is crucial in CPM to assess generalizability beyond the initial dataset. This ensures performance in diverse populations, reliability and real-world applicability of the results. Therefore, we externally validated the tool for predictability of improvement in oswestry disability index (ODI), back and leg pain (BP, LP). METHODS: Prospective and retrospective data from multicenter registry was obtained. As outcome measure minimum clinically important change was chosen for ODI with ≥ 15-point and ≥ 2-point reduction for numeric rating scales (NRS) for BP and LP 12 months after lumbar fusion for degenerative disease. We externally validate this tool by calculating discrimination and calibration metrics such as intercept, slope, Brier Score, expected/observed ratio, Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL), AUC, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: We included 1115 patients, average age 60.8 ± 12.5 years. For 12-month ODI, area-under-the-curve (AUC) was 0.70, the calibration intercept and slope were 1.01 and 0.84, respectively. For NRS BP, AUC was 0.72, with calibration intercept of 0.97 and slope of 0.87. For NRS LP, AUC was 0.70, with calibration intercept of 0.04 and slope of 0.72. Sensitivity ranged from 0.63 to 0.96, while specificity ranged from 0.15 to 0.68. Lack of fit was found for all three models based on HL testing. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing data from a multinational registry, we externally validate the SCOAP-CERTAIN prediction tool. The model demonstrated fair discrimination and calibration of predicted probabilities, necessitating caution in applying it in clinical practice. We suggest that future CPMs focus on predicting longer-term prognosis for this patient population, emphasizing the significance of robust calibration and thorough reporting.
RESUMO
Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 (ER-IgG4) es un trastorno sistémico autoinmune caracterizado por la infiltración tisular por células plasmáticas positivas para IgG4, aparición de fibrosis y disfunción orgánica. Puede dar afectación a muchos niveles del organismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las posibles manifestaciones de esta enfermedad a nivel laríngeo. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica publicada entre 2003 y abril de 2021, en busca de los casos descritos de ER-IgG4 con afectación laríngea. La búsqueda se realizó a través de las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus. Se seleccionaron 23 casos, todos ellos con demostración histológica de la enfermedad a ese nivel. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes eran varones, con edades comprendidas entre los 41 y los 60 años. Las lesiones a nivel de la laringe mayoritarimaente tenían un aspecto pseudotumor. La zona de aparición preferente de estas fue la supraglotis. Con tratamiento corticoideo los pacientes suelen evolucionar favorablemente. Sin embargo, gran parte de estos sufrió importantes retrasos en el diagnóstico, así como cirugías agresivas. Conclusiones: La afectación laríngea es infrecuente en la ER-IgG4. Se debe tener en mente esta entidad ante lesiones pseudotumorales con biopsias negativas para malingnidad, dado que un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento adecuado son efectivos para prevenir secuelas importantes a largo plazo. (AU)
Introduction and objectives: IgG4-Related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by tissue infiltration with IgG4-secreting plasma cells, fibrosis and organic disfunc-tion. It can involve multiple sites. The objectives in this article are to identify the laryngeal involvement of this disease. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by collecting the literature published between 2003 and February 2021, seeking for case reports of IgG4-RD with laryngeal involvement. The bibliographic databases utilized were Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus. 22 cases were selected, all of them including histological findings in the larynx. Results: Most of the patients were male, between 41 and 60 years old. The most common laryngeal manifestations were pseudotumoral neoformations. The supraglottis was the area were most of these lesions appeared. In this disease the standard treatment involves glucocorticoids, often with an optimal clinical response. However, a great part of the patients included in the review got a delayed diagnosis, some of them leading to aggressive surgical procedures. Conclusions: Laryngeal mani-festations in the IgG4-Related disease are unusual. That ́s why it should be considered when considering the differential diagnosis of malignant tumors. This is an illness that needs to be suspected in some cases, to ensure a prompt diagnosis and a proper treatment, thus avoiding long-term sequelae. (AU)
