[Memorial museum to Academician O.V. Palladin (on the 25th anniversary of the foundation]. / Memorial'nyi muzei akademika O.V. Palladina (do 24-richchia z dnia zasnuvannia).

In the article the short information about A.V. Palladin Memorial Museum, displaying some documentary materials on the life, scientific, scientific-administrative and enlightenment activity of the founder of the Institute of Biochemistry and Ukrainian Biochemical school, President of UkSSR Academy of Sciences (1946-1962), outstanding scientist and public figure, Academician Alexander Vladimirovich Palladin (1885-1972). The Museum created according to the Resolution of the UkSSR Soviet of Ministers due to the efforts of the Institute personnel, is officially considered as an affiliate of the State Historical Museum of Kiev and acquired a wide-spread reputation as a center of propagation and study of the history of Ukraine biochemical science, its achievements, contribution of the native scientists into the world treasury of the life sciences.

[Academician A.V. Palladin as a founder of the scientific school of functional neurochemistry]. / Akademik A.V. Palladin--Osnovatel' nauchnoi shkoly funktsional'noi neirokhimii.

The article deals with some data revealing the scientific heredity of one of the pioneers, prominent patriarch of the world neurochemistry, academician O.V. Palladin as well as his scientific school on the functional neurochemistry. There have been displayed the most essential achievements of Palladin's school in two basic trends: 1) Estimation of the nerve tissue chemical topography--determination of the chemical components localization and content in morphologically and functionally different branches and microstructural formations of the central and peripheral nerve systems; 2) Initiating and inventing in the field of the functional neurochemistry--identification of the links between the content and intensity of the biochemical transformations of the intracellular chemical components and functional activity of the nerve tissue various structures, as well as these structures physiological functions molecular mechanisms. There are some data about O.V. Palladins's and his disciples participation in the work of the international and european neurochemical societies as well as in some international neurochemical journals, congresses and so on.

[Role of S-100 protein in the function of brain cell nuclei]. / Rol' belka S-100 v funktsionirovanii kletochnykh iader mozga.

Data on physico-chemical properties and functional role of protein S-100 have been generalized. An analysis of literary data permits making a conclusion that the protein interaction with Ca2+ ions plays great part in its action mechanisms. Data are presented on the properties of the family of Ca-binding proteins similar to protein S-100 as to their structure. Peculiar attention is paid to the analysis of this protein function in the cellular nucleus, changing the degree of proteins phosphorylation and RNA synthesis.

[Biochemical aspects of the action of local anesthetics]. / Biokhimicheskie aspekty deistviia mestnykh anestetikov.

Notions on the molecular mechanisms of anesthesia are presented. The chemical characteristics are given for main representatives of certain groups of local anesthetics with peculiarities of their membrane-tropic action mentioned. The effect of local anesthetics on the synaptic transmission, membrane enzymes, ion transport through the cell membranes is considered simultaneously with the anesthesia phenomenon on the basis of the data available in literature and results of the authors' investigations.

[Mechanism of ethonium effect on membrane preparations of brain Na+, K+-ATPase]. / K mekhanizmu deistviia étoniia na membrannye preparaty Na+, K+-ATPazy mozga.

The effect of ethonium, a local anesthetic, on the membrane preparations of brain N+, K+-ATPase was studied by fluorescent, radioisotopic, electron-microscopic and electrophysiological methods. Ethonium is established to affect the formation of an intermediate phosphorylated product and has no pronounced destructive effect on the membrane. It changes the fluorescence intensity of 2-toluidinonaphthalen-6-sulphonate (TNS), astrafloxin (AF) and fluorene probes in a suspension of the Na+, K+-ATPase preparations, which evidences for ethonium-induced changes in the structure of membrane fragments.

[Effect of protein S-100 on phosphorylation of nuclear proteins of cells of rat brain and liver]. / Vliianie belka S-100 na fosforilirovanie belkov iader kletok mozga i pecheni krys.

