[Influence of present weather conditions on the appeal of Bishkek and Osh residents for emergency care because of cardiovascular diseases]. / Vliyanie tekushchei pogody na obrashchaemost' zhitelei Bishkeka i Osha za neotlozhnoi pomoshch'yu po povodu serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii.

Purpose of the study. To determine the influence of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, fast weather changes on the number of emergency calls to patients with heart disease in the cities of Bishkek and Osh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of calls to the ambulance station of the cities of Bishkek and Osh for a 20-year period (1998-2018) were analyzed by classes of diseases in accordance with the ICD 10th revision: A00-R99 - from all causes; I00-I99 - diseases of the circulatory system. More than 450 thousand ambulance calls were analyzed. To assess the meteorological indicators, the archived data of the site https://www.gismeteo.ru/diary/5327 were used. Correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS program.Results and conclusion. The data obtained indicate the presence of moderate and strong statistically significant relationships in the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases seeking medical care with periods of prolonged heat, days with a fast weather change, days with increased atmospheric pressure after the invasion of the cold air front and precipitation. The necessity of seasonal prophylaxis of meteopathic reactions taking into account weather changes is shown.

[Efficiency of combined resort rehabilitation of patients with cerebral stroke under the conditions of a medium-altitude region].

A comparative study of the effectiveness of the early rehabilitative treatment of post-stroke patients in a specialized hospital located in a medium-altitude mountainous area and in an outpatient clinic in the city of Bishkek (low altitude) was carried out. A more noticeable positive dynamics of the disturbed motor function and quality of life was documented in the patients treated in the mid-altitude in-patient hospital.

[Some real problems of human opisthorchiasis]. / O nekotorykh aktual'nykh voprosakh problemy opistorkhidozov cheloveka.

Forty six sera from residents of the Novosibirsk Region in whom the diagnosis of chronic opisthorchiasis had been helminthoovoscopically verified were examined. In the thin layer immunoassay, of them 14 (30.4%) sera were responsive to excretory O. felineus antigens, 3 (7.9%) were to M. bilis antigens, and 29 (63.2%) were to the above antigens simultaneously. The results of these studies determine it possible to regard M. bilis methorchiasis as a zooanthroponous disease and a human being as a final host of this helminth.

Some problems of molecular biology of poliovirus infection relevant to pathogenesis, viral spread and evolution.

Molecular mechanisms of poliovirus reproduction in the human gut remain largely unexplored. Nevertheless, there are grounds to believe that the virus spreads from cell to cell, like that from person to person during natural circulation, and involves a relatively small proportion of the highly heterogeneous viral population generated by the previous host. This mechanism of random sampling is responsible for the majority of fixed mutations, and contributes to the maintenance of a certain level of viral fitness (virulence). In the long term, random sampling may lead to the decrease in fitness and even to extinction of some viral evolutionary branches, explaining cases of self-limiting poliovirus infection in immunodeficient patients. A low propensity of the Sabin viruses for natural circulation may also be a related phenomenon. The trend to decrease in fitness may be interrupted by the appearance of rare, fitter (more virulent) variants, which may be responsible for poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by wild type virus, and for the development of paralytic disease in chronic carriers of the Sabin vaccine. All these evolutionary events are largely stochastic and hence are unpredictable in principle.

Early alteration of nucleocytoplasmic traffic induced by some RNA viruses.

A HeLa cell line expressing the green fluorescent protein fused to the SV40 T-antigen nuclear localization signal (EGFP-NLS) was established. Fluorescence in these cells was confined to the nuclei. After poliovirus infection, cytoplasmic fluorescence in a proportion of cells could be detected by 1 h postinfection (p.i.) and in virtually all of the fluorescent cells by 2 h p.i. The relocation could be prevented by cycloheximide but not by inhibition of poliovirus replication by guanidine. HCl. Nuclear exit of a protein composed of three copies of GFP fused to the NLS also occurred upon poliovirus infection. A similar redistribution of EGFP-NLS took place upon infection with coxsakievirus B3 and, to a lesser extent, with vesicular stomatitis virus. The EGFP-NLS efflux was not due to the loss of NLS. Thus, some positive-strand and negative-strand RNA viruses trigger a rapid nonspecific relocation of nuclear proteins.

