An Epistolary Conversation.

This written exchange is between a senior and a younger Jungian analyst on issues relevant to the development of analytical psychology throughout the world today. The younger analyst, Stefano Carpani, considers himself a neo-Jungian. He explains to John Beebe, known for post-Jungian contributions to the study of typology, integrity, and gender, how important it is to include sociological perspectives alongside those that stem from the Jungian practice of relational psychoanalysis. The degree to which analysis has become an extended meditation on the relation of individual self-exploration to supra-personal Self-realization is emphasized by both authors, who envision this introspection leading to an expanded inner openness that Carpani has called "absolute freedom." The authors conclude that absolute freedom is a space of engaged reflection that can permit an informed but individualized approach to the complexities of the world soul today.

Il s'agit d'un échange par écrit entre deux analystes jungiens - l'un plus agé, l'autre plus jeune - sur des questions concernant le développement actuel de la psychologie analytique à travers le monde. L'analyste plus jeune, Stefano Carpani, se considère comme un néo-jungien. Il explique à John Beebe - qui est connu pour ses contributions post- jungiennes à l'étude de la typologie, de l'intégrité et du genre - à quel point il est important d'inclure des perspectives sociologiques aux côtés de celles qui découlent de la pratique jungienne de la psychanalyse relationnelle. Les deux auteurs insistent sur le degré auquel l'analyse est devenue une méditation prolongée concernant la relation entre l'exploration individuelle de soi et une réalisation supra-personnelle du Soi. Ils envisagent que cette introspection mène à une ouverture intérieure élargie que Carpani a appelée « liberté absolue ¼. Les auteurs concluent que la liberté absolue est un espace de réflexion engagée qui peut permettre une approche éclairée mais individualisée des complexités de l'âme du monde aujourd'hui.

Este intercambio escrito es entre un analista junguiano senior y otro más joven sobre temas relevantes para el desarrollo de la psicología analítica en el mundo actual. El analista más joven, Stefano Carpani, se considera neo-jungiano. Explica a John Beebe, conocido por sus contribuciones postjungianas al estudio de la tipología, la integridad y el género, lo importante que es incluir perspectivas sociológicas junto a las que se derivan de la práctica junguiana del psicoanálisis relacional. Ambos autores enfatizan el grado en que el análisis devino en una prolongada meditación en la relación entre la exploración individual del self y la realización suprapersonal del Self, y visualizan como esta introspección conduce a una expansiva apertura interior que Carpani ha llamado "libertad absoluta". Los autores concluyen que la libertad absoluta es un espacio de reflexión comprometida que puede permitir una aproximación fundamentada y singular a las complejidades del alma del mundo actual.

The transcendent function in Spitteler's Prometheus and Epimetheus.

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.

En août 2020, John Beebe et Steve Myers se sont rencontrés par Zoom pour échanger sur leurs interprétations différentes de la typologie jungienne et les différentes sources dans les écrits de Jung qui ont influencé leurs livres: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe) et Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). Leur discussion a porté sur le poème épique de Spitteler Prométhée et Epiméthée, qui constitue la base du chapitre V de Types Psychologiques. C'est à la fois le chapitre le plus long et l'un des deux chapitres à propos duquel Jung a souligné, dans sa préface argentine, qu'il contient l'essence du livre. Le livre de Jung concerne principalement la transformation de la personnalité plutôt que la catégorisation des individus. Bien qu'il contienne une psychologie critique qui déconstruit la nature de la conscience, cela ne constitue qu'une moitié du livre et un tremplin vers l'autre moitié, qui est la réconciliation des opposés avec un accent particulier sur la relation entre la conscience et l'inconscient. Jung supposait que les lecteurs connaissent déjà Prométhée et Epiméthée, dont la compréhension éclaire la nature de la transformation que Jung décrit: l'élaboration d'une nouvelle attitude envers l'attitude elle-même.

En agosto 2020, John Beebe y Steve Myers se encontraron vía zoom a discutir acerca de sus diferentes interpretaciones de la tipología psicológica y de las diversas fuentes en los escritos de Jung que han influenciado sus libros: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), y Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). La discusión se centró en el poema épico de Spitteler: Prometheus und Epimetheus, el cual forma la base del capítulo V de Tipos Psicológicos. Este es el capítulo más extenso, y uno de los dos capítulos que Jung destaca en el prólogo argentina, como conteniendo la esencia del libro. El libro de Jung es principalmente sobre la transformación de la personalidad, más que sobre la categorización de las personas. Si bien contiene una psicología crítica que deconstruye la naturaleza de la consciencia, esto es solamente la mitad del libro y un paso intermedio a la otra mitad, la cual trata sobre la reconciliación de los opuestos con énfasis particular en la relación entre la consciencia y el inconsciente. Jung asume que los lectores estarían familiarizados con Prometheus und Epimetheus, cuya comprensión ilumina la naturaleza de la transformación que Jung describió - el desarrollo de una nueva actitud hacia la actitud misma.

John Beebe in conversation with Beverley Zabriskie.

John Beebe speaks with Beverley Zabriskie about the central motifs of his life and depth psychological experience, and how these informed his choice of vocation as psychiatrist, Jungian analyst, educator and author. Dr. Beebe narrates how he moved beyond the fate assigned the son of a needy mother and abandoning father. He illustrates how the role his family expected him to fill constellated archetypal motifs--the magical or divine curative child, the whiz kid--from which he had then to disidentify for the sake of becoming an individual with a personal voice and capacity to express his own true values. He tells of his differentiation and search for completion through the perspective of Jung's psychological types theory. He also reflects on the evolution of Jungian analytic theory and practice generally, his editorship of the JAP and the San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal, his confrontation with analytic homophobia, and the emerging quality of professional and personal relationships in relation to ethics and to love. He assesses Jung's courage and integrity as displayed through the release of Jung's Red Book, and his own quest for an organic and psychological moral stance expressed in his benchmark book, Integrity in Depth.

