[Problems in drug prevention and treatment of endogenous infection and dysbacteriosis]. / Problemy khimioprofilaktiki i khimioterapii endogennoí infektsii i disbakterioz.

Dysbacteriosis is an important pathogenetic condition in the development of endogenous infection whose treatment and prevention are among the most topical and challenging problems. The common cause of dysbacteriosis is antibiotic therapy and prevention of surgical infection. Antibiotic therapy should be performed in accordance to strict indications, with compliance of rational regimens and methods for using drugs. Adequate local and parenteral drugs should be given in wound infection. To prevent endogenous infection, selective gastrointestinal decontamination (SD) that requires bacteriological surveillance of the patient's intestinal microflora and the environment, as well as the use of eubiotics. In critically ill patients with multiple injuries, in patients on artificial pulmonary ventilation, other individuals at risk SD is highly effective, in which oral of intragastric antibiotics which are intestinally unabsorbable and active against only anaerobic opportunistic microbes were added by the same agents for the oral cavity and by lactic acid bifidumbacterin. The new biological drug Bifilys that contains the optimum balanced ratio of bifidobacteria and lysozyme and provides a prompt correction of microbiocenosis, local immunity, and intestinal function is highly effective in the treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis. Electrochemically activated solutions are also promising in treating dysbacteriosis and digestive infections. There are available original Russian antiviral synthetic and natural agents to make drug therapy and prevention of viral infections frequently complicating the status of weak patients.

[The chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of opportunistic infections]. / Khimioprofilaktika i khimioterapiia opportunisticheskikh infektsii.

Actual problems of organization and performance of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of surgical opportunistic infections are discussed with an account of the main principles of and new approaches to the use of antibacterial drugs. The analysis of the authors' observations showed that the pre- and postoperative use of parenteral antibacterial drugs such as cephalosporins (cefazolin and ceftriaxone) and their combinations with aminoglycosides, the simultaneous use of beta-lactams and lysozyme, the local application of new ointments based on polyethylenglycol, foaming agents and gentacycol were prophylactically efficient in patients with high risk of surgical infections. Endolymphatic administration of gentamicin and cefotaxime was highly efficient in the treatment and prophylaxis of severe surgical infections with lymphogenous dissemination of the pathogen or its risk. In the prophylaxis of endogenous infections special attention should be paid to the suppression of the opportunistic intestinal microflora by the use of fluorquinolones and selective decontamination followed by the correction of the intestinal microbiocenosis with probiotics (bifidobacteria), lysozyme and immunological lactoglobulins as dosage forms or dry milk biologically active additives to children diet and dietotherapy.

[Use of paper indicator discs for determining the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics]. / Ispol'zovanie bumazhnykh indikatornykh diskov dlia opredeleniia minimal'noi podavliaiushchei kontsentratsii antibiotikov.

Sensitivity of clinical strains of Staphylococcus and some Enterobacteriaceae to a number of widely used antibiotics was compared simultaneously with the use of two methods, i. e. the agar diffusion method and the method of serial dilutions. Regularities in distribution of the staphylococcal strains according to their sensitivity to antibiotics, such as erythromycin, benzylpenicillin, levomycetin and others were also studied with respect to every year using indicator paper discs. Interrelation observed during the comparison of the microbial sensitivity with the use of the two assay methods provided elaboration of the criteria for classification of the strains as "resistant" or "sensitive". The differentiation boarder for these two groups was determined according to the principle of the assay error minimization. A necessity of using standard dry media for specification of individual characteristics of various drugs in estimation of the microbial sensitivity to them by the agar diffusion method is emphasized.