[Promotion of next generation urologists-Construct urology of the future]. / Förderung des urologischen Nachwuchses ­ Urologie der Zukunft gestalten.

In view of the growing demand for urological care and the simultaneous demographic change, the need for urologists in Germany is increasing. Therefore, young professionals are urgently needed to ensure urological care in the future. This objective can be achieved by fascinating medical students for urology and by implementing satisfactory residency programs in clinical departments and outpatient offices. Perspectives and possible career paths should be shown to junior colleagues at an early stage. Structured research funding is needed to reconcile academic with clinical work. The German Society for Residents in Urology (GeSRU) offers young urologists a platform for networking, for representation of interests as well as for education and training.

[Experiencing continuing education-experience of future urologists]. / Weiterbildung erlebt ­ Erfahrung des urologischen Nachwuchses.

Structured residency programmes within dedicated associations of hospitals, practices and medical care centres offer the opportunity to improve the quality of training and to increase the attractiveness of urology through fixed rotations of doctors in continued training. The implementation of such programmes is guided by the framework conditions of the respective location. Possible rotations range from andrology to paediatric urology and uro-gynaecology to interdisciplinary uro-oncology. An outpatient training period also offers the chance for a change of perspective and supports career orientation. Rotations in the interdisciplinary intermediate care unit offer the opportunity to become familiar with the care of complex disease processes, including the differential diagnostic assessment of abdominal diseases, which is important in urology. In summary, the diversity of urological training available can enable junior urologists to receive more individualised and targeted training by promoting multilayered, intersectoral as well as interprofessional training.

[Training and work conditions of residents in urology in Germany : Results of the second German Society of Residents in Urology e. V. (GeSRU) residency survey from 2020]. / Weiterbildungs- und Arbeitsbedingungen urologischer Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der zweiten Weiterbildungsumfrage der German Society of Residents in Urology e. V. (GeSRU) von 2020.

BACKGROUND: Residency is the fundation for high-quality medical care and also for career development of young urologists. In 2015 the GeSRU (German Society of Residents in Urology) carried out the first nationwide survey among young physicians in urology and described the status quo of their residency. This revised follow-up examination draws an updated picture of the training and working conditions of residents in urology and assesses the development. METHODS: In 2020 the GeSRU conducted an online-based survey of all residents in urology; therefore, the 2015 questionnaire was expanded. The model of the professional gratification crisis was used again. RESULTS: A total of 332 questionnaires were analyzed. Major findings have not changed since 2015. The daily working routine is characterized by high pace and workload and economic considerations. Family- and research-friendly working conditions are largely lacking. 35% of the respondents draw professional consequences. The psychosocial strain remains very high and conveys a risk for physicians' health and patients' quality of care. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that there are still systemically immanent burdens for residents in urology, which require adjustments to the working and training conditions. A structured, transparent curriculum for urological residency, remuneration and time for training and models which enable work-life balance should be established.

[Exacerbation of working conditions due to the economic pressures of hospitals : Mandatory staffing ratios for physicians?] / Verschärfung der Arbeitsbedingungen durch Kostendruck der Krankenhäuser : Verpflichtende Personalschlüssel für Ärzte?

BACKGROUND: In current hospital-based urological care, economic pressure and its influence on urological working and further training conditions are a main point of criticism among young urologists. Against the background of a growing need for young talent in our specialist discipline, there is an urgent need for action. With the introduction of the lower limits for nursing staff, there is now a threat of a reduction in the number of physicians with the aim of reducing costs for business reasons. OBJECTIVE: A mandatory staffing ratio is often mentioned to counteract the downsizing in German clinics. The role of the lower staffing limit is explained in the following article. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed the current draft laws of the federal government, as well as position papers and statements from federal political representatives such as the Marburger Bund, Bundesverband Deutscher Urologen and the German Medical Association (Bundesärztekammer) since 2018. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The analysis of current developments in nursing policy shows that the first step is a needs-based assessment of personnel and subsequent financing in the clinic setting. With adequate staffing, as in the traffic light scheme of the German Medical Association, not only would clinics position themselves as attractive employers and training centers for large parts of the urological medical profession, but would also significantly improve working conditions, patient care and patient safety. Medical training must remain an essential part of everyday hospital life.

[Types of evidence syntheses]. / Formen der Evidenzsynthese.

This manuscript outlines various types of review articles as forms of evidence synthesis with special regard to their strengths and limitations. Review articles not only present summarised data, but also offer an evaluation of the quality of the individual studies included in it. The validity and the reliability of outcomes of reviews is strongly dependent on the quality of the data included. For this reason, a comprehensive literature selection process is paramount. Fundamental knowledge of bias and literature assessment is also necessary when reading reviews. This article presents selected tools for evidence appraisal and evaluation of bias risk.

[Quality instead of quantity improves medical education]. / Qualität statt Quantität verbessert die Weiterbildung.

Currently, continuing medical evaluation takes place in Germany-but not nationally or regularly, and without national standards. Therefore, comparisons between different clinics and trainers can currently not be drawn. Survey modes, such as those that have existed in Switzerland for decades, could provide a constructive basis in the assessment of the current continuing medical education of urology residents and subsequently facilitate the discussion on improvements. This requires constructive cooperation of all involved, without attributing the responsibility only to the educators. Models of rewarding good continuing education should also be found.

[Urology training in Germany: international comparison of educational concepts and satisfaction]. / Urologische Facharztausbildung im internationalen Vergleich: Wo stehen wir in Deutschland?

BACKGROUND: The training of residents in urology is challenged by global trends in surgical education, increasing technological developments, subspecialization of the field and working hour regulations for physicians. Currently, there is no standardized curriculum in Europe and significant international differences exist in the education of residents. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to comprehensively map the state of urological training in an international comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selective literature review was conducted using the following keywords: "urology, training, residents". RESULTS: Recent surveys have shown that urology training in Germany is subject to relatively few regulations on content, time and space when compared to other countries. A lack of a structured curriculum is considered as the main factor leading to dissatisfaction of the residents. Increasing work load, lack of surgical training and limited flexibility in family or research planning have been mentioned as barriers for successful training. CONCLUSION: Structured and validated competence assessments and not "minimum numbers of operations" may help improve surgical training. An objective nationwide examination at the end of residency may be useful for international benchmarking.