Metabolism of Subchondral Bone Tissue in Posttraumatic Osteoarthrosis in Rats.

In rats with modeled posttraumatic knee osteoarthrosis, negative changes in subchondral bone metabolism were revealed: a tendency to an increase in osteocalcin concentration, a decrease in sclerostin and osteoprotegerin levels, and a significant increase in FGF-23 concentration accompanied by a slight elevation of inorganic phosphorous and significant increase in total calcium levels in comparison with the corresponding parameters in intact controls. These findings demonstrate crucial importance of structural integrity of the subchondral bone, because its protection improves the results of reconstructive therapy for local cartilage defects.

Morphological Changes in Articular Cartilage and Free-Radical Lipid Peroxidation in Rats with Posttraumatic Osteoarthrosis.

Using the rat model of posttraumatic osteoarthrosis of the knee joint induced by surgical transection of their anterior cruciate ligaments, we showed that irreversible loss of hyaluronan by the extracellular matrix of the joint cartilage tissue against the background of oxidative stress accompanied by accumulation of intermediate LPO products in blood serum and formation of thiol system incompetence was one of the key patterns of dystrophic degeneration of the cartilage tissue. Considerable metabolic shifts were associated with structural modification of the articular hyaline cartilage: its thinning and a decrease of chondrocyte density and their abnormal spatial distribution in the matrix with predominance of solitary isolated cells with signs of karyopyknosis and karyolysis.

Application of Preparations Containing Copper Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Experimental Septic Wounds.

Regenerative activity of locally applied drugs based on copper nanoparticles was compared on white male rats with an experimental purulent wound infected with clinical polyantibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The use of a suspension of copper nanoparticles and complex drugs based on chitosan and starch with copper nanoparticles led to a rapid reduction of the wound area and elimination of the wound-contaminating agent, which confirmed high antibacterial and regenerative activity of copper nanoparticles in the composition of the studied drugs.

[SOFT TISSUE REPAIR UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL SEPTIC WOUND.]

The effectiveness of a new complex preparation based on starch containing active copper (0.05 - 0.07 mass %) and silver 0.03 - 0.05 mass %) nanoparticles was studied in animals with experimental fill-flap septic wounds. Localized application of complex preparation (0.3 g per animal) by uniform layer on 5th, 7th, and 9th day upon wound induction led to significant reduction in wound surface (according to planimetric analysis) at all control periods, in contrast to reference group. There was statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in malondialdehyde (by 23%) and increase of serum enzymatic antioxidant ceruloplazmin activity (by 20.5%) in rat blood serum compared to the corresponding indexes in animals before therapy. These results are indicative of the suppression of peroxidation processes and stimulation of antioxidant system. The complex preparation exhibited positive influence on soft tissue repair processes, lipid peroxidation processes, and activity of the antioxidant system.

[The effect of the biopolymer chondroitin sulfate on reparative regeneration of connective tissue].

The research objective is a study of an intra-articular method of introduction of the preparation "mukosat" for stimulation of reparative regeneration of connective tissue of knee joints in rabbits with an experimental arthritis. It is ascertained that intra-articular maintenance of chondroitin sulfate (the preparation "mukosat") acts as a stimulus for reparative regeneration of connective tissue thus showing up positive changes in the status of connective tissue elements of joints: decrease in glycosaminoglycan content in blood serum and normalization of the composition of glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate component. It probably depends on stimulation of biosynthesis of autologous normal glycosaminoglycans in tissues of animal knee joints.

[Reparative regeneration of connective tissue structures of mammals under antioxidant therapy conditions].

The influence of administration of the antioxidant complexes consisting of nonenzymatic antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate preparation) and enzymatic antioxidants (ceruloplasmin) has been studied in rabbits with experimental arthritis. The introduction of alpha-tocopherol acetate (at a daily dose of 4 mg) improved metabolic processes in the organism (decreased in the rate of erythrocyte precipitation, total leukocytes and their stub and segmental forms; increased in erythrocyte count; reduced the glycosaminoglycan content as determined from uronic acid and hexose level; decreased ceruloplasmin activity and malonic dialdehyde level ion blood serum, all at p < 0.05), thus favoring reduction in the total activity of the inflammatory process as judged from hematological and biochemical data. Intra-articular introduction of ceruloplasmin (1.5 mg/kg, once per week) positively influenced the state of joint structures in damaged knee joints of the animals: decreased the activity of ceruloplasmin (from 5.28 ± 0.06 to 3.94 ± 0.01 AU), and malonic dialdehyde level (0.18 ± 0.02 to 0.08 ± 0.01 µM) in the articular fluid (all at p < 0.05). These effects are probably related to the elimination of inefficiency of the antioxidant system in the synovial medium, thus preventing inflammatory destruction of articular tissues, hindering the development of pannus, and assisting the activation of reparative regeneration of connective tissue structures.

