[Some health parameters in personnel contacting highly enriched uranium].

The authors analysed 20-years and longer observations over health state of personnel having occupational contact with highly enriched uranium. Findings are no determined effects as clinical manifestations of chronic uranium intoxication, presented by most frequently involved systems (hemopoietic, bronchopulmonary) and main organs accumulating uranium (liver, kidneys, bones). Long-term observations revealed malignancies in 11% of the examinees. Further medical observations over the personnel (risk group) are required to evaluate risk of aleatory effects in prolonged contact with various uranium compounds.

[Interactions of radiation factors and smoking in the etiology of lung cancer in workers of atomic enterprises]. / Vzaimodeistvie radiatsionnykh faktorov i kureniia pri razvitii raka legkogo u rabotnikov atomnogo predpriiatiia.

It was shown on the basis of retrospective investigation of 500 workers at a nuclear enterprise (162 cases of lung cancer, 338 persons as matching control) that the interaction of external gamma-irradiation (> 2.0 Gy) and the body-burden of 239Pu (> 9.3 kBq) at lung cancer incidence in multiplicative. Combined influence of smoking and radiation factors was found dependent on smoking index (SI): it changed from additive up to multiplicative and than to antagonistic with the increase of the smoking effect. The received results could be explained on the basis of a two-mutation model of radiation carcinogenesis.

[Effect of radiation and other factors on the pathogenesis of various histologic types of lung cancer in workers of radiochemical plants]. / Vliianie radiatsionnykh i neradiatsionnykh faktorov na vozniknovenie razlichnykh gistologicheckikh tipov raka lëgkovo u rabotnikov radiokhimicheskogo predpriiatiia.

Adenocarcinoma frequency in Pu incorporation-related lung cancer patients among plutonium workers was found to be 74% versus 33% in control. Each histological pattern of lung cancer appeared to be related to several etiological factors but in varying degree. Incorporated Pu proved the strongest factor in adenocarcinoma development. Its odds ratio (OR) was 6.9, while that for smoking-4.3. However, smoking appeared to be the most significant factor in squamous cell carcinoma genesis (OR-6.8). Among other factors were chronic obstructive pathology of the lung (OR-3.9) and reduced body weight (OR-2.1). The OR for Pu incorporation was 3.9. Squamous cell carcinomas were traced to reduced body weight (OR-2.9), heavy smoking (smoking index more than 500) (OR-3.5). However, no significant relationship has been established between carcinogenesis and Pu incorporation.

[The "dose-response" mechanism of tumorigenesis in workers of radiochemical plants]. / Zavisimosti doza-otvet pri razvitii raka lëgkogo u rabotnikov radiokhimicheskogo proizvodstva.

The "dose-response" mechanism has been studied for three main histological types of tumor in a cohort of 500 workers occupationally exposed to different doses of radiation (162 patients with lung cancer and 338 practically healthy persons) using the "case-control" method and multifactorial logic regression procedure. A non-linear threshold dependence was established for incorporated plutonium, with the threshold being at 8 kBq to correspond to 80 kGy. This relationship has been particularly distinct in cases of adenocarcinoma. No significant results have been obtained for the "dose-response" relationship in chronic external exposure to gamma irradiation. Said dependence for tobacco smoking appeared to be linear. Most pronounced variations were recorded for squamous cell carcinoma.

[An evaluation of the role of radiation and nonradiation factors in the development of lung cancer in workers at a radiochemical enterprise (1)]. / Otsenka roli radiatsionnykh i ne radiatsionnykh faktorov v razvitii raka legkogo u rabotnikov radiokhimicheskogo predpriiatiia (soobshchenie 1).

A case-control study using logistic regression included 500 employees of the nuclear works (162 patients with lung carcinoma and 338 healthy controls). After examination of radiation and nonradiation causative factors 5 proved statistically significant. For them the following chance proportions were obtained: smoking 6.6, plutonium pneumosclerosis 4.6, plutonium incorporation 3.1, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases 2.1, external gamma-radiation 1.6. Attributive risk for the total of the radiation factors makes up 25% at the most while of the nonradiation factors at least 70%.

[Evaluation of radiation and non-radiation factors in the development of lung cancer in radiochemical plant employees]. / Otsenka vklada radiatsionnykh i neradiatsionnykh faktorov v razvitii raka lëgkogo u rabotnikov radiokhimicheskogo predpriiatiia.

Five hundred workers of a nuclear facility (162 cases of lung cancer and 338 healthy subjects) were examined on a case-control basis using the logical regression method and 10 radiation and non-radiation factors. Five significant factors were identified. The following rick values were obtained for them: tobacco smoking-6.6; plutonium-associated pneumosclerosis-4.6; plutonium incorporation-3.1; chronic non-specific diseases of the lung-2.1 and gamma ray exposure-1.6. Radiation-associated rick was under 25%, while that of non-radiation factors not less than 70%.