[Surgical treatment of certain forms of secondary glaucoma]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie nekotorykh form vtorichnoi glaukomy.

The technique of penetrating deep sclerectomy with suprachoroidal explanto-drainage as well as the results of postoperative follow-up, exceeding 2 years, and of the early-described sinustrabeculectomy with regulated filtration are presented in the article. Operations were made on 59 eyes (58 patients aged 13 to 70) with the below forms of secondary glaucomas: new-vascular, postuveal, dystrophic (at retinal detachment), posttraumatic (contusion-type), phakotopic, postoperative (aphakic), and hemolytic. The below goals were set while elaborating the methods: the possibility to regulate postoperatively the intraocular pressure, elimination of the pain syndrome, the organ-preserving effect, stabilization of the clinical cause and shaping-up of reliable drainage paths. The authors registered a positive effect in 87.5% of cases.

[Long-term results of surgical prevention and correction of progressive myopia]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskoi profilaktiki i korrektsii progressiruiushchei blizorukosti.

In this summing-up paper the authors discuss the results of surgical prevention and correction of progressive myopia carried out at Department of Ophthalmic Diseases of Russian University of Peoples' Friendship during two recent decades. Remote results of bandaging scleroplastic and reduced chondroplastic operations recommend scleroplastic interventions for prevention of myopia progress. Combined scleroplasty and cataract extraction stabilized the elongation of the antero-posterior axis of the eye and essentially improved visual acuity of 18-20 diopters. New variants of interlamellar operations are presented: tunnel-circular and fragmented circular, which are protected by patents of the Russian Federation. These operations are recommended for patients with stable myopia of 8-15 diopters after scleroplasty. Their advantage is low traumatism, absence of deep incisions on the cornea, wide optic center, possibility of regulating the refraction effect by replacing the implants or their complete removal without serious consequences for the cornea.

[Remote results of high myopia surgical correction by tunnel keratoplasty ]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskoi korrektsii blizorukosti vysokoi stepeni metodom tonnel'noi keratoplastiki.

Remote results evidence high refraction efficiency of tunnel keratoplasty, stable results being observed for up to 15 years. A total of 104 operations (58 patients) were analyzed for a period of observation of more than 10 years. The patients' ages varied from 17 to 52 years, there were 34 women and 24 men. The main advantage of interlamellar refraction meridional keratoplasty is easiness of operation. At present it is the operation of choice for dosed reduction of eye refraction aimed at correction of high myopia and astigmatism. The possibility of correcting residual myopia after keratotomy and repair of refraction abnormalities resultant from perforating keratoplasty is particularly interesting. The possibility of regulating the corrective effect in remote periods by replacing the implants also deserves attention. Hence, low traumatism, high efficiency, and stability of the refraction effect once more confirm our recommendation to use tunnel keratoplasty in clinical practice.

[Sinusotrabeculectomy with regulated filtration in the treatment of secondary glaucoma]. / Sinusotrabekuléktomiia s reguliruemoi fil'tratsiei pri lechenii vtorichnykh glaukom.

A new method for surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma (neovascular, postuveal, traumatic, and aphakic) is described. The aims of the new method are as follows: regulation of ophthalmic tone in the postoperative period, pain relief, organ preservation, stabilization of the process, and creation of reliable routes of intraocular fluid discharge with formation of a stable diffuse functional pad. Seven patients (8 eyes) aged 13-70 years were operated on and followed up for up to 6 months. Preliminary results are presented. Positive shifts were observed in all cases.

[The optimization of a surgical intervention to stabilize progressive myopia]. / Optimizatsiia khirurgicheskogo vmeshatel'stva s tsel'iu stabilizatsii progressiruiushchei blizorukosti.

Results of 236 sclera-fortifying surgeries are followed up for more than 25 years. Progressive myopia stabilized in 95.8% cases after bandaging scleroplasty and in 87.03% cases after chondroplasty. Clinical refraction and posteroanterior axis of the eye did not increase after surgery; visual functions stabilized, and brightness sensitivity threshold was lowered. The technique of operation and clinical course of the postoperative period are described. Based on analysis of the clinical material, the authors propose the optimal approach to scleroplastic operations aimed at stabilization of progressive myopia.

