Properties, inducibility, and an improved method of analysis of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured human lymphocytes.

The properties and inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in cultured human lymphocytes were studied, and a sensitive method of analysis has been developed. In agreement with other reports, peripheral blood lymphocytes per se had no activity and required pretreatment in culture with a mitogen for conversion to lymphoblasts to possess AHH activity. This activity had an absolute requirement for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Under our conditions of incubation, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (1.3 mM) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (1 mM), when added to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-fortified incubation mixture, caused about 30% increase in activity and MnCl2 caused an appreciable inhibition. The reaction was linear with the number of cells, with up to 16.8 X 10-6 cells contained in the incubation mixture, and had a pH optimum of 8.5. The enzyme was fairly stable at -70 degrees and retained about 90% of the original activity for 15 days. The enzyme activity in the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures appeared slowly and reached a maximum at 48 to 72 hr of incubation at 37 degrees, after which it considerably decayed with time. Viability of the cells in culture also decayed considerably after 72 hr and reached about 50% level at 120 hr. The enzyme was inducible with 3-methylcholanthrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene was a much more potent inducer than 3-methylcholanthrene and evoked a response in cells that would be considered noninducible with 3-methylcholanthrene. By using purified lymphocytes and Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640, providing larger surface area during culture, harvesting the cells at the time of minimum cell death and maximum AHH activity, and assaying AHH at its pH optimum of 8.5 instead of 7.6, it was possible to enhance the sensitivity of the assay an average of 17-fold.

Synthesis and biological activity of some ethers of testosterone. Implications concerning the biological activity of esters of testosterone.

The benzyl (2), allyl (4), propyl (10), 3-hydroxypropyl (12), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (11), 4 pentenyl (7), and pentyl (8) ethers of testosterone were synthesized. Compounds 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, and 12 were found to be almost devoid of anabolic or androgenic activity in a modified Hershberger Assay, but 2,4,10, and 12 were found to be effective inhibitors of testosterone 5alpha-reductase from human skin. These findings suggest that esters of testosterone and of 19-nortestosterone must hydrolyze before interacting with the hormonal receptors, but that the esters may competitively compete with the parent alchohols for interaction with enzymes. The latter effect may shift the distribution of metabolites of the esters relative to the alchohols and thus influence the pharmacological effect of these compounds.