The effect of acidic neurospecific protein S-100 on the phosphorylation of brain and liver nuclear proteins with 1 and 10 microM ATP was investigated. It was shown that protein S-100 increases the phosphorylation of brain nuclear proteins, while antigen D, another acidic neurospecific protein half-identical to 14-3-2 protein, inhibits this process. Ca2+ and cAMP at concentration of 10(-6) M do not affect the phosphorylation of brain nuclear proteins. In control assays the tracer 32P is presumably incorporated into high molecular weight nuclear protein fractions (Mr greater than 40000). After addition of protein S-100 the tracer is mainly incorporated into these proteins as well independently of ATP concentration (1 or 10 microM). The phosphorylation of nuclear proteins with molecular weights above 100000 is mostly increased in this case. At ATP concentration of 1 microM protein S-100 decreases histone phosphorylation 2.3 times but does not affect that of non-histone proteins. However, at 10 microM ATP the inhibitory action of this protein on histone phosphorylation is absent. The possible mechanisms of protein S-100 action on nuclear proteins phosphorylation are discussed.

[Advances of Ukrainian scientists in research on nerve tissue proteins]. / Uspekhi ukrainskikh uchenykh v issledovanii belkov nervnoi tkani.

The paper deals with the analysis and assessment of basic results concerning investigations of nervous tissue proteins and their metabolism. The studies have been made in research institutions of the Ukrainian SSR for 60 years (1922-1982) and are of importance for comprehending the role of these proteins in the structural and biochemical organization of the nervous tissue and participation in its physiological functions and pathological processes. Special attention is payed to elucidation of the results and prospects for studies dealing with physicochemical properties and biological role of certain neurospecific proteins--protein S-100, antigen D (protein 14-3-2), the basic encephalitogenic protein myelin and protein P2.

[Neurospecific antigen D in the postnatal ontogeny of rat brain structures]. / Neirospetsificheskii antigen D v postnatal'nom ontogeneze struktur mozga krys.

The time course of antigen D similar to well-known neurospecific proteins 14-3-2 and antigen alpha was studied during postnatal ontogenesis of brain structures of Wistar rats: Cross immunoelectrophoresis was made use of to measure the content of antigen D in the visual cortex, hippocamp and nucleus caudatus of rats aged 7, 14, 21 and 30 days and 1 year. Changes in the levels of two antigen D components, slow- and fast-migrating (SMC and FMC) were recorded to show that their content in the test structures increased most intensely from the 14th to the 21st day of postnatal development. In all the brain structures of tendency was recorded towards the increased SMC/FMC ratio during postnatal ontogenesis, that may point to an important role of FMC for bain functions in maturing and adult animals.

[Effect of phospholipase A2 from the venoms of bee and Middle Asian cobra on choline uptake by synaptosomes]. / Vliianie fosfolipaz A2 iz iadov pchely i sredneaziatskoi kobry na zakhvat kholina sinaptosomami.

The effect of purified phospholipase A2 from venom of the bee Apis mellifica and from venom of the cobra Naja naja oxiana on the Na+-dependent high affinity choline transport into the synaptosomes of rabbit corpus striatum (active uptake) was studied. Both phospholipases A2 were shown to inhibit the active choline uptake by the synaptosomes. The bee venom phospholipase at a concentration of 10(-8) M and the cobra venom phospholipase at a concentration of 10(-6) M produced a 50% inhibition of choline uptake. A relationship was found between the enzymatic activity of the phospholipases and their ability to block choline uptake by the synaptosomes. A removal of Ca-ions from the medium abolished the effects of both phospholipases. Replacement of Ca2+ by Sr2+ inhibited the effect of the cobra venom phospholipases but did not inhibit that of bee venom enzyme.

[Effect of ethylenediamine derivatives on Na+, K+-ATPase and K+-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of brain enzyme preparations]. / O vliianii riada proizvodnykh etilendiamina na Na+, K+-ATP-aznuiu i K+-n-nitrofenilfosfataznuiu aktivnosti fermentnykh preparatov mozga.

