[The results of clinical application of the mesh with anti-adhesive fluoropolymer coating in laparoscopic intraperitoneal repair of primary ventral hernia]. / Rezul'taty klinicheskogo primeneniya setchatogo endoproteza s antiadgezivnym ftorpolimernym pokrytiem pri laparoskopicheskoi intraperitoneal'noi plastike pervichnykh ventral'nykh gryzh.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of using fluoropolymer-coated mesh during intraperitoneal onlay mesh hernia repair in patients with primary ventral hernias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The multicenter, non-randomized, controlled clinical study included 88 patients of both sexes who were operated on using a laparoscopic approach using the IPOM technique for a primary ventral hernia. The duration of observation ranged from 3 to 12 months. In the main group, 48 patients received fluoropolymer-coated meshes (Ftorex). A comparison was made with a retrospective group of 40 patients who were treated with anti-adhesive collagen-coated meshes (Parietene composite, Parietex Composite, Symbotex). RESULTS: The number of early and late postoperative complications in the groups did not have significant differences, at the same time, their number was lower in the group of patients in whom fluoropolymer-coated meshes were used. Most of the complications corresponded to Clavien-Dindo class I and II and did not pose a significant threat to health. There were no recurrences of hernias observed in patients included in the study. There were slightly more adhesions in the fluoropolymer-coated mesh group (35.4% vs. 25.0% in the collagen-coated mesh group). The quality of life of patients in the study groups did not differ. CONCLUSION: In laparoscopic IPOM hernia repair fluoropolymer-coated meshes are not inferior in effectiveness and safety to traditionally used collagen-coated meshes and can be recommended for use in patients with primary ventral hernias.

[Histological changes in intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) with synthetic and biological meshes. Results of the chronic experiment]. / Gistologicheskie izmeneniya pri intraperitoneal'noi plastike (IPOM) sinteticheskimi i biologicheskimi endoprotezami. Rezul'taty khronicheskogo eksperimenta.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze histological changes in the site of the meshes FTOREX, FTOREX coated with carboxymethylcellulose, Ventralight ST, Symbotex, REPEREN-16-2 and decellularized porcine peritoneum on the parietal peritoneum of the pig. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At laparoscopy, 6 different meshes were placed intraperitoneally in each of the 3 pigs. After 90 days, the animals were taken out of the experiment. After staining with hematoxylin and eosin, quantitative morphometry and counting the number of vessels and cells in the interstitium in the areas of the mesh and peritoneum were performed. An immunohistochemical study with an antibody to pancytokeratins assessed the state of the initial peritoneum and neoperitoneum. RESULTS: According to morphological characteristics, the meshes were divided into 3 groups: 1) with fluoropolymer coating FTOREX, 2) Ventralight ST and Symbotex, 3) REPEREN and decellularized peritoneum. In group 1, the surface area of the mesh threads was optimal in terms of the arrangement and arrangement of the threads relative to each other. This contributed to the formation of a relatively dense fibrous framework and a place to preserve the underlying peritoneum involved in the formation of the neoperitoneum. Despite the smallest surface area of the threads, in group 3, the greatest fibroblastic reaction was noted. Inflammatory changes were the least pronounced in group 1. They were the greatest in group 3, where there was a pronounced leukocyte reaction, combined with the processes of metaplasia, the development of fibrinoid necrosis, and the progression of the secondary inflammatory process. In group 1, the optimal ratio of newly formed vessels was noted, in group 2 - veins prevailed over arteries, in group 3 - the number of vessels was minimal. Immunohistochemical study showed that in group 1, mesothelial cells covered almost the entire surface of the implant, and there were also areas of preserved basic peritoneum. In group 2, mesothelium also covered most of the surface of the meshes, but the underlying peritoneum was absent. In group 3, on the contrary, a significant number of extended areas not covered with mesothelium were revealed. CONCLUSION: The conducted morphological and morphometric study showed that the most balanced ratio of the components of the newly formed fibrous tissue and blood vessels is observed when using implants with a fluoropolymer coating FTOREX. At the same time, the remaining basic peritoneum actively participated in the formation of the neoperitoneum. The Ventralight ST and Symbotex meshes also contributed to the formation of a full-fledged fibrous tissue and adequate vascular proliferation, however, they prevented the preservation of the underlying peritoneum, which practically excluded its participation in the formation of the neoperitoneum. The REPEREN mesh and decellularized porcine peritoneum led to the least balanced cell and vascular proliferation and the greatest fibroplastic reaction, which could further negatively affect the state of the formed scar.

