[Morphometric characterization of hepatocytes during adaptation to extreme Antarctic factors].

The dynamics of ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of albino rats after prolonged influence of extreme Antarctic factors had been studied using the morphometric method. It was found that at the early stage of the experiment (7-45 days) the intracellular homeostasis in the hepatocytes was disturbed owing to a pronounced decrease in energy sources and plastic reserves (the decrease in numerical and volume density of the mitochondria, the reduction of the rough endoplasmic reticulum volume and the dilatation of its cisterns, the increase in the volume of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum). The following stages (up to 180 days) were characterized by a practically complete restoration of energy-plastic potential of the hepatocytes; at the conclusive stage of the experiment (270 days) the exhaustion of energy and, especially, of plastic reserves of the hepatocytes was noted (the significant decline in numerical density of the mitochondria and the relative volume of the rough endoplasmic reticulum).

[The structural reorganization of the myocardium in white rats under exposure to high temperature]. / Strukturnaia perestroika miokarda belykh krys pri vozdeistvii vysokoi temperatury.

The investigation was performed in 64 male albino rats, 18 of which stayed in comfortable conditions (control), while 48 were kept everyday for 4 hrs in open sun ground at temperature 30-40 degrees C during 3 months. Vascular-structural reorganizations in the myocardium of experimental animals developed during 1-15 days. Capillary-tissue disturbances increase with characteristic morphological manifestations of the blood circulation disorders prevailing in the left and right ventricles, sharp increase of vessel and capillary wall permeability, loosening of the organ stroma, dystrophic and degenerative processes in cardiomyocytes, presence of diapedese haemorrhages and decrease of glycogen content. From day 16 up to day 30 capillary-tissue disorders and manifestations of the structural-anatomic reorganizations subside although intramural blood circulation changes persist as well as single degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes and oedematous changes of the connective tissue framework. At later stages, up to day 90 the formed structural anatomical reorganizations stabolize, the signs of blood circulation disturbances disappear to significant extent, but complete normalization of microscopic myocardial structure does not occur.

[Adaptive rearrangements in the myocardium, lung and liver of mice in altitude conditions after administration of immunomodulators]. / Adaptatsionnye perestroiki v miokarde, legkikh i pecheni u myshei v usloviiakh vysokogoria na fone deistviia immunomoduliatorov.

In 120 non-inbred white rats, elevated to the height (4,000 m) after a preliminary administration of various combinations of T-activin and cyclophosphamide, structures of the myocardium, lungs and liver have been studied microscopically and morphometrically. Changes in the initial state of the immune system, independently of its character, at first stages of adaptation to conditions of altitude, essentially effect the organs responsible for specific mechanisms of adaptation. When the animals are elevated to the altitude after administration of cyclophosphamide, damaging predominantly the humoral immunity, formation of structural adaptive rearrangements is decelerated up to the 4th week. This practically means failure of adaptation. Preliminary administration of T-activin considerably smooths results of cyclophosphamide, preserving general dynamics in formation of adaptive shifts on the 25th-30th days of adaptation to the altitude.

[Vascularization of the testes of the white rat in the high altitude conditions of the Pamir and Antarctica]. / Vaskuliarizatsiia semennikov belykh krys v usloviiakh vysokogor'ia Pamira i Antarktidy.

By means of histometric and morphometric methods vascularization of the white rat testes has been studied at adaptation to living conditions in the Alpian Pamir (at the altitude of 4,000 m) and in the Antarctic Continent (at the altitude of 3,488 m). The leading factor in development of the parenchymatous rearrangements of the testes are certain disturbances of the microcirculatory link in the intraorganic bed. Different degree in manifestation of the morphological signs of the circulatory disturbances are revealed: plethora, interstitial tissue edema, degenerative changes in the spermatogenic epithelium cells and hence decreasing activity of spermatogenesis. The disturbances noted are essentially various in different stages of adaptation to the altitude. In contrast to the Pamir series of the experiment, in the group of the animals adapting to the living conditions of "Vostok" station, dilatation of the capillary lumens and signs of moderate plethora accompanying them remain up to the end of the observations.