The activity of Na+, K+-ATPase preparations was studied as affected by ethonium and its analogs. Ethonium is found to be able of producing a strong inhibitory effect on the Na+, K+-ATPase and K+-n-nitrophenyl phospnatase activities (I50 = 2.5.10(-5) and 6.5.10(-5) M, respectively). The inhibition is irreversible under experimental conditions and is reduced when the concentration of protein and sodium ions in the incubation medium rises. A dependence is found between the inhibitory effect of the analogs and the length of their hydrocarbon radical (the inhibition maximum corresponds to bisquarternary ammonium compound with the hydrocarbon radical consisting of 10 links) and some kinetic characteristics of this effect are studied. It is supposed that the mechanism of the inhibitory effect is due to the ethonim binding by the hydrocarbon radical in the preparation hydrophobic zone, the electrostatic interaction being not excluded.

[Binding of protein SCP to myelin, its identity with protein P2. A simple method of protein P2 isolation]. / Sviaz' belka SCP s mielinom, identichnost' ego belky P2. Prostoi metod vydeleniia belka P2.

Protein SCP is found in myelin of spinal cord and spinal roots. It is shown that its amount accounts for 12% of the total protein content in myelin of spinal roots and only for 2% in myelin of spinal cord. Almost all the studied protein is extracted from myelin with 0.1 M NaCl (80-90%). The absolute identity of protens SCP and P2 is established using the cross reaction immunodiffusion with monospecific antisera. It is shown that- N-terminal amino acid in protein SCP, like in protein P2 is blocked. On the basis of the data obtained a conclusion is made that protein P2 is not an integral protein of myelin. However, myelin is capable under conditions of a nonionic medium of binding protein which then may be easily extracted by increasing the medium ionic strength. This gave reasons to propose a method for protein P2 isolation from myelin using 0.15 M NaCl with the subsequent purification by means of Sephadex G-50 gelfiltration.

[Therapeutic effect of myelin basic protein and synthetic encephalitogenic peptide in guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. / Izuchenie lechebnogo deistviia osnovnogo belka mielina i sinteticheskogo éntsefalitogennogo peptida u morskikh svinok s éksperimental'nym allergicheskim éntsefalomielitom.

Effect of antigenic factors of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (alkaline protein of myelin and synthetic encephalitogenic peptide) was studied in guinea pigs with distinct manifestations of the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The animals recovered after prolonged administration of alkaline protein of myelin within 14 days, if they were sensibilized either by bovine alkaline protein of myelin or by synthetic encephalitogenic peptide. Synthetic encephalitogenic peptide was only effective in treatment of the disease caused by the peptide.

[ATPase activity of the guinea pig central nervous system tissue with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. / ATF-azna aktivnist' tkanini tsentral'noi nervovoi sistemi mors'koi svinki pri eksperimental'nomu alergichnomu entsefalomieliti.

It is established that the activity of Na+, K+ = ATPase and Mg2+, Ca2+ = ATPase lowers significantly at the paralytic stage of the disease. At earlier stages of the disease preceding the appearance of peculiar neurological symptoms (the seventh and fourteenth days of the incubation period) a decrease of the Mg2+, Ca2+ = ATPase activity was observed in the brain and spinal cord, whereas the Na+, K+ = ATPase activity in the brain remained at the control level up to the appearance of the disease clearly developed symptoms. The Na+, K+ = ATPase activity of the brain on the fourteenth day of the incubation period corresponded to the level of the activity at the paralytic stage of the disease.

[Comparative immunologic and physico-chemical properties of neurospecific antigens--bull antigen D and rat antigen alpha]. / Porivniannia imunolohichnykh ta fizyko-khimichnykh vlastyvostei neirospetsyfichnykh antyheniv--antihena D byka i antihena alpha shchura

Immunological and physicochemical properties were compared for water-soluble acid neurospecific antigens: D of the bull and alpha of the rat. During immunoelectrophoresis in agar gel antigen D migrates as two immunologically indentical fractions having a position of prealbumins and alpha-globulins of blood serum. Antigen D from the bull brain is incompletely immunologically identical with antigen alpha from the rat brain. The molecular weight of antigen D determined under conditions of Sephadex G-100 column gel chromatography is 73000.

