RESUMO
: Copper and zinc containing welding fumes are able to induce systemic inflammation in healthy subjects. In this study the no observed effect levels (NOEL) for welding fumes containing either copper or zinc were assessed.Fifteen healthy male volunteers participated in an exposure. Each subject was exposed to two different concentrations of both, copper and zinc containing welding fumes. Exposure was performed in the Aachen Workplace Simulation Lab.The NOEL was found at metal concentrations between 0.2 and 0.3âmg/m for copper and between 0.8 and 1.2âmg/m for zinc.The NOEL identified in this study was about a factor of 10 higher than the German workplace threshold limit values (TLV). However, TLV in other countries was in the same range or even higher than the NOEL indicating a considerable risk for workers.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Cobre/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional , Soldagem , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Proteína C-Reativa , Humanos , Inflamação , Masculino , Nível de Efeito Adverso não Observado , Exposição Ocupacional/análiseRESUMO
In the isolation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) the technique and other external factors can have great influence on the quality and quantity of isolated neutrophils. To elucidate the influence of the blood collection technique, anticoagulants and storing temperature on isolated PMNs healthy volunteers provided blood samples with different needles and collection techniques, anticoagulants (EDTA, heparin, citrate) and storing temperatures (4, 22, 37 °C). From each blood sample PMNs were isolated and compared regarding number of PMNs and oxidative burst. The blood collection technique, anticoagulants and storing temperature had minor impact on isolated PMNs. All three tested cannulas and anticoagulants can be used to obtain blood samples for PMN isolation. For storing temperatures 37 °C should be preferred. Regarding time between the PMN isolation and the actual experiments, a time span of maximum 1 h should be targeted.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/química , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/métodos , Separação Celular/métodos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Temperatura , Adulto , Doadores de Sangue , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citratos/química , Ácido Edético/química , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Heparina/química , Humanos , Masculino , Agulhas , Explosão Respiratória/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown an increase of C-reactive-protein (CRP) after exposure to zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes on leukocytes, their subtypes, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: Serum samples of male volunteers were examined after exposures to welding fumes in two settings: repeated exposure on 4 consecutive days for 6âhours and single exposures for different times (3, 4, 5âhours). RESULTS: Neutrophil granulocyte and MPO levels showed increases 24âhours after single and repeated exposures for 6âhours similar to CRP increases reported in literature. Overall leukocyte levels and levels of monocytes and lymphocytes were not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the involvement of neutrophil granulocytes in welding fume fever additional to mediator related effects.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Cobre/efeitos adversos , Neutrófilos/citologia , Exposição Ocupacional , Soldagem , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Inflamação , Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Peroxidase/análiseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Inhalation of copper and zinc containing brazing fumes (2.5âmg/m for 6âhours) is able to induce asymptomatic systemic inflammation which is supposed to be connected with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In this study it was investigated if inflammation can be prevented by reducing the exposure time. METHODS: A total of 15 healthy male subjects were exposed to such brazing fumes in a crossover design for 3, 4, and 5âhours in randomized order. Before and 24âhours after exposure, blood samples were taken and c-reactive protein (CRP) as marker for an acute phase reaction was measured. RESULTS: Five-hour exposure induced an increase of CRP, whereas the shorter exposure times did not result in a significant inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing daily exposure times below 5âhours is able to prevent systemic inflammatory reactions.
Assuntos
Cobre/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/sangue , Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Soldagem , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Cross-Over , Gases/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Inflamação/etiologia , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Recently, the proinflammatory effects of welding fumes containing zinc and copper have been demonstrated. In the present study, it was investigated if the inflammation persists under repeated exposure. METHODS: Fifteen healthy male subjects were exposed to 6âhours of exposure with zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes on 4 consecutive days under controlled conditions. RESULTS: Inflammatory marker serum levels showed significant increases compared with baseline either 6 or 24âhours after the first exposure and stayed elevated for all following exposures. In nasal secret samples only C-reactive protein levels were increased compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates a persistent increase of systemic inflammatory markers indicating an elevated risk for welders chronically exposed to zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes. Topical inflammation of the upper airways did not occur.