[Features of the capillarization of the skeletal muscles of the white rat during adaptation to high altitude in the Pamir Mountains and the Antarctic]. / Osobennosti kapilliarizatsii skeletnoi myshtsy belykh krys v khode adaptatsii k usloviiam vysokogor'ia Pamira i Antarktidy.

The capillary-myofiber quantitative relations were examined morphometrically in 180 white male rats exposed for 1.5 month to altitudes of 3488-4000 m above sea level (Antarctic and Pamir highlands). During the first three weeks of adaptation drastic changes in the parameter were seen. It is suggested that one of the factors responsible for them is a shift in the functional status of muscles produced by the method of transportation of the animals to the high altitude environment.

[Morphology of the submandibular lymph nodes of white rats adapting to alpine conditions]. / Morfologiia podnizhnecheliustnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov belykh krys, adaptiruiushchikhsia k usloviiam vysokogor'ia.

A field experiment has been performed in white noninbred rats in order to study morphometrically structural reconstructions and cellular composition characteristics in the submandibular lymph nodes on the 1st, 3d, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th and 50th days after lifting them to the altitude of 3,375 m above sea-level. The data obtained demonstrate a stable increase in small lymphocytes contents during the days of the observations; they are accompanied with an increasing specific area of the folliculi and a decreasing area of the cortical plateau. An essential decrease in the plasmic cells and dividing cells contents noted during the whole experiment is regarded to demonstrate an inhibition of the organism's immune reactivity at hypoxic hypoxia. Certain time periods are revealed which are accompanied, during the adaptation period to the high-mountain conditions, with general reactions of definite cell types and the lymph node structures: the 1st-7th days; the 14th-30th days; the 45th day and more. According to the character of the cell reactions in the experiment performed, it is possible to arrange the main structures of the submandibular lymph nodes in the following order: folliculi, cortical plateau, sinuses, medullary cords.

[Myocardial capillarity of white rats during high-altitude hypoxia]. / Osobennosti kapilliarizatsii miokarda belykh krys pri vysokogornoi gipoksii.

In 128 mature white rats (males) after adaptation for 1--45 days, to 4,000 m altitude (North-West Pamir, Glasier Fortambek), weight characteristics of the heart were estimated (capillary diameters, their network density per 1 mm2 of the section summing length and volume in 1 mm3 of the right and left ventricular myocardium. Since the 21st day of the animals' staying at the altitute mentioned, a stable increase in the ventricular index occurs demonstrating a predominant right ventricular hyperfunction; the blood capillary volume in the left ventricular myocardium, during the whole time of the experiment, remains at the control levels, at the expense of the concomitant changes in the diameter and density. The blood capillary volume in the right ventricular myocardium, beginning from the first day of the experiment, increase essentially; this increase was kept up to the 14th day of the experiment, but, nevertheless, it remains at the control levels, at the expense of the concomitant changes in the diameter and density. The blood capillary volume in the right ventricular myocardium, beginning from the first day of the experiment, increase essentially; this increase was kept up to the 14th day of the experiment, but, nevertheless, it remains at the control levels, at the expense of the concomitant changes in the diameter and density. The blood capillary volume in the right ventricular myocardium, beginning from the first day of the experiment, increase essentially; this increase was kept up to the 14th day of the experiment, but, nevertheless, it did not exceed the volume indices of the left ventricular capillaries.

[Morphometric analysis of the state of the intraorganic blood vessels]. / Morfometricheskii analiz sostoianiia vnutriorgannykh krovenosnykh sosudov.

A method for reconstruction of intraorganic vessels sections visible in histological sections into the sections of regular round vessels with preservation of real area of their wall and lumen is presented. A new characteristic of the vessel state is introduced -- degree of elastic membrane twistiness. Changes in various branches of the dog pulmonary artery at burns and at simultaneous bilateral resection of 58% lung tissue are taken as an example in order to demonstrate that at a complex analysis of the vascular wall area/the lumen area ratio, taking into account the degree of elastic membrane twistiness, it is possible to differentiate functional changes of the vascular tonus from the organic ones.