[Structure formation of water insoluble fullerene amino acid derivatives in organic solvents]. / Strukturoobrazovanie vodonerastvorimykh aminokislotnykh proizvondykh fullerena v organicheskikh rastvoriteliakh.

The time-dependent structure formation of the fullerene derivative of p-amino benzoic acid in organic solvents was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that, during storage of solutions, the structures are destroyed.

[The effect of dietary fiber on proteolysis]. / Vliianie pishchevykh volokon na protsess proteoliza.

In the presence of food fibers, proteolysis occurs with the formation of sorption complexes. At the initial stages of hydrolysis, the adsorption of both casein and pepsin is observed, the adsorption influencing the initial rate of hydrolysis. The composition of the sorption layer changes during hydrolysis in favor of intermediates. The initial and stationary rates of hydrolysis depend on the protein/fiber ratio. The catalytic activity of the system decreases both with a little amount and with an excess of fibers. The highest rate of hydrolysis is observed at a protein/fiber ratio of 1/2.

A study on gelation of soybean globulin solutions. Part 4. Effect of gelation conditions on the visco-elastic properties and structure of thermotropic gels of soybean globulin fraction.

To the study of the structure and properties of the thermotropic soybean globulin fraction (SGF) gels the stress relaxation and electron microscopy techniques has been applied. The value of slope of normalized relaxation function was used as a characteristic of relaxation properties of SGF gels. This value characterizes the velocity of the gels relaxation processes. It has been found that this characteristic is determined only by the gels' heating temperatures. Using the differential scanning microcalorimetric technique it was shown that the changes of the slope of normalized relaxation function of SGF gels are controlled only by heating temperature. The reason for this lies in the changes of the composition of the denaturation product of SGF gels. The increase is shown of the shear moduli of gels prepared at other than optimum temperatures by additional heating under optimal gelation conditions. That is a result of existence of a sol-fraction. The most significant increase of shear moduli is found for the SGF gels, sol-fraction of which is native 11S globulin. A correlation has been established between the changes of SGF gels' structure obtained from the dates of rheological measurements and electron microscopy technique.

[Low-temperature fixation of electron microscopy specimens]. / Izuchenie nizkotemperaturnoi fiksatsii élektronno-mikroskopicheskikhob''ektov.

An attempt was made to estimate the quality of cryofixation by thermogram method--time relationship of object temperature during freezing and heating of the specimen while preparing it for the electron microscopic studies. The experiments carried out showed the necessity of estimating cryofixation quality to rule out artefacts appearing due to solvent crystallization.

[Changes in collagen structure under the influence of mechanical dispersion]. / Izmenenie struktury kollagena pod vliianiem mekhanicheskogo dispergirovaniia.

Air-dry collagen isolated from cattle retinal layer by means of alkaline-salt treatment was crushed in a laboratory vibro-mill at 80-150 degrees K. Mechanochemical transformations were studied by means of viscosimetry, polarimetry, ESR-spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Mechanical tensions induce breakage of covalent bonds of polypeptide chains, accompanied by a decrease of protein molecular mass, and of lateral interactions, which results in loosening of collagen structure and partial denaturation.

[Comparative study of biopolymer--water systems by raster and transmission electron microscopic technics]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie sistem biopolymer-voda metodami rastrovoi i prosvechivaiushchei élektronnoi mikroskopii.

Comparative studies of some biological subjects with different water content (yeast cells, swollen starch grains, gels and gelatin and casein solutions) were conducted in scanning and transmitting electron electron microscope. The objects were prepared by cryogenic methods: freezing--drying; freezing--fracture, freezing--etching. It has been shown that when interpreting the micrographs of scanning microscopy for the systems biopolymer--water it is useful to apply the results of transmitting microscopy by using different procedures of preparation both with dehydration and without dehydration of the object. The electron micrographs have shown that with a rise in water content in the object the probability of artefact occurrence is increased for the objects studied in the scanning microscope by using freezing--drying method.

[Electron microscopic study of pectin solutions]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie rastvorov pektina.

Electron microscopic study was carried out of the structure of pectin 0.01% aqueous solutions according to esterification degree at different pH medium. Preparations were prepared by freezing-drying method of solution drop on the formvar film and by the negative contrasting method. Microfibrils of 60-180 A diameter were found. Their aggregation increased with a decrease of the charge of pectin macromolecule (increase of esterification, decrease of pH).

[Two possible mechanisms for forming supramolecular structures of the collagen type]. / Dva vozmozhnykh mekhanizma obrazovaniia nadmolekuliarnykh struktur kollagenovogo tipa.

Comparative electron microscopic investigation of submolecular structure formation of native collagen molecules and denaturated collagen peptides in tropocollagen and gelatin gels was carried out. Submolecular terminal structures were similar. Fibrils exist with cross striation region of 64--70 nm. In spite of this the intermediate steps in the formation of both structures differ. In case of collagen the bundle of parallel microfibrils forms the thick fibrils. In case of gelatin the aggregates of spherical anisotropic particles form the fibrils of gelatin gels.

[Temperature characteristics of an object during the process of cryofixation by the "freeze--etching" technic]. / Temperaturnaia kharakteristika ob'ekta v protsesse kriofiksatsii v metode zamorazhivaniia--travleniia.

When using low temperature methods for preparing water-containing objects in electron microscopy temperature characteristics of different objects was studied during freezing and defreezing depending on different preparation conditions. Temperature characteristics of the object was estimated by means of a storage oscillograph with a thermocouple connected through a transistor amplifier. The thermograms permit one to select preparation conditions of the object eliminating artefacts.