Dynamic study of HBsAg and HBeAg in saliva samples from patients with hepatitis B infection: diagnostic and epidemiological significance.

Analysis of 505 cases history of patients among men with viral hepatitis demonstrates that HBV infected patients represent 68.9% of the total and that a non-parenteral rate of transmission is the most likely means of hepatitis B infection. Saliva and serum testing for the presence of specific HBV markers (HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA) at different phases of the infection process were carried out to review the diagnostic and epidemiological value of saliva samples from patients with acute viral hepatitis B. The frequency of HBsAg detection by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA) in saliva of patients in acute period was found to correlate with the frequency of its detection in serum. In early convalescence the frequency of detection of that antigen in serum (59.5% of patients) was significantly higher than in saliva (23.8%) (P < 0.001). The frequencies of HBeAg detection by EIA in saliva samples was significantly higher than that in serum samples in both acute phase (84.3% and 28.1% of patients, respectively) and in early convalescence (56.2% and 3.1% of patients, respectively). The study of frequencies of detection of these antigens in the dynamics of the disease up to the total recovery of patients (observations were carried out for the period of 60 days and longer) showed that in most patients there was a faster disappearance HBsAg from saliva than from serum. By the end of second month this antigen was detected in saliva of only 8.3% of patients whereas in serum in the same period HBsAg was detected in 33.3% of patients. HBeAg became undetectable in blood whereas HBs-antigenemia was still pronounced, and a month after the beginning of the disease it was not found in serum specimens. In saliva, HBeAg was detected in 95.8% of patients observed directly after admission. A month after the beginning of the disease it was detected in saliva of 66.7% of patients and, by the end of observation period, in 12.5% of patients recovered from viral hepatitis. HBV DNA revealed by PCR in saliva and serum of HBV-infected patients was detected in acute period not only in serum (84.6% of cases) but also in saliva (46.2% of cases). The data illustrate the diagnostic value of saliva and point to the possible role of saliva as a source of HBV infection.

Methorchiasis in the residents of Novosibirsk area, Russia.

Infection with Methorchis bilis was recognized for the first time in the residents of Novosibirsk area (Russia). During a serological survey (37 patients in toto), it was possible to demonstrate that 48.5% of the serum samples tested possessed antibodies to Opisthorchis felineus antigens, 37.8% to both Opisthorchis felineus and Methorchis bilis antigens, and 13.5% to Methorchis bilis antigens only.

Competing death programs in poliovirus-infected cells: commitment switch in the middle of the infectious cycle.

Productive poliovirus infection of HeLa cells leads to the canonical cytopathic effect (CPE), whereas certain types of abortive infection result in apoptosis. To define the time course of commitment to the different types of poliovirus-induced death, inhibitors of viral replication (guanidine HCl) or translation (cycloheximide) were added at different times postinfection (p.i.). Early in the infection (during the first approximately 2 h p.i.), predominantly proapoptotic viral function was expressed, rendering the cells committed to apoptosis, which developed several hours after viral expression was arrested. In the middle of infection, concomitantly with the onset of fast generation of viral progeny, the implementation of the viral apoptotic program was abruptly interrupted. In particular, activation of an Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD)-specific caspase(s) occurring in the apoptosis-committed cells was prevented by the ongoing productive infection. Simultaneously, the cells retaining normal or nearly normal morphology became committed to CPE, which eventually developed regardless of whether or not further viral expression was allowed to proceed. The implementation of the poliovirus-induced apoptotic program was suppressed in HeLa cells overexpressing the Bcl-2 protein, indicating that the fate of poliovirus-infected cells depends on the balance of host and viral pro- and antiapoptotic factors.

Prothymosin alpha fragmentation in apoptosis.

