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1.
Health Place ; 18(6): 1404-11, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22884291

RESUMO

The 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic has highlighted the importance of global health surveillance. Increasingly, global alerts are based on 'unexpected' 'events' detected by surveillance systems grounded in particular places. An emerging global governance literature investigates the supposedly disruptive impact of public health emergencies on mobilities in an interdependent world. Little consideration has been given to the varied scales of governance--local, national and global--that operate at different stages in the unfolding of an 'event', together with the interactions and tensions between them. By tracking the chronology of the H1N1 pandemic, this paper highlights an emergent dialogue between local and global scales. It also draws attention to moments of national autonomy across the global North and South which undermined the WHO drive for transnational cooperation.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Internacionalidade , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , México/epidemiologia , Organização Mundial da Saúde/organização & administração
2.
Soc Sci Med ; 74(2): 220-7, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22137243

RESUMO

The liberalisation of the European aviation sector has multiplied paths of entry into the United Kingdom (UK) for the international traveller. These changing mobilities necessitate a reconceptualisation of the border as a series of potentially vulnerable nodes occurring within, and extending beyond, national boundaries. In this paper, we consider the border through the lens of port health, the collective term for various sanitary operations enacted at international transport terminals. In the UK, a critical player in the oversight of port health is the Health Protection Agency (HPA), which became a non-Departmental public body in 2005. A major part of port health is preparedness, a set of techniques aimed at managing, and responding to, emergencies of public health concern. More recently, certain jurisdictions have embarked on public health preparedness work across a number of different geographical scales. Using methods pioneered by the military, this form of 'distributed preparedness' is of increased interest to social science and medical scholars. With reference to case studies conducted in localities surrounding two UK regional airports following the 2009-10 H1N1 influenza pandemic, we consider the extent to which distributed preparedness as a concept and a set of practices can inform current debates - in the UK, and beyond - concerning interventions at the border 'within'.


Assuntos
Aeroportos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Planejamento em Desastres/organização & administração , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Reino Unido
3.
Public Underst Sci ; 20(5): 658-73, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22164705

RESUMO

This paper contributes to extant understandings of media representations of climate change by examining the role of the English regional newspaper press in the transformation and dissemination of climate change discourse. Unlike previous accounts, this paper contends that such newspapers shape public understandings of climate change in ways that have yet to be adequately charted. With this in mind, this paper examines the ways in which global climate change is translated into a locally relevant phenomenon. That is, it focuses on its "domestication." Although we acknowledge that there are a number of ways in which this process occurs, specific attention is drawn to stories that highlight the destruction of local landscape features, the transformation of important habitats, and the arrival of "alien" species. The broader significance of such stories is considered in relation to long-standing debates concerning the importance of landscape to notions of national and regional identity.


Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Disseminação de Informação , Jornais como Assunto , Meio Ambiente , Aquecimento Global , Humanos , Reino Unido
4.
Health Place ; 16(4): 727-35, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20356779

RESUMO

During summer 2009, the UK experienced one of the highest incidences of H1N1 infection outside of the Americas and Australia. Building on existing research into biosecurity and the spread of infectious disease via the global airline network, this paper explores the biopolitics of public health in the UK through an in-depth empirical analysis of the representation of H1N1 in UK national and regional newspapers. We uncover new discourses relating to the significance of the airport as a site for control and the ethics of the treatment of the traveller as a potential transmitter of disease. We conclude by highlighting how the global spread of infectious diseases is grounded in particular localities associated with distinctive notions of biosecurity and the traveller.


Assuntos
Aviação/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Global , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Jornais como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Viagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Aviação/ética , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Surtos de Doenças/ética , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Jornalismo Médico , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Política , Prática de Saúde Pública/ética , Gestão da Segurança/ética , Gestão da Segurança/métodos , Viagem/ética , Reino Unido/epidemiologia
5.
Soc Sci Med ; 67(10): 1571-9, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18771835

RESUMO

During the last decades of the 20th century it became increasingly apparent that the inter-relationship between globalisation and health is extremely complex. This complexity is highlighted in debates surrounding the re-emergence of infectious diseases, where it is recognised that the processes of globalisation have combined to create the conditions where once localised, microbial hazards have come to pose a threat to many western nations. By contrast, in an emerging literature relating to the epidemic of non-communicable diseases, and reflected in the WHO 'Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health', it is the so-called 'western lifestyle' that has been cast as the main threat to a population's health. This paper explores critically global responses to this development. Building on our interest in questions of governance and the ethical management of the healthy body, we examine whether the global strategy, in seeking to contain the influence of a 'western lifestyle', also promotes contemporary 'western-inspired' approaches to public health practices. The paper indicates that a partial reading of the WHO strategy suggests that certain countries, especially those outside the West, are being captured or 'enframed' by the integrative ambitions of a western 'imperial' vision of global health. However, when interpreted critically through a postcolonial lens, we argue that 'integration' is more complex, and that the subtle and dynamic relations of power that exist between countries of the West/non-West, are exposed.


