RESUMO
Blood plasma samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus having the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome were found to contain anti-plasminogen antibodies of the IgG class. The titers of anti-plasminogen autoantibodies of the IgG class were elevated in these patients compared with normal controls. Part of the pool of IgG anti-plasminogen antibodies reacts with an epitope in the lysine-binding sites of plasminogen. Anti-plasminogen IgG isolated from patients' blood plasma is specific only for a native epitope of human plasminogen passively adsorbed on immunosorbent micro-titration plate. As shown by enzyme immunoassay, autoantibodies to plasminogen of the IgG class cross-react with human fibrinogen.
Assuntos
Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Plasminogênio/imunologia , Adulto , Ácido Aminocaproico/metabolismo , Ácido Aminocaproico/farmacologia , Autoanticorpos/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/imunologia , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
Higher-order extrema with topological indices greater than unity are discussed. Explicit constructions are given for their wave functions, and simple geometric rules are presented for analysis of their topological indices. Experimental means for verifying the theory with use of Gaussian laser beams are considered, unusual properties of optical vortices constructed from this new type of critical point are described, and applications to topologically based optical arithmetic are suggested.
