[Ozone therapy for protracted pneumonias].

After 3 weeks or more of treatment, 36 patients who were found to have X-ray signs of pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrative changes, fever, productive cough, weakness) were randomized into two matched groups (a study group and a control one). 77.7 and 55% of control and study group patients changed and continued antibacterial therapy. The study group patients were additionally given intravenous infusions of 400 ml of ozonized sodium chloride solution (pO3) containing 1.6 microg/ml of O3 twice weakly for 21 days. Blood ozonization considerably accelerated the resolution time of X-ray infiltrative changes so that they were undetectable in all study group patients by week 4 while they were only in 61.1% of the control groups. Blood ozonization used in combination with antibiotics permitted caused a sputum negative reaction against Chlamydia and Mycoplasma 2-3 weeks earlier. Infusions of pO3 just after the first ozonization made it possible to eliminate a clinical sign of chronic infection, such as weakness, to accelerate productive cough relief on day 10, and to reduce the number of fever patients. Ozone therapy for protracted pneumonias substantially enhances the efficiency of antibiotic treatment.

[Reduced mycobacterial resistance to antituberculous drugs in the experiment and clinic: immediate and long-term results].

A suspension of multidrug resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strain, at a concentration of 1 x 10(8) microbes per ml, resistant to streptomycin (S), rifampicin (R), isoniazid (I), and kanamycin (K), was in vitro treated for 60 minutes with dissolved ozone (pO3) at a concentration of 0.5-4 microg/ml). Then it was placed in the Lowenstein-Jensen media containing various concentrations of S, I, R, and K. Following 3 months, drug susceptibility was determined by the number of cultured colonies and MBT was used to prepare a suspension at the same concentration, which was again treated with pO3 by the same procedure and placed to the media containing the drugs. A session was thrice repeated. After each pO3 treatment, MBT resistance to I decreased and it completely disappeared after triple treatment. Each pO3 treatment caused a reduction in MBT resistance to R, but it was high (640 microg/ml). After double pO3 treatment MBT resistance to S decreased, but it was recovered after its third ozone treatment. All pO3-untreated control cultures showed a growth of more than 100 colonies. Sixty-eight BALC/s mice were in vivo inoculated via intravenous injections of the clinical MBT strain resistant to S, I, R, and K. The mice were divided into 5 groups: 1) intact mice; 2) those inoculated and untreated; 3) those treated with 1; 4) those treated with I and peritoneally given pO3, 0.5-4 microg/ml); and 5) those given pO3. The animals began dying at month 4 of inoculation. By month 5, all mice, other than intact and pO3-treated ones, died. Passage of MBT from the month by month 4 showed a reduction in their resistance to I in the groups treated with pO3. When the mice were treated with I alone, damages to their livers and spleens were greater than when they were untreated. With co-administration of I and pO3, the damage was least. Treatment provoked a rapid change of MBT to granular and L-forms and MBT was undetectable in its typical form after 1-2-month therapy. The altered MBT formed an untypical histological pattern of tuberculous inflammation in mice in the presence of characteristic cellular cooperation. Clinical studies indicated that 1-6-month concurrent use of chemotherapy and pO3 in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis eliminated drug resistance of isolated MBT to one of the drugs (I, R, K) in 97.3%, MBT became at once susceptible to I, R, and K in 47.2%. I and/or R were successfully used in the treatment of more than a third of the patients. The studies have demonstrated that most patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis can be treated with the most effective drugs provided that systemic intravenous injection of pO3 is made.

[Use of dissolved ozone in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis in mice]. / Ispol'zovanie rastvorennogo ozona pri lechenii éksperimental'nogo tuberkuleza u myshei.

Sixty-eight BALB/c mice were infected with the intravenous injections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), a clinical strain resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and kanamycin. The mice were divided into 5 groups: Groups 1 and 2 were control (intact and infected without being treated, respectively). Group 3 mice were treated with isoniazid; Group 4 received isoniazid in combination with intraperitoneal dissolved ozone (pO3); and Group 5 was given pO3. The animals began to die at month 4 of infection. By month 5, mice died all, except for intact and pO3-treated ones. On inoculation of MBT from the lung, there was a reduction in isoniazid resistance in the pO3-treated groups. The lesion was least when isoniazid was used in combination with pO3. The mechanism responsible for that pO3 lowers drug resistance in MBT and whether it is expedient to co-administer isoniazid and pO3 in undetected drug resistance in MBT are under discussion.

