Salivary analyses and caries increment over 4 years: an approach by cluster analysis.

MAIN PROBLEM: Caries as a multifactorial process is influenced by salivary defense. Cluster analyses should give additional information on the role of salivary variables in relation to caries increment. METHODS: Samples of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva from 28 young adults (mean age 23.5+/-2.1 years) were analyzed for flow rate, pH and buffer variables, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase, thiocyanate, secretory immunoglobulin A, and total protein. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) were recorded at baseline and after 4 years. Cluster analyses were executed on the basis of salivary data. RESULTS: The mean caries increment (DeltaDMFS) over 4 years was 6.7+/-4.0 (range 1-16). In two-cluster processing, three out of four volunteers with low caries increments were grouped into one cluster. Only a few variables proved to be important for cluster characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that over 4 years (1) the volunteers with very low caries increment (DeltaDMFS=1) are classified always together, (2) these volunteers do not form a separate cluster by themselves, (3) low caries increment was related to higher salivary flow rate and lower levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin for unstimulated saliva and (4) the partial pressure of CO(2) was of importance in stimulated saliva.

[The assessment of the caries risk in young adults]. / Zur Einschätzung des Kariesrisikos bei jungen Erwachsenen.

Several factors for caries prediction have been proved in a one-year follow-up study on 73 patients. The white-spot lesions have proved to be a good criteria for caries prediction in this population. These lesions could be combined with the microbiological tests Dentocult SM and Oricult N or with the determination of the buffer capacity (Dentobuff), which did not much improve the prediction.

[Modification of anxiety in children prior to dental treatment using premedication with Faustan diazepam)]. / Beeinflussung der Angst bei Kindern vor zahnärztlichen Behandlungen durch Prämedikation mit Faustan (Diazepam).

In about 22% of children aged from 7 1/2 to 12 years we established heavy reaction of anxiety. To proof the influence of Diazepam to dental treatment we carried out clinical investigations in 40 patients. By means of premedication with Diazepam we got a positive effect for readiness of treatment.

[The quantitative determination of resistance factors in the saliva of patients with very high caries involvement]. / Quantitativer Nachweis von Abwehrfaktoren im Speichel von Patienten mit sehr hohem Kariesbefall.

The unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva of patients with a very high caries experience were used for the determination of the flow rate, total protein, and the antibacterial proteins lysozyme, S-IgA and lactoferrin as well as the peroxidase and thiocyanate being components of the salivary peroxidase system. The concentration, the specific concentration and the secretion rate were calculated.

[The plaque wet weight in subjects with different caries involvement]. / Das Plaquefeuchtgewicht bei Probanden mit unterschiedlichem Kariesbefall.

Determinations of the wet weight of 48 h human dental plaque have proved that there is a significantly higher plaque wet weight among patients characterized by a low caries experience compared to patients with a high caries experience. The plaque-forming rate of patients with a low caries experience rises with advancing years.

[The light-cured composite CuRAY-FIL. A clinical and experimental animal study]. / Das lichthärtende Komposit CuRAY-FIL. Eine klinische und tierexperimentelle Studie.

This article presents a animal study on 36 teeth by dogs without definite race. By the histological observation we cannot assess a damage of the pulp by application of CuRAY-FIL with a basic material. The clinical and REM observations after 11 and 24 months by 76 patients pointed out: CuRAY-FIL has a good colour stability and adhesion, however the claims on a optimal filling material for the restoration in the visible area are not accomplished in all points.

[Evaluation of amalgam filling and inlay in the therapy of lesions of the hard tissue in posterior teeth]. / Zum Stellenwert von Amlagamfüllung und Inlay bei der Therapie von Hartsubstanzdefekten im Seitenzahnbereich.

The importance of the therapy of premolars and molars with amalgam fillings and inlays in combination with preventive measures is described. By means of own results and the literature an estimation is given.

[Therapy of Class V cavities]. / Zur Therapie der Hartsubstanzdefekte im Zahnhals-Bereich.

Despite of the necessity of an increasing primary prevention the therapy of class V cavities will be of greater importance already in the next future. In this review of the literature the indications, advantages, disadvantages as well as the practical procedure for the therapy of cervical lesions with amalgam, metal inlays, composites, glass ionomer cements, porcelain restorations,a nd composite inlays are discussed.

[Direct capping of the artificial exposed pulp in teeth with deep caries]. / Zur direkten Uberkappung der artifiziell freigelegten Pulpa bei Caries profunda.

We carried out clinical and histological investigations on teeth with superficial and deep caries in which we made an artificial exposure of the pulp to check the reactivity of the endodont. After one year we observed using clinical and x-ray methods successful treatment in 93.4% of the teeth. Histologically the number of successful treatment was 100.0% in teeth with superficial caries and 80.0% in teeth with deep caries.

[Contents of phosphate and calcium in whole-saliva of test persons with high and low caries prevalence]. / Der Phosphat- und Kalziumgehalt im Gesamtspeichel bei Probanden mit hoher und niedriger Kariesprävalenz.

In a cross-sectional study the contents of phosphate and calcium in stimulated resting whole saliva of persons with high resp. low caries prevalence were examined. In the saliva of persons with a low cares experience significantly higher phosphate--and calcium--concentrations could be found.

[Pulp-periodontal connections in bifurcation and trifurcation of six-year molars]. / Pulpo-periodontale Verbindungen in der Bi- und Trifurkation von Sechsjahrmolaren.

Differing and contradicting information is given in the literature about the number of accessory canals in the bifurcation and trifurcation of molars. The objective of these investigation was to establish the number of such canals by means of serial sections. In 12.5% of the teeth investigated accessory canals were found.

[A novel method of conservative therapy of infected dental root canal by means of chlorhexidine and corticoids]. / Vorstellung einer Methode der konservativen Therapie des infizierten Wurzelkanals mit Chlorhexidin und Kortikoiden.

The treatment of the acute phase within the therapy of the infected root canal is possible using a combination the antiphlogisticum Triamcinolon and the disinfectant chlorhexidine. The medical agent TS 74 (Forapical) was used in 82 teeth of acute or acute exacerbated chronical periodontitis. Successful conservative treatment was observed in 90% of all cases.

[Scanning electron microscopy studies of the marginal finish conditions of tooth neck ceramic inlays treated with a silane coupling agents and bonded with a composite]. / Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zum Randschlussverhalten silanisierter, mit Komposit eingesetzter Keramikinlays im Zahnhalsbereich.

The therapy of cervical lesions in the visible facial area is not free of problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the marginal leakage by means of SEM analysis after in vitro and in vivo application of porcelain inlays in the cervical area, bonded to the enamel by a microfilled composite. Our results show, that the bond between composite and enamel is better than the bond between composite and inlay treated with a silane coupling agent. Problems of the leakage size and of the transparency can favourably be influenced by the composite as cementation material.