[Morphological characteristics of lungs in embryos and fetuses in women living in regions contaminated with radionuclides after accident at the Chernobyl power plant]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika legkikh émbrionov i plodov materei, prozhivaiushchikh na territorii, zagriaznennoi radionuklidami posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

The possibility of transplacental passage of Cr-90 and Cs-137 as well as their traces appearance in descendants muscles and bones beginning from the 2nd pregnancy trimester (and this was sometimes associated with teratogenic effects) was demonstrated on the abortion material (human embryos and fetuses) from the controlled zones of the Bryansk region. Statistically significant inhibition of the bronchial branching (according to the morphometry of the lung histological section) this indicating the disturbance of the lung prenatal morphogenesis during the "pseudoglandular" developmental stage was observed in the 1st trimester of the pregnancy in the descendants of the irradiated mothers. Lung hypoplasia was observed in some cases in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of the pregnancy. Activation of lymphoid cells in the fetal lungs and the tendency to the enhancement in them of the ectopic erythroid hemopoiesis was revealed. These processes are considered as a reflection of the compensatory adaptive cellular reaction in the descendants respiratory organs in response to the tissue hypoxia and antigenic stimuli from the organism of the pregnant woman irradiated after the Chernobyl accident.

[Study of 137Cs transfer across the placenta to the rat fetuses and effect of ferrocin on these processes]. / Issledovanie zakonomernostei perekhoda 137Cs cherez platsentu v plody beremennykh krys i vliianie ferrotsina na éti protsessy.

The 137Cs placental transfer to the fetuses was studied using a daily oral 137Cs administration to pregnant rats. At day 19 of gestation, the fetuses receive 0.8% of the amount administered to the female. A daily application of ferrocinum reduces the 137Cs content of the female body by 82-84% and decreases the fetal accumulation down to 0.14%.

[Modification of the body's resistance to acute ionizing radiation by synthetic beta-carotene]. / Modifikatsiia sinteticheskim beta-karotinom rezistentnosti organizma k ostrym ioniziruiushchim vozdeistviiam.

Radiomodifying efficiency of short-term and chronic medicinal and treatment-prophylactic enrichment of rations with artificial beta-carotene, administered at single doses of 0.1-10.0 mg, were studied after acute external gamma-irradiation of adult nonlinear and Wistar rats (0.029 Gy/s) or female SBA mice (0.0037 Gy/s), where the absorbed dose was equal to 8-3 Gy or 9.9-9.5 Gy, respectively. Suspension of beta-carotene paste in olive oil accelerated death of rats irradiated at doses of 8 and 7 Gy (P = 0.04), and shortened their lifespan. At a dose of 6 Gy single and long-term enrichment of rations with beta-carotene decreased the rate of rat death within 30 days from 33.3% to 16.7% (P = 0.14) and 3.3% (P = 0.01), while their life time was increased from 48 days to 67 days (P = 0.05) and 508 days (P = 0.01). beta-Carotene was found to affect favourably the radiation-induced (5 Gy) leukocytopenia, and decreased thymus mass (6 Gy) and body weight (8 Gy). In treatment-prophylactic enrichment with beta-carotene of mice (9.9 Gy) ration their survival was increased from 15% to 30% and lifespan from 14.4 days to 28.9 days (P = 0.05). During medicinal or treatment-prophylactic courses of beta-carotene death of mice (9.7 Gy) was decreased from 75% to 35% (P = 0.01) or 60% and life time was increased from 16.7 days to 22.17 days or 39.9 days (P = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Certain parameters of beta-carotene metabolism in the rat]. / Nekotorye parametry metabolizma beta-karotina v organizme krys.

Concentration of retinoids was decreased from 24.5 micrograms/100 ml to 13.5 micrograms/100 ml of blood serum in rats with ageing, during 2-11 months; these rats were maintained on a standard ration. Enrichment of rat ration with beta-carotene caused a statistically significant increase in content of retinoids in blood serum from 24.5 micrograms/100 ml to 48.6 micrograms/100 ml within early periods (1-72 hrs), while within later periods (0.25-2 months) the retinoid content was similar to that of control intact animals. After single and, especially, in long-term treatments with beta-carotene dose-dependent deposition of the carotenoid and increase in content of retinoids were detected in liver tissue. Use of white rats is of importance in principle for evaluation of beta-carotene caused modifications of pathological states developed under influence of unsuitable environmental factors.

[Prospects of the use of beta-carotene enriched food products in the prevention and therapy of radiation injuries]. / Perspektivy ispol'zovaniia obogashchennykh beta-karotinom pishchevykh produktov v profilaktike i terapii luchevykh porazhenii.

Radio-protective effectiveness of short-term (19 and 4 h before, 4 and 24 h after irradiation), long-term (3 times/week during 30 days after irradiation) and delayed (1 or 2 days after irradiation) enrichment with crystallized beta-carotene, in single doses of 0.1, 1.0 or 5.0 mg was evaluated in experimental acute external gamma-irradiation (0.029 Gy/sec) within the range of absorbed doses 9--6 Gy. The results obtained have permitted the authors to recommend the ration enriched with carotinoid for prevention and therapy of acute radiation injuries.

