Cardiac biogenic amine profile and its relationship with parameters of cardiovascular disease in obesity.

AIMS: To identify the cardiac biogenic amine profile of obese rats and associate these compounds with parameters of cardiovascular disease. MAIN METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 20) were randomly distributed into two groups: control and obese. Obesity was induced by a high-sugar fat diet. Biochemical parameters were evaluated. Doppler Echocardiography and systolic blood pressure; interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), protein carbonylation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and catalase activity were measured in cardiac tissue. HPLC evaluated the cardiac biogenic profile. Data were compared using the Student's T or Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman's correlation at 5% significance. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. KEY FINDINGS: Obesity generated hypertension, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and imbalanced all biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative markers (p < 0.001). Eight biogenic amines were found in cardiac tissue. Obesity increased serotonin and decreased agmatine, putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine. Serotonin (r = 0.534 to 0.808) was strong and positively correlated with obesity, biochemical parameters, cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction (p < 0.001). Spermidine (r = -0.560 to -0.680), putrescine (r = -0.532 to -0.805), cadaverine (r = -0.534 to -0.860), and agmatine (r = -0.579 to -0.884) were inversely correlated with the same parameters (p < 0.001). PCA allowed for distinguishing the control and obese groups. SIGNIFICANCE: There are strong correlations between cardiac biogenic amine levels, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction resulting from obesity. CONCLUSION: There is an association between cardiac biogenic amines and cardiovascular disease in obesity. In addition, agmatine, putrescine, cadaverine, and, mainly, serotonin may be new biomarkers for cardiovascular health in obesity and help to improve the diagnosis and treatment of CVD resulting or not from obesity. However, more research is needed to support this conclusion.

Fructose Consumption Alters Biogenic Amines Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. / Consumo de Frutose Altera Aminas Biogênicas Associadas a Fatores de Risco Cardiovasculares.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality worldwide, whose most prominent risk factor is unhealthy eating habits, such as high fructose intake. Biogenic amines (BAs) perform important functions in the human body. However, the effect of fructose consumption on BA levels is still unclear, as is the association between these and CVD risk factors. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish the association between BA levels and CVD risk factors in animals that consumed fructose. METHODS: Male Wistar rats received standard chow (n=8) or standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n=8) over a 24-week period. At the end of this period, the nutritional and metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters and plasmatic BA levels were analyzed. A 5% level of significance was adopted. RESULTS: Fructose consumption led to MS, reduced the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxitryptophan, and increased histamine. Tryptophan, histamine, and dopamine showed a correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters. CONCLUSION: Fructose consumption alters BAs associated with CVD risk factors.

FUNDAMENTO: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de mortalidade do mundo, e um de seus fatores de risco são os hábitos alimentares não saudáveis, tais como, o alto consumo de frutose. As aminas biogênicas (ABs) realizam funções importantes no corpo humano. Entretanto, o efeito do consumo de frutose nos níveis das ABs ainda não está claro, bem como a associação entre estes e os fatores de risco da DCV. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve o objetivo de estabelecer a associação entre os níveis de ABs e os fatores de risco de DCV em animais que consumiram frutose. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos receberam ração convencional (n=8) ou ração convencional + frutose na água de beber (30%) (n=8) durante 24 semanas. Ao final, foram analisados os parâmetros nutricionais e da síndrome metabólica (SM) e os níveis plasmáticos das ABs. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O consumo de frutose levou à SM, reduziu os níveis de triptofano e 5-hidroxitriptofano e aumentou a histamina. Os níveis de triptofano, histamina e dopamina apresentaram correlação com parâmetros de síndrome metabólica. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de frutose altera as ABs associadas a fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares.

Consumo de Frutose Altera Aminas Biogênicas Associadas a Fatores de Risco Cardiovasculares / Fructose Consumption Alters Biogenic Amines Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de mortalidade do mundo, e um de seus fatores de risco são os hábitos alimentares não saudáveis, tais como, o alto consumo de frutose. As aminas biogênicas (ABs) realizam funções importantes no corpo humano. Entretanto, o efeito do consumo de frutose nos níveis das ABs ainda não está claro, bem como a associação entre estes e os fatores de risco da DCV. Objetivo Este estudo teve o objetivo de estabelecer a associação entre os níveis de ABs e os fatores de risco de DCV em animais que consumiram frutose. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos receberam ração convencional (n=8) ou ração convencional + frutose na água de beber (30%) (n=8) durante 24 semanas. Ao final, foram analisados os parâmetros nutricionais e da síndrome metabólica (SM) e os níveis plasmáticos das ABs. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O consumo de frutose levou à SM, reduziu os níveis de triptofano e 5-hidroxitriptofano e aumentou a histamina. Os níveis de triptofano, histamina e dopamina apresentaram correlação com parâmetros de síndrome metabólica. Conclusão O consumo de frutose altera as ABs associadas a fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality worldwide, whose most prominent risk factor is unhealthy eating habits, such as high fructose intake. Biogenic amines (BAs) perform important functions in the human body. However, the effect of fructose consumption on BA levels is still unclear, as is the association between these and CVD risk factors. Objective This study aimed to establish the association between BA levels and CVD risk factors in animals that consumed fructose. Methods Male Wistar rats received standard chow (n=8) or standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n=8) over a 24-week period. At the end of this period, the nutritional and metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters and plasmatic BA levels were analyzed. A 5% level of significance was adopted. Results Fructose consumption led to MS, reduced the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxitryptophan, and increased histamine. Tryptophan, histamine, and dopamine showed a correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters. Conclusion Fructose consumption alters BAs associated with CVD risk factors.

Bioactive amines changes during the ripening and thermal processes of bananas and plantains.

Bioactive amines are found in food and can be relevant for the assessment of fruits shelf life and nutritional quality. The pulp and peel of 20 banana and plantain were analyzed and the bioactive amine content varied according to the genotype, ripening stage, fruit tissue and thermal processing. In most of the analyzed genotypes, tyramine, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, spermidine, and spermine were decreased during the ripening process in the pulps. By contrast, there was an increase in putrescine level. In many genotypes of plantains, the serotonin and dopamine contents in pulp decreased until stage 5 and increased at stage 7. Peels contain higher levels of serotonin, dopamine, histamine and tyramine than pulps. Additionally, thermal processing affects the content of amines present in fruit. Boiling with the peel should be preferred in domestic preparations, regardless of the genotype used.

Bark of Passiflora edulis Treatment Stimulates Antioxidant Capacity, and Reduces Dyslipidemia and Body Fat in db/db Mice.

Obesity is considered an important risk factor for several disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, which are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress as a trigger factor. Passiflora edulis contains important bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin C, and polyamines in pulp, leaves, seeds, and bark. Aim: To evaluate the effect of bark of Passiflora edulis (BPe) on body composition, and metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in genetically obese mice. Methods: Obese male db/db mice (n = 14 animals) received normal feeds and water ad libitum for 8 weeks. Then, animals were randomly divided to continue either receiving standard chow (obese, n = 7 (OB)) or feed with standard chow plus bark Passiflora edulis (BPe) (obese + BPe, n = 7 (OB + BPe)) for 8 more weeks, totaling 16 weeks. BPe was added to chow (7 g of BPe/kg of chow corresponding to 1.5 g/kg of body weight). The parameters evaluated in animals included food and caloric intake, body weight, body fat, plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity were evaluated in plasma and organs. Groups were compared by Student t-test, with p < 0.05. Results: BPe reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat deposit and adiposity index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, ameliorated the antioxidant capacity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conclusion: the bark of Passiflora edulis was effective in improving body composition, and metabolic and antioxidant parameters in obese mice.