[Changes in drug resistance of Mycobacteria in the simultaneous use of chemotherapy and intravenous infusions of dissolved ozone]. / Izmenenie lekarstvennoi ustoichivosti mikobakterii pri odnovremennom ispol'zovanii khimioterapii i vnutrivennykh infuzii rastvorennogo ozona.

The outcomes of treatment were analyzed in 56 patients with ever-progressive multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis who had been long isolating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the study group (n = 36), 75% isolated MBT resistant to streptomycin (S), isoniazid (I), rifampicin (R), and kanamycin (K). In this connection, 41.7% of them received only 2 second-line antituberculous drugs and 27.8% took 3 drugs. The control group (n = 20) was comparable with the study group in the rate of bacterial isolation and in the drug resistance of the causative agent. In addition to chemotherapy (CT), dissolved ozone (pO3) was intravenously injected to the patients of the study group twice a week. They received a total of 12 to 55 infusions. Four-month addition of pO3 infusions to CT eliminated the resistance of isolated MBT to I and/or R. MBT became susceptible to I in 38.9% of the patients, R in 16.7%, and to K in 11.2%. By month 4, the isolated MBT became susceptible to I, R, and K in 47.2%. The mechanisms responsible for lowering drug resistance in MBT are discussed. The clinical example shows that patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may be treated with first-line drugs provided that systemic intravenous injection of pO3 is performed.

[Decreased resistance of multiresistant mycobacteria to isoniazid during the treatment of experimental tuberculosis with ozone and isoniazid]. / Snizhenie ustoichivosti polirezistentnykh mikobakterii k izoniazidu pri lechenii éksperimental'nogo tuberkuleza ozonom i izoniazidom.

Mycobacteria (MB) of the clinical strain resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid (IN), rifampicin and kanamycin were injected intravenously into 68 BALB/c mice. The animals were divided into 5 groups: two control groups 0 and 1 (intact and infected without subsequent treatment), group 2 (treated with IN), group 3 (treated with IN and injected intraperitoneally with dissolved ozone, or dO3), group 4 (injected with dO3). The animals started to die by month 4 after the infection. By month 5 all mice died with the exception of intact mice and those treated with dO3). By month 4 the study of MB cultures isolated from the lungs revealed a decrease in their resistance to IN in the groups undergoing treatment with dO3. Hepatic and splenic lesions were observed after treatment with IN only were greater than in the absence of treatment. After the use of IN + dO3 such lesions were the least. The mechanism of a decrease in the medicinal resistance of MB under the action of dO3 and the expediency of the simultaneous use IN and dO3 in cases of the unknown medicinal resistance of MB are discussed.

[Dissolved ozone treatment-induced change in the resistance of multi-resistant mycobacterial strain to isoniazid and rifampicin]. / Izmenenie ustoichivosti k izoniazidu i rifampitsinu poliresistentnogo shtamma mikobakterii tuberkuleza posle obrabotki rastvorennym ozonom.

For 60 minutes, a mycobacterial (MBT) clinical strain resistant to streptomycin (S), rifampicin (R), isoniazid (I) was treated with dissolved ozone (PO3) at the concentration used for intravenous injection in the clinic. Then the strain was added to the Löwenstein-Jesen solid medium containing different concentrations of antituberculous agents. Following 3 weeks, drug sensitivity was determined by the number of grown colonies. Then MBT were retreated with PO3 in the same fashion, by repeating the cycle three times. At week 3, a growth of over 100 colonies was recorded in all control cultures. After each PO3 treatment of the strain, there was a reduction in its resistance to I and R. After triple treatment, MBT sensitivity to I completely recovered. In the R-containing media, there was also decrease in drug resistance, but the latter remained high (640 mu/ml). S resistance substantially lowered after the second PO3 treatment, but it restored after the third one. A mechanism responsible for lower MBT resistance to I and R under the action of "therapeutical" concentrations of PO3 is analyzed. The paper discusses whether MBT resistance can be changes at the phenotypic level rather that at the genetic one.