[The radioprotective efficacy of karotinil under acute external and internal irradiation]. / Radiozashchitnaia éffektivnost' karotinila pri vneshnem i vnutrennem ostrom obluchenii.

Radioprotective, with respect to the whole body and reproductive system, geroprotective and anticarcinogenic properties of carotinyl after single acute external gamma-irradiation or exposure to tritium oxide have been revealed. It is concluded that the use of beta-carotene-containing substances is highly promising in preventing remote effects of chronic irradiation at low rates of absorbed doses, particularly the effects of incorporated radioactive substances.

[Evaluation and correction of the vitamin C status in relation to the problem of the experimental modification of long-term radiation effects]. / Otsenka i korrektsiia C-vitaminnogo statusa v probleme éksperimental'noi modifikatsii otdalennykh posledstvii radiatsionnykh vozdeistvii.

A lognormal double-peak pattern of ascorbic acid content distribution within rat daily urine and the presence in the population of vitamin C hypo-, hyper-, and normally producing individuals have been established. Radiation-induced changes in the C-vitamin status of rats during their lifetime were assessed by average geometrical levels of acid excretion. A 1.5-3-fold decrease in providing vitamin C producing animals with vitamin C was demonstrated a year after intrapulmonary incorporation of 239PuO2.

[Quantitative patterns of a model of intratracheal administration in an experiment]. / Kolichestvennye zakonomernosti modeli vnutritrakheal'nogo vvedeniia v éksperimente.

The distribution of 239PuO2 (241Am) and BeO (7BeO) within the lungs of rats and dogs after the intratracheal administration was found to follow a normal law. The amplitude of deposition variations reached 98 per cent of the amount administered. It is recommended to group the experimental animals by individual deposition estimates.

[Removal of monomeric 239Pu from bones and liver by liposome-encapsulated pentacin]. / Nekotorye zakonomernosti vyvedeniia monomernogo 239Pu iz skeleta i pecheni pentatsinom, inkapsulirovannym v liposomakh.

Dependence of monomeric 239Pu removal from the liver and skeleton by liposome-encapsulated pentacine on dose and concentration of encapsulated chelate was studied in rats. It has been shown that the liposome-encapsulated pentacine (LP) removed 1.5-2.5 times as much 239Pu as free chelate (FP). Dose-effect dependences were logarithmic. The distinction between LP and FP in 239Pu removal from the liver was maximum when chelate had been used in a dose of 50 mumol/kg, with the dose effect upon injection in a large number of liposomes (200 mumol of lipids/kg) being 1.8 times as high as upon injection in smaller number of liposomes (50 mumol/kg). LP doses varying from 100 to 400 mumol/kg, there were no differences between two types of LP; with a LP dose of 400 mumol/kg its action is a bit stronger than that of the chelate. The distinction between LP and FP in 239Pu removal from the skeleton is the greatest with chelate doses exceeding 100 mumol/kg. The use of liposomes in combination with concentrated chelate solution is more effective. Possible interpretation of the features revealed are discussed.

[Efficacy of polymeric 239Pu removal by liposome-encapsulated pentacin]. / Effektivnost' vyvedeniia polimernogo 239Pu pentatsinom, inkapsulirovannym v liposomakh.

Liposome-incapsulated pentacine (DTPA) removes intracellular polimeric 239Pu and colloidal hydroxide of polymeric 239Pu from a rat body in the amounts 2- and 4 times, respectively, exceeding those eliminated by free DTPA. However the amount of 239Pu removed decreases sharply with increasing 239Pu hydrolysation and polymerization. It is concluded that the effectiveness of 239Pu removal depends on the physico-chemical status of the radionuclide and its interaction with the biosubstrate rather than on the amount of DTPA entering the cells.

[14C-pentacin pharmacokinetics in percutaneous uptake]. / Farmakokinetika 14Copentatsina pri perkutannom postuplenii.

The authors studied the quantitative mechanisms of percutaneous administration and elimination from the body of Na3Ca-14C-diethylene triaminopentacetic acid applied to the skin in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide or in aqueous solution. The data on the time course of the content of the labeled drug in the skin, blood, skeleton, liver, kidneys and urine of rats are provided.

[Plutonium-239 metabolism in chemical skin burns]. / Osobennosti metabolizma plutoniia-239 pri khimicheskikh ozhogakh kozhi.

Certain peculiarities of metabolism of plutonium-239 were revealed after skin applications there of in solutions of nitrogen acid, tributyl phosphate and hexychloro-butadiene. It was shown that the absorption of plutonium-239 in 0.1 NHO3 solution for 3 days made up 0.02% of the quantity applied. The increase in the acid concentration up to 0.5-10 N was accompanied by a 2.5-5-fold increase in the resorption. The application of the nuclide in organic solvents was characterized by a 4-5-fold increase in its accretion within the body. There was a 25-fold increase in the absorption of 239Pu after the combined effect of the acid and the organic solvents on the skin.