[Non-consensual forwarding of personal erotic photos at schools : A survey of school principals in Schleswig-Holstein on sexual border violations using digital media]. / Zur nichtkonsensuellen Weiterleitung persönlicher erotischer Fotos an Schulen : Eine Befragung von Schulleitungen in Schleswig-Holstein zu sexuellen Grenzverletzungen mittels digitaler Medien.

BACKGROUND: The Internet and digital media entail both risks and opportunities for children and young people. One risk is posed by cases in which personal erotic photos of schoolchildren are forwarded against their will. For the children and adolescents concerned, the psychosocial consequences can be serious. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and consequences of non-consensual forwarding of personal erotic photos among children and adolescents at schools in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. METHODS: From 25 April to 7 June 2019, principals of secondary schools were surveyed via an online brief questionnaire about both the incidence of non-consensual forwarding of erotic photos at their respective schools, as well as actions taken, consequences for the students depicted, and consequences for those who sent the photos. Information from 74 school administrators was included in the data analysis. RESULTS: In more than two-thirds of the schools, school principals were aware of at least one case of non-consensual forwarding of personal erotic photos. Measures taken were mostly informing the parents of all involved and a "guided exchange" between the involved students. The consequences for the affected students were reported to be social withdrawal, psychological suffering, school performance problems, and experiences with cyberbullying. In eight cases, affected students left the school. DISCUSSION: Non-consensual forwarding of personal erotic photos in schools is a problem of considerable magnitude. Up-to-date specific prevention measures are urgently needed.

[Background and psychological impact of organised and ritual child sexual abuse: Reports to the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in Germany]. / Hintergründe und psychische Folgen organisierter und ritueller Gewalt ­ Berichte an die Unabhängige Kommission zur Aufarbeitung sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs.

OBJECTIVE: Organised child sexual abuse is characterised by commercial exploitation of children and adolescents by networking perpetrator groups. Ritual abuse is further characterised by ideological frameworks (e.g., cults). METHODS: Forty-one confidential hearings and written reports, gathered by the German Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse from individuals as well as contemporary witnesses subjected to organised and ritual abuse (ORA) were analysed by means of a quantitative content analysis. RESULTS: Right-wing extremist, Satanist and religious ideologies were most frequently described. The perpetrators were, next to unknown offenders, mostly described as fathers, and in half of the reports, besides also mothers of the victims. Dissociative identity disorders resulting from such traumatic violence present a challenge to psychosocial and psychiatric professionals. DISCUSSION: It is necessary to educate professionals in psychosocial care settings about ORA and the psychological consequences of extreme violence.

[Which Factors Impede the Uncovering of Organized and Ritual Child Sexual Abuse? - A Qualitative Content Analysis of Reports of Victims and Contemporary Witnesses]. / Was erschwert die Aufdeckung organisierter und ritueller Gewaltstrukturen?

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to investigate organized and ritual child sexual abuse (i. e. networking perpetrator groups with ideological frameworks). METHODS: A qualitative content analysis was conducted on 33 reports by victims and contemporary witnesses. Inductive categories were formed with regard to the question, which factors might impede the exposure of such structures. RESULTS: The results suggest that several interdependent factors of three interacting groups may play major roles in the deficient detection of those structures: the perpetrators, the survivors and other persons (e. g. in the vicinity of the survivors and in society). CONCLUSION: In order to influence the described system of interdependent factors positively in the sense of an improved exposure of those violent structures, the objective communication of knowledge in different societal institutions is necessary.

The Needs of LGBTI People Regarding Health Care Structures, Prevention Measures and Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures: A Qualitative Study in a German Metropolis.

(1) Background: Studies indicate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people constantly face challenges and disadvantages in the health care system that prevent them from getting the best possible patient-centered care. However, the present study is the first to focus on LGBTI-related health in a major German metropolis. It aimed to investigate health care structures, prevention measures and diagnostic as well as treatment procedures that LGBTI individuals need in order to receive appropriate patient-centered health care and health promotion. (2) Methods: Following a participatory approach, five expert interviews with LGBTI people with multiplier function, i.e., people who have a key role in a certain social milieu which makes them able to acquire and spread information in and about this milieu, and three focus groups with LGBTI people and/or health professionals were conducted. Qualitative data were analyzed according to the principles of content analysis. (3) Results: The specific needs of LGBTI individuals must be recognized as a matter of course in terms of depathologization, sensitization, inclusion, and awareness. Such an attitude requires both basic knowledge about LGBTI-related health issues, and specific expertise about sufficient health care services for each of the minorities in the context of sex, sexual orientation and gender identity. (4) Conclusions: For an appropriate approach to LGBTI-centered health care and health promotion, health professionals will need to adopt a better understanding of specific soft and hard skills.