[Safety of mesh with fluoropolymer coating during intra-abdominal placement in large animals: results of the pilot study]. / Bezopasnost' setchatykh endoprotezov s ftorpolimernym pokrytiem: rezul'taty pilotnogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: When performing laparoscopic intraperitoneal hernioplasty (IPOM), endoprostheses made of fluoropolymers are often used. However, there is no data in the literature on the intra-abdominal use of inexpensive polyester prostheses with a fluoropolymer coating compared to composite implants. Thus, the aim of the pilot study was a preliminary assessment of the safety profile of FTOREX mesh endoprostheses during intra-abdominal placement in large animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 6 endoprostheses were installed laparoscopically intraperitoneally in each of the 3 pigs: 1) FTOREX; 2) FTOREX with a layer of carboxymethylcellulose; 3) REPEREN-16-2; 4) SYMBOTEX; 5) VENTRALIGHT ST; 6) decellularized pork peritoneum. Fixation was performed with a herniator, transfascial sutures were not used. Relaparoscopy was performed after 45 days, and withdrawal from the experiment was performed after 90 days. Performance characteristics, signs of deformation and retraction, parameters of spike formation were evaluated. RESULTS: All the animals survived, no complications were observed. There were no clinical manifestations or behavioral reactions indicating the presence of adhesions. The most convenient to use were the SYMBOTEX and FTOREX implants (5.0 points each). By the end of the experiment, deformation and retraction were noted in both variants of the FTOREX implants and the REPEREN prosthesis. These changes were completely absent only when using the SYMBOTEX endoprosthesis. According to the number of implants with adhesions, by the end of the observation, both variants of FTOREX prostheses occupied an intermediate position between the Reference (the worst indicator) and VENTRALIGHT ST (the best indicator). However, both FTOREX endoprostheses showed the best performance among all implants in the integral assessment of adhesions, as well as in terms of parameters such as the area and appearance of adhesions, and in terms of the strength of the joints, they were second only to the VENTRALIGHT ST endoprosthesis (0.67 vs. 0.5 points). During the study, there was no reliable dependence of deformation, retraction and adhesion formation indicators on the type of implant. CONCLUSION: The results of the pilot study showed that all the implants used did not cause any clinically significant adverse reactions or complications. FTOREX endoprostheses with their intraperitoneal installation have anti-adhesive properties that are not inferior to VENTRALIGHT ST or SYMBOTEX composite implants. However, having less rigidity, they are more often deformed and subjected to retraction.

[Robotic-assisted surgery: yesterday, today, tomorrow]. / Roboticheskaya khirurgiya: vchera, segodnya, zavtra.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of development of «robotic surgery¼ on the basis of historical prerequisites, review of the possibilities of the new Senhance robotic surgical system and determination of further perspective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective group of 51 patients with surgical pathology who underwent surgical interventions using the new Senhance robotic system was analyzed. The study included 51 patients. Robot-assisted cholecystectomy was performed in 20 patients, 31 patients underwent robotic transabdominal preperitoneal plastic surgery. RESULTS: A short-term analysis of intraoperative and early postoperative data showed the safety of using the Senhance robotic complex for the patient. The ergonomics of this system contributes to significantly less fatigue of the surgeon during the operation, increasing its efficiency and safety. CONCLUSION: The emergence of competitive robotic systems contributes to the dynamic development of robotic surgery, which in turn will lead to a reduction in the cost of these technologies in the future. Innovative solutions used in modern robotic complexes are based on the principles of machine learning, which in due time will make the «robot surgeon¼ not just a tool, but a full-fledged member of the operating team.

Measurement of Lepton-Jet Correlation in Deep-Inelastic Scattering with the H1 Detector Using Machine Learning for Unfolding.

The first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering at high momentum transfer is presented. These data, taken with the H1 detector at HERA, are corrected for detector effects using an unbinned machine learning algorithm (multifold), which considers eight observables simultaneously in this first application. The unfolded cross sections are compared with calculations performed within the context of collinear or transverse-momentum-dependent factorization in quantum chromodynamics as well as Monte Carlo event generators.

Radiation Inactivation of Coronavirus Infection Pathogen by the Example of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.