We observed fragmentation of an essential proliferation-related human nuclear protein prothymosin alpha in the course of apoptosis induced by various stimuli. Prothymosin alpha cleavage occurred at the DDVD(99) motif. In vitro, prothymosin alpha could be cleaved at D(99) by caspase-3 and -7. Caspase hydrolysis disrupted the nuclear localization signal of prothymosin alpha and abrogated the ability of the truncated protein to accumulate inside the nucleus. Prothymosin alpha fragmentation may therefore be proposed to disable intranuclear proliferation-related function of prothymosin alpha in two ways: by cleaving off a short peptide containing important determinants, and by preventing active nuclear uptake of the truncated protein.

Two types of death of poliovirus-infected cells: caspase involvement in the apoptosis but not cytopathic effect.

The death of poliovirus-infected cells may occur in two forms: canonical cytopathic effect (CPE) (on productive infections) or apoptosis (when the viral reproduction is hindered by certain drugs or some other restrictive conditions). Morphological manifestations of the CPE and apoptosis, being distinct, share some traits (e.g., chromatin condensation and nuclear deformation). It was shown here that a permeable caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-(OMe) fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD.fmk), prevented the development of the poliovirus-induced apoptosis on abortive infection. The apoptotic pathway could be dissected by an inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), which prevented the cleavage of DNA to oligonucleosome-sized pieces and nuclear fragmentation but did not suppress cellular shrinkage, cytoplasmic blebbing, and partial chromatin condensation. These results demonstrate that caspase activation is involved in the execution phase of the viral apoptosis and suggest that a nuclear subset of the apoptotic program is under a separate control, involving a TPCK-sensitive event. Neither zVAD.fmk nor TPCK, at the concentrations affecting the apoptotic response, exerted appreciable influence on the virus growth or cellular pathological changes on productive infection, indicating that the pathways leading to the poliovirus-evoked CPE and apoptosis are different.

Measurement of resuspended aerosol in the Chernobyl area. I. Discussion of instrumentation and estimation of measurement uncertainty.

Results of measurements of the resuspended radioactive aerosols in the Chernobyl area are presented which were obtained soon after the Chernobyl reactor accident and in a European project in 1992-1993. The measurements were carried out with the intention of obtaining a data base for dose assessment of resuspended radioactive particles. Potential significant dose contributions may result from inhalation and secondary contamination due to resuspended radionuclides. In this first article of a series of three papers, the instrumentation and the measurement uncertainties are discussed. An effort was made to sample quantitatively giant aerosol particles (particles larger than 10 microns aerodynamic diameter) as well. The comparison of the samplers shows, in general, an agreement of concentration measurements of 137Cs and 7Be within a factor of two. One sampler was identified with larger discrepancies and needs additional investigation of its sampling characteristics; for another device, the recalibration of the analysing system is recommended. Ordinary integrating samplers have a loss of about 30% in 137Cs activity compared to an isokinetic sampler collecting giant particles as well. The mean ratio of 137Cs activity concentration between an instrument sampling only particles larger than 10 microns and an ordinary integrating sampler is 0.39 +/- 0.15 during anthropogenic-enhanced resuspension. These findings demonstrate the significant contribution of giant particles to resuspended airborne radioactivity. The results of this study concerning integral measurements during wind-driven resuspension proved to be in good agreement with previously published data on resuspension.

[The use of EHF therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic bronchitis at a moderate altitude]. / Primenenie KVCh-terapii v reabilitatsii bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom v usloviiakh srednegor'ia.

Patients treated in mid-altitude conditions for chronic bronchitis were exposed to EHF radiation. As shown by positive changes in external respiration, systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, immune status, surface activity of lung surfactant, EHF therapy is effective in chronic bronchitis with ventilation disorders. The more severe these disorders were, the more marked the benefit was.

[The correction of hypoxic damage to the pulmonary surfactant system of rats with extremely high-frequency electromagnetic fields]. / Korrektsiia gipoksicheskogo povrezhdeniia surfaktantnoi sistemy legkikh krys élektromagnitnymi poliami kraine vysokoi chastoty.

54 white rats were studied physically, histochemically and morphometrically for the effect of EHF electromagnetic field on repair of the lung surfactant system. The damage was inflicted by acute hypoxia existing at the altitude of 9000 m above the sea level simulated in the chamber. For the period studied natural repair was unable to secure the return to normal structure and function of the surfactant system, whereas daily 20-minute exposures to millimetric waves on the chest stimulated repair on after-exposure day 1-5 and provided normalization of all the physical and morphometric parameters.