[Use of soluble ozone in combined treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: lipid peroxidation and blood antioxidative defense systems]. / Sostoianie sistemy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i antioksidantnoi zashchity krovi pri ispol'zovanii rastvorennogo ozona v kompleksnom lechenii tuberkuleza legkikh.

Changes in lipid peroxidation and blood antioxidative defense systems and red blood cell function were studied in 16 patients with prolonged progressive pulmonary tuberculosis in response to intravenous soluble ozone (SO) administration. There was a drastic rise in the activity of intraerythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a reduction in intracellular malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels. In the remaining patients, there was a decrease in the activity of SOD and an increase in intraerythrocytic MDA concentrations. Plasma catalase activity increased in all patients and MDA levels lowered. It is proposed that initial SO doses for patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis should be chosen on an individual basis by taking into account intraerythrocytic SOD-MDA changes due to SO initiation.

[Enhancing the impact of chemotherapy of tuberculosis with parenteral administration of dissolved ozone]. / Usilenie éffekta khimioterapii tuberkuleza parenteral'nym vvedeniem rastvorennogo ozona.

Thirty three patients with acute progressive chronic pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to be intolerable since they had gross damage and gained no benefits from chemotherapy due to the multidrug resistance of Mycobacteria tuberculosis were given an additional course of intravenous dissolved ozone administration (PO3). Before PO3 administration, more than half (57.4%) of the patients received only 1 or 2 antituberculous drugs (ethambutole and ethionamide or ethambutole and oprofloxacin). PO3 produced a pronounced disintoxifying effect, resulting in cessation of bacterial isolation. The stabilization of a tuberculous process was verified by clinical, X-ray, and laboratory studies in 75.8% of patients. This made it possible to perform bulky operations on the lung. When there was a postoperative progression of the underlying process in the single lung, chemotherapy was supplemented by intravenous PO3, which also promoted the stabilization of the process. The use of PO3 expands the spectrum of used agents and enhances the impact of chemotherapy in the treatment of patients isolating multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis in both pre- and postoperative periods, this increases the rate of operability in the most serious patients.

[In vitro bactericidal action of dissolved ozone on different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. / Bakteritsidnoe vozdeistvie rastvorennogo ozona na razlichnye shtammy mikobakterii tuberkuleza in vitro.

The mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains H37 Rv (USA and Czechoslovakia), Erdman, and multiresistant clinical strain 2255 having different milliliter levels of microbes were kept in the soluble ozone at the concentrations of 1-4 micrograms/ml for 30 and 60 minutes. The soluble ozone-treated strains were cultured in the Finn-I medium. The soluble ozone at the concentration was found to produce bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on MBT, including multiresistant strains. The MBT strains resistant to antituberculosis agents were also more resistant to soluble ozone; however, longer exposure to the "therapeutical" concentrations of soluble ozone proved to damage multiresistant strains.

[Impact of ozonized sorbent hemocarboperfusion on kallikrein-kinin system in patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Vozdeistvie gemokarboperfuzii ozonirovannym sorbentom na sostoianie kallkrein-kininovoi sistemy u bol'nykh s progressiruiushchimi formami tuberkuleza legkikh.

The impact of ozonized sorbent hemocarboperfusion on the kallicrein-kinin system (KKS) was studied in 21 patients with slowly progressive (Group 1) and acute (Group 2) pulmonary tuberculosis. In Group 1 patients, the baseline values of KKS were suggestive of its depression with an increase in alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). In Group 2 patients, the activity of kallikrein was twice higher than the mean normal values with increased uptake of its precursor, a dramatic decrease in the level of alpha 2-macroglobulin and an acute phasic elevation of alpha 1-PI.

[Blood ozonation in the treatment of patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis concurrent with diabetes mellitus]. / Vozdeistvie ozonirovaniia krovi na techenie progressiruiushchego tuberkuleza legkikh u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Twenty nine patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis in the presence of diabetes mellitus were examined. Fifteen of them (a main group) had an additional course of intravenous dissolved ozone once 6-8 days (4 mg/ml per 400 ml of isotonic sodium chloride). By the end of month 2, 7 patients stopped massive bacterial expiration, which correlated with clinical improvement while a control group (n = 14) showed no clinical and laboratory changes. Following 3 months, 3 control patients stopped massive bacterial expiration. At month 6, 11 patients of the main group also did this, decay cavities became close in 8 patients while in the controls, these figures were 8 and 7, respectively. The use of systemic blood ozoning eliminated chemotherapy resistance and accelerated abacillation and healing in the decay cavities. The mechanism of action of dissolved ozone is discussed.