In recent years, members of the Coronaviridae family have caused outbreaks of respiratory diseases (MERS, SARS, and COVID-19). At the same time, the potential of radiation-induced inactivation of this group of viruses have been little studied, although radiation technologies can be widely used both in the processing of personal protective equipment and in the sterilization of vaccines. In the present work, the effect of 10 MeV electron beams and 7.6 MeV bremsstrahlung on the coronavirus infection pathogen (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) has been studied in vitro. In the given experimental conditions, irradiation with photons turned out to be more effective. The virus-containing suspension frozen at -86°C was the most resistant to radiation: the dose required for complete inactivation of the virus in this case was from 15 kGy, while for the liquid suspension and lyophilized form the sterilizing dose was from 10 kGy. At lower radiation doses for all samples during passaging in cell culture, residual infectious activity of the virus was observed. These differences in the efficiency of inactivation of liquid and frozen virus-containing samples indicate a significant contribution of the direct effect of radiation.

Mechanism of the historical and the ongoing Vulcanian eruptions of Ebeko volcano, Northern Kuriles.

Ebeko is one of the most active volcanoes of the Kurile island arc, producing frequent mild Vulcanian explosions with eruption clouds up to 5 km high. The volcano poses a serious threat to the Severo-Kurilsk town with a population of around 2500 inhabitants, located at a distance of only 7 km on a fan of the volcano's laharic deposits. Here, we report an overview of the activity of the volcano in the 20th-21st centuries and the results of our geological and petrological investigations of the ongoing Vulcanian eruption that started in 2016. We have found that eruptions of Ebeko span a range of mechanisms from purely magmatic to phreatic/hydrothermal. Three of its historical eruptions (the 1934-1935, 1987-1991, and the 2016-ongoing) involved fresh magma, while during the others (1967-1971, 2009-2011) fresh magma was not erupted. Juvenile material of the ongoing eruption represents highly crystalline and highly viscous (more than 108 pa s) low-silica (56-58 wt% SiO2) andesite. Historical data and our observations of the ongoing eruption allowed us to suggest a functional model of the volcano where Vulcanian explosions are caused by shallow intrusions of small diapir-like batches of strongly crystallized and highly viscous andesitic magma ascending into water-saturated, hydrothermally altered rocks composing the volcano summit. We suggest that the diapir's ascent is governed by their positive buoyancy. Some of the diapirs reach and breach the ground surface producing magmatic eruptions of Ebeko, while the others are stuck at the shallow subsurface level and feed intensive hydrothermal activity as well as phreatic eruptions of the volcano. Positive buoyancy of the diapirs is too weak to allow them to extrude high above the ground surface to form lava domes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-020-01426-z.

[Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair: apply or save?] / Maloinvazivnye tekhnologii v gerniologii: primenyat' nel'zya ekonomit'.

Treatment of patients with ventral hernias remains one of the most pressing problems of abdominal surgery. Surgeons are trying to find a «gold standard¼ for the treatment of this pathology. Great hopes are placed on minimally invasive techniques, however, due to their high cost, they do not yet find mass distribution in everyday practice. In our opinion, this is short-sighted. We tried to analyze the feasibility of using minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of patients with ventral hernias of various locations, from the position of clinical and economic efficiency.

A Unique Prototypic Device for Radiation Therapy: The p53-Independent Antiproliferative Effect of Neutron Radiation.

Radiation therapy with heavy particles including neutrons, an otherwise therapeutically perspective because of its high tissue penetration and efficient tumor damage, is currently limited by the lack of adequate equipment. An NG-24 generator (140 kg, 42 × 110 cm, ~1011 particles/s, > 14 MeV) has been designed and engineered to replace the huge and environmentally harmful neutron reactors, cyclotrons, and accelerators with a compact, portable, safe, and potent source of high-energy neutrons. We demonstrate that the neutron beam produced by NG-24 causes a significant antiproliferative effect on human tumor cell lines regardless of the status of the anti-apoptotic p53 protein. Phosphorylation of histone 2A and increased amounts of p21, cyclin D, and phospho-p53 were detectable in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (wild-type p53) irradiated with 4 Gy several days post-treatment, accompanied by G2/M phase arrest. These treatments dramatically reduced the ability of single cells to form colonies. In the HCT116p53KO subline (p53 -/-), the G2/M arrest was independent of the aforementioned mechanisms. Hence, the NG-24 generator is a source of a powerful, therapeutically relevant neutron flux that triggers a p53-independent antiproliferative response in tumor cells.

Determination of the strong coupling constant α s ( m Z ) in next-to-next-to-leading order QCD using H1 jet cross section measurements: H1 Collaboration.

