[The effect of air pollution factors on the frequency of acute laryngotracheitis in children]. / Vliv nekterých faktoru znecistení ovzdusí na frekvenci akutní laryngotracheitidy u detí.

The authors investigated 325 children with acute laryngotracheitis. The frequency of the disease in 1986 was correlated with the three most frequent factors of atmospheric contamination, dust, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The author found a significant increase of the morbidity from laryngotracheitis in conjunction with a greater contamination of the atmosphere.

[Etiology of congenital hearing disorders in children]. / K otázce etiologie vrozeného postizení sluchu u detí.

The author analyzes factors which may play a part in the aetiology of severe congenital bilateral perception deafness--practically complete deafness--in children. The group of patients comprises 177 deaf children, 135 siblings with normal hearing and 70 deaf parents and other relatives. Pathological factors during pregnancy were detected in 20, perinatal and neonatal pathology in 32 instances. If the anamnestically detected risk factors in the aetiology of the hearing deficit played a part, theoretically by their elimination a considerable proportion of the congenital hearing affections in children could be prevented. The author emphasizes the necessity of collaboration with a geneticist in the prevention of inborn hereditary deafness.

[Injuries of the nose in neonates]. / Urazy nosu u novorozencu.

In 1000 healthy born neonates the nose and nasal septum were examined with special attention to injuries. Three types traumatic deformities of the nose and nasal septum were detected. The most frequent type were so-called flattened noses which, however, did not require treatment. More serious were subluxations of the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum or combined deformities in view of possible late sequelae. The authors emphasize the necessity of early diagnosis and early treatment which can be ensured only by close collaboration of the neonatologist and otolaryngologist.

[Reaction of the trachea after long-term presence of a tracheostomy cannula in an experiment]. / Reakce prudusnice na dlouhodobou prítomnost tracheostomické kanyly v experimentu.

The authors investigated in two groups of animals (rabbits, goats) the influence of the prolonged presence of a cannula in the trachea. The greatest differences were found in all groups of animals in the area of the stoma. In rabbits with the period of cannulation the originally slightly suppurative inflammation of the wall and adventitia changed gradually into a non-suppurative inflammation which reduced and disappeared at the end of the experiment. In the group of goats the proliferative exudative inflammation near the stoma with a predominance of leucocytes persisted, while in a more peripheral direction from the stoma the inflammation became non-suppurative with a predominance of mononuclear cells. The prolonged presence of a plastic cannula without a cuff thus did not induce a situation leading to permanent anatomical stenosis.

[Changes in cellular immunity in children with acute laryngitis]. / Zmeny v bunecné imunite u detí s akutní laryngitidou.

In 46 children with acute laryngitis the authors tested the state of cellular immunity in the acute stage and repeatedly during controls after 1-3-month intervals. They assessed the number of total T lymphocytes and active T lymphocytes, the number of B lymphocytes and by means of the test of blastic transformation they obtained information on the functional fitness of the T lymphocyte population. They revealed important changes in the state of the T lymphocyte population, i.e. quantitative as well as functional changes which persisted in 80% of the children 1 and a half months after the acute state. This finding must be considered the consequence of viral infection potentiated by corticoids which may be the cause of prolonged morbidity of these children. It is not advisable to admit these children to child communities. In case of repeated respiratory diseases it is recommended to make an immunological examination and apply immunomodulating therapy in immunodeficiencies.