Assuntos
Saúde Global , Política de Saúde/tendências , Promoção da Saúde/tendências , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos
6.
BMC Psychiatry ; 7: 48, 2007 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17850674

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Depression causes substantial disease burden in both developed and developing countries. To reduce this burden, we need to promote understanding of depression as a major health condition. The International Depression Literacy Survey (IDLS) has been developed to assess understanding of depression in different cultural and health care settings. METHODS: Four groups of Australian university students completed the survey: medical students in second (n = 103) and fourth (n = 82) years of a graduate course, ethnic Chinese students (n = 184) and general undergraduate students (n = 38). RESULTS: Differences between the student groups were evident, with fourth year medical students demonstrating greater general health and depression literacy than second year medical students. Australian undergraduate students demonstrated better depression literacy than those from ethnic Chinese backgrounds. Ethnicity also influenced help seeking and treatment preferences (with more Chinese students being inclined to seek help from pharmacists), beliefs about discrimination and perceptions regarding stigma. CONCLUSION: The IDLS does detect significant differences in understanding of depression among groups from different ethnic backgrounds and between those who differ in terms of prior health training. These preliminary results suggest that it may be well suited for use in a wider international context. Further investigation of the utility of the IDLS is required before these results could be extrapolated to other populations.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/etnologia , Escolaridade , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Povo Asiático/etnologia , Austrália/etnologia , China/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Soc Sci Med ; 64(6): 1343-54, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17188788

RESUMO

In May 2004 the World Health Organization (WHO) officially launched the 'Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health'. Lying at its heart is the recognition that many of the risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, particularly poor diet and physical inactivity, have begun to move beyond the confines of the West. It was this apparent shift in the epidemiological boundaries of such diseases, along with fears over the so-called 'double burden' that they presented to some nations, that finally prompted the WHO to develop such a far reaching strategy. This paper adds to the on-going debate surrounding this important issue by drawing on the concepts of medicalisation, governmentality and the spatiality of scientific knowledge to explore one particular element of it: namely, the identification of nature as a setting for the promotion of physical activity. We adopt this perspective because we are concerned to understand the ways in which the knowledge and practice of the 'new' public health travels. As our analysis reveals, in many Western nations the natural environment has emerged as an important 'transactional zone' where the governmental imperative for the production of fit and active bodies coalesces with the individual desire to be healthy. However, while it is apparent that this physical activity discourse increasingly operates throughout the globe, there is less evidence of an equivalent discourse that promotes the health-related benefits of nature. We argue that this is significant because it helps us to recognise that contemporary public health discourse has a distinct geography.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Saúde Global , Promoção da Saúde/tendências , Natureza , Saúde Pública/tendências , Sociologia Médica/tendências , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Humanos , Objetivos Organizacionais , Responsabilidade Social , Valores Sociais , Ocidente , Organização Mundial da Saúde
8.
Health Place ; 10(2): 117-28, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15019906

RESUMO

A renewed interest in hospital design in the UK, prompted by the Private Finance Initiative, provides an opportunity to consider hospitals as 'therapeutic environments'. Noting that the therapeutic value of hospitals is related to their physical, social and symbolic design, this paper argues that 'expert' knowledges have encouraged the development of hospitals that all-too-rarely provide benign settings for promoting patient recovery and healing. The recent programme of hospital building in the UK, however, has been accompanied by a vigorous debate over what constitutes good hospital design, with four significant ideas emerging: hospitals should be clinically efficient, be integrated within the community, be accessible to consumers and the public, and encourage patient and staff well-being. Suggesting that all four goals demand careful consideration of the real and imagined spatiality of hospital environments, the paper concludes by suggesting ways that health geographers can contribute to debates surrounding PFI hospital design.


Assuntos
Arquitetura Hospitalar , Hospitais Públicos/organização & administração , Humanos , Medicina Estatal , Reino Unido
9.
Am J Med Genet A ; 121A(2): 141-5, 2003 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12910493

RESUMO

Ring chromosomes arise following breakage in both chromosome arms and rejoining of the centric segment at the broken ends or by end-to-end fusion of the telomeres. The phenotype of ring carriers is unpredictable, and developmental abnormalities may occur even when the ring appears to be structurally balanced. This is believed to be due to mitotic instability from abnormal segregation and sister chromatid exchange in somatic cells. Although ring chromosomes usually arise as de novo events, transmittal from mosaic carriers to offspring sometimes occurs. In such cases, offspring with ring mosaicism in combination with a normal cell line remain unexplained. In this report, we used detailed molecular and cytogenetic analyses of a prenatally detected, inherited ring (19) to observe the behavior of the ring chromosome in culture, and to investigate the mechanism of inherited ring chromosome mosaicism.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 19 , Cromossomos em Anel , Amniocentese , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Feto/citologia , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariotipagem , Repetições de Microssatélites , Mosaicismo/genética , Gravidez
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