RESUMO
Hyperechogenicity is a sign classically reported to be in favour of a benign lesion and can be observed in many types of benign breast lesions such as hamartoma, lipoma, angiolipoma, haemangioma, haematoma, fat necrosis, fibrosis and galactocele, among others. However, some rare malignant breast lesions can also present a hyperechoic appearance. Most of these hyperechoic malignant lesions present other characteristics that are more typically suggestive of malignancy such as posterior shadowing, a more vertical axis or irregular margins that help to guide the diagnosis. Post magnetic resonance imaging, second-look ultrasound may visualise hyperechoic malignant lesions that would not have been identified at first sight and radiologists must know how to recognise these lesions. TEACHING POINTS: ⢠Some rare malignant breast lesions can present a hyperechoic appearance. ⢠Malignant lesions present other characteristics that are suggestive of malignancy. ⢠An echogenic mass with fat density on mammography does not require biopsy.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Active discopathy is associated with a specific phenotype of chronic low back pain (LBP). Local inflammation has a role in active discopathy-associated symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a single glucocorticoid intradiscal injection (GC IDI) in patients with chronic LBP with active discopathy. DESIGN: Prospective, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00804531). SETTING: 3 tertiary care centers in France. PATIENTS: 135 patients with chronic LBP with active discopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). INTERVENTION: A single GC IDI (25 mg prednisolone acetate) during discography (n = 67) or discography alone (n = 68). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with LBP intensity less than 40 on an 11-point numerical rating scale (0 [no pain] to 100 [maximum pain] in 10-point increments) in the previous 48 hours at 1 month after the intervention. The main secondary outcomes were LBP intensity and persistent active discopathy on MRI at 12 months and spine-specific limitations in activities, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression, employment status, and use of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at 1 and 12 months. RESULTS: All randomly assigned patients were included in the primary efficacy analysis. At 1 month after the intervention, the percentage of responders (LBP intensity <40) was higher in the GC IDI group (36 of 65 [55.4%]) than the control group (21 of 63 [33.3%]) (absolute risk difference, 22.1 percentage points [95% CI, 5.5 to 38.7 percentage points]; P = 0.009). The groups did not differ in LBP intensity at 12 months and in most secondary outcomes at 1 and 12 months. LIMITATION: Tertiary care setting. CONCLUSION: In chronic LBP associated with active discopathy, a single GC IDI reduces LBP at 1 month but not at 12 months. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: French Ministry of Health.
