Management of tongue and lip laceration due to dystonia in a 1-year-old infant.

This case report describes the management of tongue and lip lacerations due to dystonia in a 1-year-old infant. A splint was given to raise the bite and prevent repeated trauma and aid in healing of the oral tissue. This paper highlights the importance of pediatric dentist's role in improving quality of patient care in an intensive care unit.

Probiotics for future caries control: a short-term clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare mutans streptococci levels in saliva, before and after consumption of probiotic ice-cream and curds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty caries free children in the age group of 12-14 years were selected and equally divided into four groups I, II, III, IV. Children in group I and II were given 100 ml probiotic ice-cream and plain ice cream respectively and group III and IV were given 100 ml probiotic curd and plain curd respectively for a period of 7 days. Saliva samples were assessed at baseline, 1 hour after consumption and after 7 days intervention period using Mitis salivarius Bacitracin agar. The number of colonies was counted and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study revealed a reduction in salivary mutans streptococci (MS) counts after 1 hour in all the groups. However after 7 days, probiotic ice-cream and curd showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) reduction in MS counts as compared to the control ice cream and curd. The difference in the reduction of MS counts with probiotic ice-cream and probiotic curd at 1 hour and 7 days was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The use of probiotic products could be an alternative strategy of displacing pathogenic microorganisms by probiotic bacteria and can thus be exploited for the prevention of enamel demineralization.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: review of the literature and case report.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), previously known as juvenile chronic arthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is a chronic disease of childhood with a spectrum of joint involvement and associated systemic involvement. The cause of JIA is poorly understood, and no drugs can cure the disease currently. Pediatric dentists should be familiar with the symptoms, complications, and oral manifestations of JIA to help manage the disease and provide quality care to these patients. The purpose of this case report is to review the condition and to describe the case of an adolescent with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, focusing on specific recommendations for dental management.

Torus palatinus in an infant: a case report.

The most significant exostoses of the human jaws are the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Torus palatinus has long been reported by various anthropological and anatomical studies. Even if it has no functional importance, it could interfere with oral functions. Although it has been the subject of numerous studies, torus palatinus is rarely reported in children. The purpose of this paper was to report a rare case of torus palatinus in a 1½-year-old boy.

Prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with the immunologic profile in HIV-Infected children on antiretroviral therapy.

AIM: To describe the prevalence of dental caries in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS One hundred and four HIV positive children on antiretroviral therapy, two to fourteen year old children of both sexes were examined for dental caries. Children were divided into three groups based on the dentition: primary, mixed and permanent. They were also grouped depending on their absolute CD4 count and CD4 percentage into mild, advanced and severe stages. RESULTS: The primary dentition group had a mean deft of 5.07 ± 5.29 and a caries prevalence of 58.62%; in the mixed dentition group the mean deft was 3.81 ± 3.41 and the mean DMFT was 1.40 ± 2.03 with caries prevalence of 86.20%. In the permanent dentition group the mean DMFT was 3.00 ± 2.37 with a caries prevalence of 76.47%. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of dental caries was high in HIV-infected children in advanced CD4 count group. A decrease in the absolute lymphocyte count was associated with an increase in dental caries prevalence.

Effectiveness of circumoral muscle exercises in the developing dentofacial morphology in adenotonsillectomized children: an ultrasonographic evaluation.

Alterations in the functions of the facial muscle can establish changes in facial skeleton and in the development of occlusion. The effect of mouth breathing on the facial morphology is probably greatest during the growth period. Removal of nasal obstruction, adenoids, and tonsils have not given beneficial results in the reversion of the habit unless intercepted with various muscle exercises. Hence, this study was conducted to ultrasonographically evaluate the effectiveness of circumoral muscle exercises in the developing dentofacial morphology in adenotonsillectomized children.

Oral health status of 6- and 12-year-old school going children in Bangalore city: an epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND: Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. However, millions of individuals suffer from dental caries and periodontal disease, resulting in unnecessary pain, difficulty in chewing, swallowing and speaking, and increased medical costs; hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status of school children which would help us in planning and implementing necessary preventive measures. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the prevalence of dental caries among school children, using the Dentition Status and Treatment Needs Index. 2. To assess the prevalence of malocclusion among the study population, using the WHO criteria. 3. To assess the prevalence of dental calculus among the study population using the criteria of Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at a school in Bangalore city. The study population comprised of school children of two age groups - 6 and 12 years. A total of 430 subjects of both the sexes were surveyed, out of which 229 were in 6-year age group and 201 in 12-year age group. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the age groups - 6 and 12 years - with respect to the proportion of dental caries (P > 0.05). Highly significant difference was noticed between the two age groups with respect to calculus (P < 0.01) and malocclusion (P < 0.05).