[Metabolic features in chondroitin sulfate in the normal functioning of connective tissue].

In the propoced review, the literature data on the metabolic characteristics of chondroitin sulfate in the normal functioning of connective tissue. Described their own data on the study of the reaction of connecting structures of the knee rabbits experimental arthritis by intra-articular intra-articular injection of chondroitin sulface (the drug "mukosat").

[Reparative regeneration of rat soft tissues is affected by a wound-healing composite].

We researched influence of original wound-healing composite, including chitosan and nanoparticles of copper and zinc, on specific of reparative regeneration of an experimental soft tissue full layer rat's wounds, which were conditionally aseptic and infected. The composite stimulation of reparative regeneration is related both to its antibacterial effect, and to the influence on the state of structural biopolymers of the connecting tissue.

[Functional metabolic characteristics of sodium hyaluronate in mammal organism].

In the review data concerning functional metabolic characteristics of sodium hyaluronate in mammal organism, as well as autologous results concerning the study of its intraarticular action on metabolism of conjunctive tissue in the conditions of experimental arthritis in rabbits are given.

[Biological role and functional characteristics of calcitonin in human and animal organisms].

In the review the literary data on the subject of biological role and functional characteristics of calcitonin in human and animal organisms are demonstrated. The own results concerning the study of local exposure of calcitonin of salmon (preparation "Miacalcic") on the development of inflammatory destructive processes in articular structures of the affected knee joints in rabbits with experimental rheumatoid arthritis are briefly designated.

[Condition of oxidation homeostasis and possibility of its correction in experimental rheumatoid arthritis].

The data on condition of oxidation homeostasis in experimental rheumatoid joint inflammation in rabbits are presented. Against a background of expressed local and general activity of the inflammatory process in the synovial medium of the affected joint, the peroxide-antioxidative imbalance (increase of level ofmalonic dialdehyde and the activity of ceruloplasmin) and also lowering of pH and pO2, rise of lactate blood level are detected. The intraarticular introduction of the antioxidant ceruloplasmin promoted the normalization of synovial medium of affected joints.

[Characteristics of responses of rabbit joint structures to intraarticular introduction of calcitonin].

On a model of autoimmune arthritis in rabbits, reduction of inflammatory-destructive process manifestation was observed in all joint tissues under the influence of the intraarticular introduction of calcitonin. Improving metabolic processes in the matrix of tissue-connecting elements of a joint, this specimen inhibits the inflammatory destruction of the subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage in conditions of experimental rheumatoid inflammation.

The connective tissue in local therapy of experimental arthritis with miacalcic.

Effects of local therapy with miacalcic on the metabolism in articular connective tissue structures under conditions of experimental arthritis are shown. An effect modifying articular tissue metabolism and an antiinflammatory effect preventing the development of inflammatory destructive processes in rabbit articular tissues were detected.

[Optimization of laboratory assessment of the activity of an inflammatory process in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The paper proposes to measure the serum content of medium-weight molecules as a simple and available means of rapidly and adequately assessing the total activity of an inflammatory process (including the minimal one) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The method may be performed at any powered clinical diagnostic laboratories; it does not require expensive reagents and equipment, and special staff training.

[Clinical and laboratory assessment of endogenic intoxication syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

AIM: To detect endogenic intoxication syndrome (EIS) and to assess its severity depending on clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using laboratory tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Laboratory tests including analysis of synovial fluid, blood count with estimation of leucocytic intoxication index, urinalysis, total protein and protein fractions, seromucoid, syalic acids, peroxide-antioxidant balance, metabolism of proteoglycanes, immunological tests were made in 162 patients with documented RA and 86 healthy controls. Content of middle mass molecules served as an integral biochemical EIS marker. RESULTS: Inflammatory destructive processes in the affected tissues of RA patients lead to marked systemic metabolic and immune disorders accompanied with EIS. Severe EIS are associated with severe metabolic disorders. A significantl rise (p < 0.05) in content of middle mass molecules in the serum was found in all RA patients including in the disease onset and in minimal activity of inflammation and presence of only mono-olygoarthritis of the knee joints. CONCLUSION: RA patients develop EIS the severity of which depends on the activity and distribution of the inflammatory process but not on the disease stage. Metabolic disorders in RA patients can be assessed with an effective method--blood serum middle mass molecule assay.

Inflammatory degeneration of joint tissue in adjuvant arthritis after intraarticular treatment with the mixture of silver drug and nicotinic acid.

Combination intraarticular administration of Poviargol (0.5 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (1.0 mg/kg) reduced symptoms of local and general inflammation in rats with adjuvant arthritis. We revealed a decrease in morphological signs of inflammatory degeneration of joint tissue and reduction of metabolic disorders.