Between-breed variations in resistance/resilience to gastrointestinal nematodes among indigenous goat breeds in Uganda.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), Haemonchus contortus, are a major health problem in goat production. Resistance to H. contortus, the most prevalent GIN in Uganda, was studied among three indigenous goat breeds to assess their differences. Twelve male goats of each breed approximately 7 months old of small East African (SEA), Mubende, and Kigezi goats from smallholder farmers in Arua, Mubende, and Kabale were assembled for the study. At the station, they were dewormed with a combination therapy of the broad-spectrum dewormers closantel and albendazole to free the goats of gastrointestinal parasites. During experimentation, the goats were kept indoors and ad libitum fed on clean banana peels and napier grass. On attainment of zero-worm-egg status, the goats were artificially infected with 18,000 third-stage (L3) larvae of H. contortus prepared according to Baermann's procedure. Data were collected on fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and body weight (BW) on a 2-week basis until 12 weeks post infection and carcass weight and total worm count (WC) in the abomasum at termination of the experiment. The data on FEC, PCV, and BW were subjected to repeated-measure analysis of variance and the others by one-way analysis of variance. FEC between breeds was only significantly different at 12 weeks post infection (p = 0.04). Generally, higher FEC was recorded in Kigezi compared to SEA and Mubende goats. Carcass weight was significantly different among breeds (p < 0.05), with Mubende having the highest carcass weight, followed by Kigezi and SEA. PCV and daily weight gains were significantly different between breeds (p < 0.05). WC was not significantly different between the breeds. FEC and PCV were weakly significant at later stages of the experiment with higher parasite burden suggesting potential variation in resistance to H. contortus. These differences could be exploited in designing breeding programs with disease resistance in indigenous goat breeds.

[Paranasal sinus mucoceles: surgical management and long term results]. / Mukozelen der Nasennebenhöhlen: Chirurgisches Therapiekonzept und Langzeitergebnisse.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the best surgical approach in the treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles according to their localization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 255 patients with 290 sinus mucoceles who were treated surgically at the ENT-Department of the Hospital Fulda gAG between 1983 and 2001. This series include 125 frontal sinus, 23 frontoethmoid, 41 ethmoid, 72 maxillary sinus and 26 sphenoid mucoceles. The patients' history, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, and surgical management were reviewed. Of them, 185 patients were followed by endoscopic and CT or MRI control during a period of up to 19 years, median follow-up was 12 years. RESULTS: In 168 out of 255 patients (66 %) the mucoceles were arisen due to previous sinus surgery, in 37 cases (14 %) after traumatic lesions, in 5 patients (2 %) due to chronic sinusitis and in 2 cases (<1 %) according to tumors. In 43 cases (17 %) no causes were found. In 78.8 % the previous operation was performed via an external approach, either according to Jansen/Ritter or Caldwell-Luc, contrary to 1.5 % after endonasal surgery. The median period until mucocele appearance was 15 years for maxillary sinus, 13 years for frontoethmoid, 10 years for ethmoid, and 8 years for frontal and sphenoid sinus celes, respectively. 201 mucoceles (69.3 %) have been operated endonasal micro-endoscopically, 18.6 % via the osteoplastic approach, 10 % endoscopically combined with an osteoplastic procedure and only 2 % according to Jansen/Ritter. Thereafter, recurrence of mucoceles was found in 4 patients only ( = 2.2 %; related to the endonasal approach = 1.6 %). CONCLUSION: Frontoethmoidal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinus mucoceles are excellent indication for exclusively endonasal micro-endoscopic surgery. The osteoplastic approach combined with endonasal surgery is suitable in far lateral located frontal or maxillary sinus mucoceles.

[A case of high-flow priapism successfully treated with percutaneous selective embolization of the internal pudendal artery]. / Prípad vysokoprutokového priapismu úspesne vyreseného perkutánní selektivní embolizací a. pudendalis interna.

Relatively rare high-flow priapism is most frequently caused by contusion or direct injury of the cavernous artery with a subsequent uncontrolled inflow of arterial blood into the cavernous bodies. Knowledge of this pathophysiology and the development of intervention radiology made a more selective therapeutic approach possible. The authors present a report on a case of arterial or high-flow priapism which was successfully resolved by a minimally invasive approach--percutaneous superselective transcatheter embolization of the internal pudendal artery.

[Massive systemic and intracranial air embolisms in a premature child with severe RDS syndrome treated with high-frequency oscillation ventilation]. / Masivní systémová a intrakraniální vzduchová embolie u nezralého dítete s tezkým RDS syndromem, léceným vysokofrekvencní oscilacní ventilací (HFOV).

The authors present a case of massive systemic air embolism with an unusual X-ray finding which developed during high-frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV), paradoxically when minimal inflation pressures were used. The air was detected by X-ray not only in the systemic circulation but also intracranially (in the area of the cisterna magna, cerebral sinuses and intraventricularly). They draw attention to the fact that even the application of non-conventional ventilation methods does not rule out the development of this serious complication and they recommend, when this complications is suspected, to examine by X-ray also the cranium. This is the first report in the literature where intracranial embolization developed during HFOV.

[Personal experience with examination of the small intestine using the enteroclysis method]. / Nase zkusenosti s vysetrením tenkého streva metodou enteroklyze.

Enteroclysis is rightly included to modern diagnostic methods for detecting damage to alimentary canal. It enables to visualize even small morphological changes on the mucous membrane of intestine, to prove fistulas if present and to evaluate functional changes if correctly applied. It significantly contributes to establishing early diagnosis in affections of the intestine and consequent use of adequate therapy. The authors in their communication summarized their experience, obtained in the examination of one hundred patients. They selected a modified procedure of examination according to Herlinger with the use of Prontobarium suspension and methyl cellulose. The application was made with a controlled duodenal probe from the Nicholas Company, introduced by nose. The average duration of one examination was 44 minutes.