Psychotherapy in the aesthetic attitude.

Drawing upon the writings of Jungian analyst Joseph Henderson on unconscious attitudes toward culture that patients and analysts may bring to therapy, the author defines the aesthetic attitude as one of the basic ways that cultural experience is instinctively accessed and processed so that it can become part of an individual's self experience. In analytic treatment, the aesthetic attitude emerges as part of what Jung called the transcendent function to create new symbolic possibilities for the growth of consciousness. It can provide creative opportunities for new adaptation where individuation has become stuck in unconscious complexes, both personal and cultural. In contrast to formulations that have compared depth psychotherapy to religious ritual, philosophic discourse, and renewal of socialization, this paper focuses upon the considerations of beauty that make psychotherapy also an art. In psychotherapeutic work, the aesthetic attitude confronts both analyst and patient with the problem of taste, affects how the treatment is shaped and 'framed', and can grant a dimension of grace to the analyst's mirroring of the struggles that attend the patient's effort to be a more smoothly functioning human being. The patient may learn to extend the same grace to the analyst's fumbling attempts to be helpful. The author suggests that the aesthetic attitude is thus a help in the resolution of both countertransference and transference en route to psychological healing.

Achieving conservation goals in managed forests of the southeastern coastal plain.

Managed forests are a primary land use within the Coastal Plain of the southern United States. These forests are generally managed under standards, guidelines, or regulations to conserve ecosystem functions and services. Economic value of commercial forests provides incentives for landowners to maintain forests rather than convert them to other uses that have substantially reduced environmental benefits. In this review, we describe the historical context of commercial forest management in the southern United States Coastal Plain, describe how working forests are managed today, and examine relationships between commercial forest management and maintenance of functional aquatic and wetland systems and conservation of biological diversity. Significant challenges for the region include increasing human population and urbanization and concomitant changes in forest area and structure, invasive species, and increased interest in forest biomass as an energy feedstock. Research needs include better information about management of rare species and communities and quantification of relationships between ecosystem attributes and forest management, including biomass production and harvest. Incentives and better information may help commercial forest managers in the Coastal Plain more efficiently contribute to landscape-scale conservation goals.

Editing as a psychological practice.

The experience of the Jungian analyst in the role of editor of manuscripts by creative colleagues is examined. Historical precedents include Michael Fordham's editorial correspondence with Jung around the latter's synchronicity essay; Jung's handling of manuscripts submitted by Sabina Spielrein to the Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen and various authors to the Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie und ihre Grenzgebiete, and the author's close editing of a paper submitted by Andrew Samuels to the Journal of Analytical Psychology. In addition to mustering an adequate amount of generosity, erudition, and availability, the analytic editor must know how to clarify a psychological argument and to gauge the psychological impact of the written text. Notwithstanding transference/countertransference phenomena that can emerge around issues of competition, envy, and territoriality when author and editor are also fellow-authors working in the same field, the editor needs to be comfortable about serving as the author's selfobject and midwife. From an analytic perspective, although communicating decisions about the best way to put ideas into words can sometimes attract transference to the editor, the more profound transference that analysts experience in the editing situation is toward the text being edited, which helps to motivate donated time spent caring for journal manuscripts.

Finding our way in the dark.

Accepting the common lay definition of nightmare as any form of upsetting, dreamlike cognition occurring in the midst of sleep, the author argues for a classification of nightmares that would be based, not on physiological findings, but on what the upsetting nocturnal occurrence turns out to mean to the dreamer. Three types of nightmare identified on this basis are illustrated through dream sequences from classic Hollywood movies and amplified by clinical examples: (1) the dream that symbolizes the next stage of life as unusually daunting, (2) the dream that exposes the shadow of another person in a shocking way, and (3) the 'empathy dream', in which the dreamer experiences directly the anxieties of another subject. It is suggested that the accurate interpretation of a particular upsetting dream depends upon which type of nightmare the dream turns out to be.

Can there be a science of the symbolic?

Science means not just 'knowing', but knowing verified by replicability. Science is particularly hard to bring to depth psychology because the individual uniquenesses that can't be repeated are what make people most deeply themselves. Everyone, including the analytic investigator, however, has a science, in the sense of a world-view that is replicated by experience. Jung offered hermeneutics as an alternative mode to science for getting to know the psychological subject. But as Heidegger emphasized, hermeneutics always begins with the projection of a world-view, i.e., the science of the would-be interpreter. In the analytic situation, dialogue is available to test the world-view and enlarge its horizon, in accord with Gadamer's expansion of hermeneutics, 'the classical discipline concerned with the art of understanding texts', into a method of inquiry open to the possibilities of otherness. An example is given from an analytic training seminar, in which the author began by projecting his version of the theory of psychological types onto the dream material a candidate offered in response to the seminar. A dialogue with the candidate ensued which enabled the teacher to correct his original, somewhat rigid, application of his scientific viewpoint. In such a dialogue, psyche emerges as the final interpreter of what is, generating hypotheses that can fruitfully be applied to the understanding of other cases.