[Guinea pig spinal cord sterols in allergic encephalomyelitis]. / Doslidzhennia steriniv spynnoho mozku mors'kykh svynok za alerhichnoho entsefalomiielitu

Composition of sterols of the guinea pigs spinal cord unsaponifiables fraction was studied with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). It is established that under conditions of EAE the cholesterol content is decreased by 48% as compared to normal. The amount of latosterol lowers as well and is 2.64 mg/g under normal conditions and 1.61 mg/g with EAE. A steroid compound which is more polar than cholesterol is found in the spinal cord. It is supposed to be cholesterol ether.

[Heterogeneity of neurospecific protein S-100]. / Pro heterohennist' neirospetsyfichnoho bilka S-100

Protein S-100 specific for the nervous system was isolated from the bull cerebral hemispheres by the Steward method and antiserum monospecific to it was obtained. In immunoelectrophoretical study of the initial brain extract with antiserum detected the paired line of precipitation consisting of two arcs in the zone of prealbumins and alpha2-globulins of the the serum, and that with purified protein fraction showed only one arc corresponding to the prealbumin component. The purified protein S-100 fraction in agar gel is divided into a series of prealbumin electrophoretic zones, with a pre-protein locating chiefly in the most mobile zone. It is established that heterogeneity of protein S-100 with electrophoresis in agar gel and immunophoresis is due to the presence of calcium ions in the systems. In the presence of 1 mM EDTA solution the one or two closely located prealbumin zones of purified protein S-100 migrates. The obtained monospecific antiserum made it possible to establish that two-fractional antigen A detected previously by the heterogenic antisera is protein S-100.

[Dielectric permeability and the specific resistance of a freshly obtained myelin preparation]. / Dielektrychna pronyknist' i pytomyi opir svizhooderzhanoho preparatu miielinu

The article deals with dispersion of dielectric constant and specific resistance of myelin obtained by the Autilio method from white substance of the cattle brain within frequency range of 90 Hz-100 kHz at a temperature of 20 degrees C as well as with instability of these parameters for 60 min at frequencies of 110, 10(3) and 10(4) Hz. Myelin has an extremely high dielectric constant, which might be due to the presence of water and a macromolecular structure. The result of the measurements are of interest when comparing and adding some details to the data of the microelectrode studies.

[Effect of temperature and proteolytic enzymes on the immunological properties of 2 acid neurospecific antigens]. / Vplyv temperatury ta proteolitychnykh fermentiv na imunolohichni vlastyvosti dvokh kyslykh neirospetslyfichnykh antyheniv

The immunological properties of water-soluble acid neurospecific antigens A and D of the bull brain were studied as affected by heating and proteolytical enzymes (trypsin, mixture of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin, protease from Streptomyces griseus). The immunological activity of antigen A is not changed essentially after its heating for 20 min at a temperature of 70-80 and 24-hour proteolysis with trypsin. Heating at 90-100 C as well as hydrolysis with protease from Streptomyces griseus and mixture of trypsin with alpha-chymotrypsin for the same time decrease the immunological activity of antigen A. The immunological activity of antigen A lowers after heating for 20 minutes at a temperature of 60 C and the action of all the studied proteolytical enzymes for 24 hours. The data obtained evidence for protein nature of antigens A and D.

[Peptide hydrolase activity of the soluble protein fractions of cattle and rabbit cerebral hemispheric gray and white matter]. / Peptid-gidrolaznaia aktivnost' fraktsii rastvorimykh belkov belogo i serogo veshchestva bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga byka i krolika.

The neutral peptide-hydrolase activity of the soluble protein fraction of homogenates of whole brain and white and grey matters of bovine and rabbit cerebral hemispheres are significantly reduced on dialysis against water. In the evaporated dialysate the enzymatic activity of the soluble protein fraction is completely recovered. The reduction of peptide hydrolase activity following dialysis is probably due to the decrease of ionic strengths. The peptide hydrolase system of bovine brain is less stable on storage than that of rabbit brain.