[The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of Omsk hemorrhagic fever in 1988-1992]. / Kliniko-épidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika Omskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v period 1988--1992 gg.

Materials on morbidity in Omsk hemorrhagic fever at the period of 1988-1992 in the districts of the Novosibirsk region are presented. Cases of the disease were registered mainly in September-October (83.3% of cases). Transmission of the disease by contact played the leading role in the epidemiology of Omsk hemorrhagic fever. The disease took the course of medium severity with faintly pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome.

[The critical significance of a conserved single-stranded interdomain linker in the 5'-untranslated region of poliovirus RNA]. / Kriticheskoe znachenie konservativnogo odnotsepochechnogo mezhdomennogo linkera v 5'-netransliruemoi oblasti poliovirusnoi RNK.

Translation of polioviral RNA is initiated by interaction of a small ribosomal subunit with internal segments of the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR). Several mutations were constructed within 5'UTR segment 425-449. All of them (including a single C444-->U replacement) inhibited in vitro translation, which decreased about 10-fold. Two mutant constructs, pPV12-05 (C444-->U) and pPV12K (containing also an AAUU insert between positions 441 and 442) produced plaques on monolayers of susceptible cells. All the viruses isolated from these plaques exhibited a reversion at position 444; the template activities of the revertant RNAs were restored completely or significantly. The results show the importance of the relevant 5'UTR segment for the initiation of polioviral RNA translation.

Starting window, a distinct element in the cap-independent internal initiation of translation on picornaviral RNA.

Initiation of translation on picornaviral RNA templates occurs via cap-independent ribosome binding to a cis-acting element, internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Mapping of the starting point of translation relative to the IRES was attempted using Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) RNA as a model. The possibility that the starting point is determined by the conserved oligopyrimidine upstream of the initiator codon was studied. In contrast to poliovirus, neither the conserved oligopyrimidine nor an AUG at a fixed distance downstream of this oligopyrimidine are required for efficient translation of the TMEV RNA in Krebs-2 extracts or reticulocyte lysates or for viral infectivity; mutants lacking the oligopyrimidine/AUG tandem were stable upon passage in BHK-21 cells. A short template segment, the starting window, was defined, wherefrom ribosomes begin translation or downstream scanning depending, respectively, on the presence or absence of a good-context AUG within this window. Using a collection of the engineered TMEV mutant RNAs, the starting window was mapped to 16-17 nt downstream of the IRES and was found to be approximately a dozen nt long. The efficiency of translation initiation from an AUG linearly increased upon the 5'-->3' displacement of the initiator codon within the window. The competence of the starting window did not appear to depend markedly on its primary structure; however, it was completely inactivated ("closed") with concomitant dramatic inhibition of total protein synthesis upon conversion of the corresponding RNA segment into a double-stranded form.

[Recurrent forms of opisthorchiasis]. / Retsidivnye formy opistorkhoza.

The paper deals with follow-ups of 4 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis, two of whom were treated with chloxylum and two with bilthricide. Eight-thirty six months after discontinuation of anthelmintics, there were recurrent or enhanced complaints, repeated finding of Opisthorchis eggs and antigens in the feces. These changes were accompanied by elevated blood eosinophil counts. It is suggested that Opisthorchis metacercariae can be long preserved in latency in the definitive host and recurrent opisthorchiasis forms may develop.

[The pathomorphosis of opisthorchiasis]. / Patomorfoz opistorkhoza.

Based on the data available in the literature and their own findings, the authors have come to the conclusion that the clinical picture of opisthorchiasis has undergone profound changes in the past decades, which may be regarded as a manifestation of induced and reduced pathomorphism. Uninduced pathomorphism appears as decreased invasion rates and as acute forms. Induced pathomorphism shows up in reduced invasion or by timely liquidation of invasion. The etiological and pathogenetic role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of the gastroduodenal pathology in patients with opisthorchiasis is considered as a manifestation of false pathomorphism.