The strong coupling constant α s is determined from inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in neutral-current deep-inelastic ep scattering (DIS) measured at HERA by the H1 collaboration using next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD predictions. The dependence of the NNLO predictions and of the resulting value of α s ( m Z ) at the Z-boson mass m Z are studied as a function of the choice of the renormalisation and factorisation scales. Using inclusive jet and dijet data together, the strong coupling constant is determined to be α s ( m Z ) = 0.1157 ( 20 ) exp ( 29 ) th . Complementary, α s ( m Z ) is determined together with parton distribution functions of the proton (PDFs) from jet and inclusive DIS data measured by the H1 experiment. The value α s ( m Z ) = 0.1142 ( 28 ) tot obtained is consistent with the determination from jet data alone. The impact of the jet data on the PDFs is studied. The running of the strong coupling is tested at different values of the renormalisation scale and the results are found to be in agreement with expectations.

[Role of Radionuclide Technologies in Medicine].

The paper describes the role of radionuclide technologies among the nuclear-physical methods used in medicine. The condition and prospects of the development of nuclear technology with use of radionuclides in medicine, and in particular, the method of brachytherapy are analyzed. The analysis of the current state of applying radionuclide facilities in medicine is provided.

The expansion of heterochromatin blocks in rye reflects the co-amplification of tandem repeats and adjacent transposable elements.

BACKGROUND: A prominent and distinctive feature of the rye (Secale cereale) chromosomes is the presence of massive blocks of subtelomeric heterochromatin, the size of which is correlated with the copy number of tandem arrays. The rapidity with which these regions have formed over the period of speciation remains unexplained. RESULTS: Using a BAC library created from the short arm telosome of rye chromosome 1R we uncovered numerous arrays of the pSc200 and pSc250 tandem repeat families which are concentrated in subtelomeric heterochromatin and identified the adjacent DNA sequences. The arrays show significant heterogeneity in monomer organization. 454 reads were used to gain a representation of the expansion of these tandem repeats across the whole rye genome. The presence of multiple, relatively short monomer arrays, coupled with the mainly star-like topology of the monomer phylogenetic trees, was taken as indicative of a rapid expansion of the pSc200 and pSc250 arrays. The evolution of subtelomeric heterochromatin appears to have included a significant contribution of illegitimate recombination. The composition of transposable elements (TEs) within the regions flanking the pSc200 and pSc250 arrays differed markedly from that in the genome a whole. Solo-LTRs were strongly enriched, suggestive of a history of active ectopic exchange. Several DNA motifs were over-represented within the LTR sequences. CONCLUSION: The large blocks of subtelomeric heterochromatin have arisen from the combined activity of TEs and the expansion of the tandem repeats. The expansion was likely based on a highly complex network of recombination mechanisms.

[Hypercapnia--alternative hypoxia signal incentives to increase HIF-1α and erythropoietin in the brain].

Investigated the role of hypercapnic component in the mechanism of activation of HIF-1α and increase the synthesis of erythropoietin in the combined and the isolated impact of hypoxia and hypercapnia. It was found that the content of proteins of interest significantly increases both in isolated hypoxia and hypercapnia, and at their combined effect. Moreover, the hypercapnic hypoxia causes maximum activation of the synthesis and accumulation of erythropoietin HIF-1α, and permissive hypercapnia enhances their content more than hypoxic exposure.

Propagation style controls lava-snow interactions.

Understanding interactions between volcanic eruptions and the cryosphere (a.k.a. glaciovolcanism) is important for climate reconstructions as well as for hazard mitigation at ice-clad volcanoes. Here we present unique field observations of interactions between snowpack and advancing basaltic lava flows during the 2012-13 eruption at Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Our observations show that lava-snow heat transfer is slow, and that styles of lava propagation control snowpack responses. 'A'a and sheet lava flows advance in a rolling caterpillar-track motion on top of the rigid, snowpack substrate with minor lava-snow interaction. In contrast, pahoehoe lava propagates by inflation of lobes beneath/inside the snowpack, producing rigorous lava-snow interaction via meltwater percolation down into the incandescent lava causing production of voluminous steam, rapid surface cooling and thermal shock fragmentation. The textures produced by pahoehoe-snowpack interactions are distinctive and, where observed at other sites, can be used to infer syn-eruption seasonality and climatic conditions.

[The role of VEGF, HSP-70 and protein S-100B in the potentiation effect of the neuroprotective effect of hypercapnic hypoxia].

