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BACKGROUND: In India, there is only limited data on studies related to umbilical cord and placental indices in newborn infants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the morphometric analysis of placental and umbilical cord indices and their association with length, weight, and head size in newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a longitudinal cross-sectional study conducted on placentas and fetal measures from 245 women who gave birth during the study period. The placental variables, umbilical cord indices, and neonatal indices were measured. The association between the parameters was done using Pearson's correlation, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The placental weight (p=0.01) and placental volume (p=0.01) showed a significant positive correlation with newborn weight. The mean placental diameter was 16.32 ± 1.54 cm, and there was no significant correlation between placental diameter and infant weight (p=0.232), length (p=0.658), or head circumference (0.842). In addition, there was a significant association between placental diameter, placental volume (p=0.000), and placental weight (p=0.000). There was a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between ponderable index and birth weight, length, and head circumference. CONCLUSION: Placental weight and newborn weight were significantly associated in this study. The length of the umbilical cord was found to be related to placental weight. So, placental measurements are reliable indicators for the assessment of fetal wellbeing.
RESUMO
Background The inconsistent morphology of the scapula is based on variable dimensions of its glenoid cavity, in addition to its broadened and truncated lateral angle. Its variable shapes are attributed to the spinoglenoid cavity (superior and posterior aspect of the scapula), which appears oval, inverted comma-shaped, and piriform (pear-shaped). Traumatic conditions often lead to glenoid dislocation/fracture. The precise administration of total shoulder arthroplasty with glenoid component adjustment warrants a comprehensive knowledge of scapular morphology. This study aims to assess the glenoid cavity/scapula shapes (anthropometric assessment) among individuals located in Odisha, India. Methods This cross-sectional analysis was undertaken on 74 left-sided and 70 right-sided, dry, and undeteriorated scapulae of human adult specimens obtained from the anatomy department irrespective of their gender and age. Results The glenoid cavity was most commonly inverted comma-shaped (34.02%) and pear-shaped (48.61%) while 17.36% of scapulae had oval-shaped glenoid cavities. The mean scapular breadth and length dimensions were 98.12±7.87mm and 135.76±12.85mm, respectively. Statistically insignificant bilateral variations were observed between the glenoid cavity index (mean value: 68.44±7.98%), glenoid diameter-2 (anteroposterior; mean value: 16.17±2.24mm), glenoid diameter-1 (anteroposterior; mean value: 22.67±1.53mm), and glenoid diameter (superoinferior; mean value: 36.03±2.15mm). Conclusion The size and shape of the glenoid cavity are directly associated with the dislocation of the shoulder joint and may disturb the results of total shoulder arthroplasty and rotator cuff surgeries. The current study analyzed the morphological types and diameters of the glenoid cavity in the scapulae to improve efficiency and lessen the failure proportions in shoulder arthroplasty. The study shows that morphological measurement of scapulae plays a vital role in the effective maintenance of posture and shoulder functions.
RESUMO
A unicornuate uterus is a relatively rare Müllerian anomaly with an incidence of 2.5-13%. It may lead to various gynecological or obstetric complications, and diagnosis can often be confusing and delayed. It is associated with varying clinical presentations depending on the presence of functional endometrium, which requires immediate surgical resection on the diagnosis. We report two cases of the unicornuate uterus in young women who presented with severe progressive dysmenorrhoea. These cases highlight the challenges in diagnosing the condition by ultrasound, which was confirmed later by MRI. Both cases were managed by laparoscopic resection of the functional non-communicating uterine horn. On follow-up, both patients were found asymptomatic with normal menstrual cycles. In patients of young age who present with abdominal pain, adnexal masses of unknown origin, and severely painful periods, we should consider Müllerian duct anomalies as one of the differential diagnoses. Early and proper preoperative diagnosis of these cases is essential to prevent complications and to offer adequate treatment. Operative laparoscopy is an excellent alternative to laparotomy for their management, particularly in young unmarried girls.