[Regularities of corneal tissue correlation and their biological significance for regeneration and pre-tumor growth]. / Zakonomernosti tkanevoi korreliatsii rogovitsy, ikh biologicheskoe znachenie v voprosakh regeneratsii i predopukholevogo rosta.

Experimental denervation of the central portions of the cornea in rabbits permitted us to hypothesize "autonomism" of corneal tissues, manifesting as soon as corneal tissues loose connection to the nervous system inhibiting cell growth and division. It involved edema, decreased differentiation, loss of correlation between the epithelium and stroma, submerged growth, and eventually even transformation into a sort of tissue culture in the organism. Experiments demonstrated that increased tissue differentiation is paralleled by in-growth of nerve endings. The degree of differentiation and functional intactness of tissues is maintained by the nervous system. If there are no conditions for reinnervation or the injury (irritation) is repeated, the process transforms into pathological: cords of immature tissue penetrate into the depth of the eye from open edges of corneal and scleral wounds, granulation of chronic wounds is abnormal, and pretumor states of tissues develop. Further status of such tissue apparently depends on new vessels, repeating the transformation of epithelial stroma and connective tissue. Increased growth of the epithelium and stromal elements leads to thickening of vascular wall, dilatation of vascular lumen, and to complete obliteration. Repeated irritation resumes the process of tissue transformation with formation of new vessels. Angiogenesis is apparently related to denervation, and each new irritation induces repeated vascular growth. Treatment and prevention are to be aimed at removal of the irritants and improvement of the nervous system function maintaining the maturity of tissues in an organism.

[Features of the course and treatment of several eye diseases in Eastern Africa]. / Nekotorye osobennosti techeniia i lecheniia otdel'nykh glaznykh zabolevanii v Vostochnoi Afrike.

Ophthalmologist with a 4-year history (1993-1997) of practice at the Russian Red Cross Hospital in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) shares his experience. More than 30,000 patients were examined and treated. Interesting cases are described: cytomegalovirus retinitis in the presence of AIDS, AIDS-associated involvement of the eyes (uveitis, keratitis, Kaposi's sarcoma), herpes zoster involvement of the eyes, phlyctenar keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, trachoma, diseases of the eyes concomitant with syphilis, a case with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada. Clinical course and therapy of these diseases under local conditions are described.

[Differentiation of corneal tissues (role of the nerve factor)]. / Differentsirovanie tkanei rogovitsy (rol' nervnogo faktora).

The results of various experimental exposures of corneal tissue are presented. Morphological studies demonstrate a decrease of tissue differentiation and its accelerated growth and impairment of tissue relationships depending on injury to its nervous system. The author considers that the degree of tissue differentiation, tissue correlations, and functional intactness of tissue depend on the status of the nervous system.

[Modern aspects of surgical treatment of myopia]. / Sovremennye aspekty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia miopii.

Problems in complex surgical treatment of myopia are discussed. Extensive clinical data and long follow-up of the patients permitted the authors to develop a well-based system of care which helps not only arrest the progress of myopia, but correct it within a rather wide range. The pathogenesis of tissue process in progressive myopia is discussed basing on the regularities revealed experimentally. The main modern operations on the cornea and sclera are described. Data on the inter-layer transplantation of the cornea, developed at the Chair of Ophthalmic Diseases of the Russian University of Peoples' Friendship are presented.

[A case of relapsing iridocyclitis in tropical malaria]. / Sluchai retsidiviruiushchego iridotsiklita pri tropicheskoi maliarii.

An African student developed bilateral relapsing iridocyclitis with increased intraocular pressure. General examinations and parasitological studies revealed tropical malaria. Etiotropic and local therapy normalized intraocular pressure and improved vision acuity of both eyes. This case should be borne in mind by general practitioners as a possibility of transportation of various tropical diseases.

[Cosmetic interlamellar keratoplasty]. / Kosmeticheskaia mezhsloínaia keratoplasika.