[Action of dissolved ozone on mycobacterium tuberculosis and alveolar macrophages in experimental tuberculosis]. / Vliianie rastvorennogo ozona na mikobakterii tuberkuleza i al'veoliarnye makrofagi pri eksperimental'nom tuberkuleze.

Sixty CBA mice were intravenously inoculated with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains Erdman and 2255 (a polyresistant clinical strain) pretreated with dissolved ozone (experimental groups), a single therapeutical dose. of dissolved ozone being intravenously injected. By 1 month of inoculation, all control mice (MBT-inoculated and ozone-untreated) died and in their organs there were a great deal of MBT both outside and inside the macrophages. No pathogen in its typical form was not found in experimental mice, but there were many granular and L forms, the lung showing a large number of highly vacuolized (foamy) alveolar macrophages (AM). All experimental mice survived by month 5 and their organ examination showed that the pathogen was detectable only inside the macrophages, but they are chiefly unchanged (more elongated and badly stained with aniline dyes). Juvenile forms are prevalent among AM. It should be concluded that the action of dissolved ozone on AM and MBT is heterodirectional.

[The action of blood ozonization on the course of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with diabetes mellitus]. / Vozdeistvie ozonirovaniia krovi na techenie progressiruiushchego tuberkuleza legkikh, sochetaiushchegosia s sakharnym diabetom.

A course intravenous injection of dissolved ozone to patients with rapidly progressing lung tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus in resistance to antituberculous drugs for 3-4 weeks eliminates this resistance and reduces bacterial discharge including polyresistant strains (MDR-tuberculosis). The percentage of closed caverns significantly increased. Mechanisms of etiopathogenic impact of parenteral dissolved ozone are discussed.

[The use of an ozonized sorbent in treating patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hepatitis]. / Ispol'zovanie ozonirovannogo sorbenta v lechenii bol'nykh progressiruiushchim tuberkulezom legkikh v sochetanii s gepatitom.

After analyzing comparative data on various treatments for progressive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hepatitis, it is inferred that ozonized sorbent hemocarboperfusions are effective modality against the above condition. Ozone does not activate lipid peroxidation in blood, while it might activate electrochemical blood oxidation on the sorbent membrane and produce a direct therapeutic effect on hepatocytes.

[Hemocarboperfusion with an ozonized sorbent in the treatment of patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hepatitis]. / Gemokarboperfuziia ozonirovannym sorbentom v lechenii bol'nykh progressiruiushchim tuberkulezom legkikh v sochetanii s gepatitami.

Evidence is given on the use of hemocarboperfusion for treating patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hepatitis. The use of a hemosorbent that was preliminary treated with ozone promoted fuller restoration of liver function. The materials are given, which support a hypothesis to the effect that contact of blood with sorbent induces not only sorption but also as enzymatic-catalytic process. It was suggested that the ozone-treated sorbent displays properties similar to those inherent in the oxygenase cell system, i. e. they promote the "transformation" of oxidized substrates from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states.

[Surgical treatment of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and liver pathology]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie bol'nykh destruktivnym tuberkulezom legkikh pri nalichii patologii pecheni.

The results of surgical treatment of 102 patients with destructive tuberculosis of the lungs and liver pathology are presented. It was shown possible to widen the operability ranges in the patients by using the up-to-date treatment including hemosorption and laser technique. After hemosorption there was a significant improvement of liver function. Data on efficiency of the surgical treatment (90.2 per cent) in the group of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at high surgical risk are indicated.

[Hemosorption in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Gemosorbtsiia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

Hemosorption was applied to 82 patients with complicated pulmonary tuberculosis and concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, liver affections and others. The use of hemosorbents SKN, plastic systems and heparin regional dosing devices made the procedure less traumatic, provided the use of heparin lower doses and application of hemosorption to patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The described hemosorption procedure proved to be sparing and low traumatic.