Studied the role of VEGF, HSP-70 and S-100B in potentiating hypercapnia neuroprotective effect of hypoxia. Demonstrated that neuroprotective effects when exposed hypercapnic hypoxia-mediated protein synthesis increased S-100B, mainly due to the action of carbon dioxide, and not oxygen deficiency. Neuroprotective effects of HSP-70 due to hypoxia, but the combined effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia gives a significant increase in the synthesis of HSP-70 in comparison with the isolated effect of hypoxia. Vascularization activated equally as hypoxia and hypercapnia, without adding significant effects in combination. This suggests dominant effect hypercapnia, hypoxia compared in neuroprotection mechanisms related to protein S-100B, but not the protein VEGF, hypercapnia and potentiate the neuroprotective efficacy of hypoxia-related protein HSP-70.

Glyco-engineered anti-EGFR mAb elicits ADCC by NK cells from colorectal cancer patients irrespective of chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is correlated with poor prognosis, making it an attractive target for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy. A component of the therapeutic efficacy of IgG1 mAbs is their stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells bearing the CD16 receptor. As NK cells are functionally impaired in cancer patients and may be further compromised upon chemotherapy, it is crucial to assess whether immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at further enhancing ADCC are viable. METHODS: CRC patients before, during and after chemotherapy were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry for major white blood cell populations. ADCC-independent NK cell functionality was assessed in cytotoxicity assays against K562 cells. ADCC-dependent killing of EGFR(+) A431 cancer cells by NK cells was measured with a degranulation assay where ADCC was induced by GA201, an anti-EGFR mAb glyco-engineered to enhance ADCC. RESULTS: Here, we confirm the observation that NK cells in cancer patients are dysfunctional. However, GA201 was able to induce robust NK cell-dependent cytotoxicity in CRC patient NK cells, effectively overcoming their impairment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of GA201 in combination with chemotherapy in CRC patients.

[Symbiotic bacteria, which modify reproduction processes of Drosophila melanogaster].

Cytoplasmic bacteria-symbionts are actively investigated all over the world for the last ten years. The scale of their spreading in natural and laboratory populations of invertebrates, especially arthropods, is impressing scientists' imagination. Ways of their intraspecific and interspecific transmission are various. The nature and mechanisms of their interaction both between themselves and with their hosts are extremely diverse. Cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, male-killing, feminization, tissue degeneration and others are those phenotypic effects, which intracellular bacteria can cause in their hosts. Moreover, the same bacterium can have diverse influences on different hosts. So it is possible to talk about many-sidedness of endosymbiont interaction with a host, which is determined both by bacterium and host biology. However, majority of phenotypic effects is directed to the successful colonization of hosts' populations by increasing the number of infected females. Alas, the mechanisms of interaction are still not enough investigated. Besides, intracellular bacteria-symbionts can be one of the factors of the so-called "infectious species formation". In any investigation, model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster belonging to them, take a special place. Among drosophila's endosymbionts, only bacteria from genera Wolbachia, Spiroplasma and Cardinium were broadly investigated: their spreading in Drosophila melanogaster populations all over the world, the infecting level and those phenotypic effects, which they can cause. So this review is dedicated to analysis of these studies.

Neuronal Glud1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) over-expressing mice: increased glutamate formation and synaptic release, loss of synaptic activity, and adaptive changes in genomic expression.

Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) is a mitochondrial enzyme expressed in all tissues, including brain. Although this enzyme is expressed in glutamatergic pathways, its function as a regulator of glutamate neurotransmitter levels is still not well defined. In order to gain an understanding of the role of GLUD1 in the control of glutamate levels and synaptic release in mammalian brain, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice that over-express this enzyme in neurons of the central nervous system. The Tg mice have increased activity of GLUD, as well as elevated levels and increased synaptic and depolarization-induced release of glutamate. These mice suffer age-associated losses of dendritic spines, nerve terminals, and neurons. The neuronal losses and dendrite structural changes occur in select regions of the brain. At the transcriptional level in the hippocampus, cells respond by increasing the expression of genes related to neurite growth and synapse formation, indications of adaptive or compensatory responses to the effects of increases in the release and action of glutamate at synapses. Because these Tg mice live to a relatively old age they are a good model of the effects of a "hyperglutamatergic" state on the aging process in the nervous system. The mice are also useful in defining the molecular pathways affected by the over-activation of GLUD in glutamatergic neurons of the brain and spinal cord.