Interlamellar transplantation of the cornea was performed with cosmetic purpose in 9 patients with blind eyes (coarse vascularized leukoma in 5 and cataracts with newly formed iridal and anterior chamber vessels in 4) and in 2 with peripheral leukomas. The technique of interlamellar keratoplasty consisted in transplantation of a stained disk of donor cornea in the recipient's corneal membrane layers or stratification of the peripheral leukoma followed by carbon black staining. The operation is simple, little traumatic, and brings about a good cosmetic effect in the cases when other methods are impossible to use; the risk of intra- and postoperative complications is minimal.

[Interlamellar sectoral keratoplasty in the surgical correction of astigmatism]. / Mezhsloinaia sektoral'naia keratoplastika v khirurgicheskoi korrektsii astigmatizma.

A new original method of interlamellar sectorial keratoplasty is proposed for surgical correction of astigmatism. Eleven operations were carried out in 8 patients (11 eyes) with astigmatism of 4 to 7.0 diopters. Vision acuity without correction was 0.6 to 1.0 in 5 patients (7 eyes, 63.6%). In 2 patients (2 eyes, 18.2%) vision acuity without correction was 0.3 to 0.5 diopters, and in 2 more patients (2 eyes, 18.2%) it was from 0.1 to 0.3 diopters, that is, equal to the maximal vision acuity with the optimal correction. The refraction effect stabilized in 3-4 months. The highest refraction effect attained was 7.0 diopters. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years. Clinical analysis of the operations confirmed the efficacy and reliability of the method and stability of refraction. Interlamellar sectorial keratoplasty is recommended for surgical correction of astigmatism.

[A case of toxocariasis of the eye]. / Sluchai toksokaroza glaza.

A case with toxocariasis of the eye is described. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically. Vision acuity improved to 100% as a result of treatment. The authors emphasize that toxocariasis should ruled out in all ocular involvements of obscure etiology.

[Interlamellar circular keratoplasty for correction of high myopia]. / Mezhsloinaia kol'tsevaia keratoplastika v korrektsii miopii vysokoi stepeni.

A new method is proposed for the correction of high myopia: Interlamellar circular keratoplasty. This method has been used in 15 patients (17 eyes) aged 18 to 54 with 9 to 17 diopters myopia. Vision acuity attained was at least 0.5 in 10 (60.3%) patients; in 7 (35.2%) patients vision acuity was 0.3 without correction, that is, was equal to the maximal vision acuity with the optimal correction. The highest refraction effect was 15.0 diopters. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 16 years. The proposed method for the correction of high myopia is highly effective, simple, and is recommended for clinical practice.

[Prognostication of results in correction of aphakia by lamellar refractive keratoplasty]. / O prognozirovanii rezul'tatov korrektsii afakii metodom mezhsloinoi refraktsionoi keratoplastiki.

The authors analyze the possibility of predicting the results of aphakia correction by interlamellar refraction keratoplasty from one of the eye parameters measured before surgery, the anterior corneal surface radius. The prognosis efficacy has improved by 10% vs. the prediction from the mean value; this is insufficient for practical application of the method. The prediction may be made more accurate if the number of the eye parameters measured before surgery is increased and the measurements are more precise.

[Lipid peroxidation and the status of the antioxidant systems of the blood and liver in isolated and combined action of copper- containing dust and sulfur dioxide]. / Izuchenie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i sostoianiia antiokis- lite'lnykh sistem krovi i pecheni pri izolirovannom i kombiniro- vannom vozdeistvii medsoderzhashchei pyli i dioksida sery.

During the clinical examination of copper smelters the disorders of some body systems were detected. They were assumed to be caused by changes in the ratio of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative body activity. The study of isolated and sulphur dioxide-combined effect of copper dusts on rats revealed that interaction of sulphur dioxide metabolites and metals, contained in dusts, formed a "vicious circle" and reduced protective capacities of antioxidative blood systems and liver, thus giving rise to body accumulation of cytotoxic products of lipid peroxidation.