[Effects of the treatment of coffee pulp, fresh or ensilaged, with calcium hydroxide, on its nutritive value]. / Efectos del tratamiento de la pulpa de café, fresca o ensilada, con hidróxido de calcio, sobre su valor nutritivo.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the addition of calcium hydroxide on the chemical composition and nutritive value of fresh or ensilaged coffee pulp. Fresh or ensilaged pulp were mixed with 1, 2 and 3% of calcium hydroxide. The process was carried out during 0 and 16 hr, after which time the treated pulp was sun-dried for 36 hr until moisture content reached 12%. These samples were then analyzed for their proximate chemical composition and for some minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), as well as for caffeine, tannins and chlorogenic and caffeic acids content. Diets were then prepared from these materials, containing 15% protein and 15 or 30% fresh or ensilaged coffee pulp, and offered to weanling rats during six weeks. Information required on weight gain, food conversion, apparent digestibility and toxicity of the diets was recorded. Results of the chemical analysis revealed that the main changes found in both types of pulp as a result of the calcium hydroxide treatment were the following: a decrease in ether extract (from 4.0 to 2.5 g/100 g), crude fiber (from 18.3 to 11.9 g/100 g) and protein content (from 12.3 to 8.6 g/100 g) in an inverse relation to the amount of calcium hydroxide used. The amount of ash increased, fluctuated between 5.5 and 15.4%, depending on the amount of calcium hydroxide used. The latter affected the Ca:P ratio in the diets, where an average ratio of 7.2:1 was found in the control pulp (0% calcium hydroxide) and 59.0:1 in those treated with the highest amount of calcium hydroxide (3%). Regarding the caffeine, tannins and chlorogenic and caffeic acids contents, calcium hydroxide was effective in decreasing only tannins, more so in the fresh than in the ensilaged pulp; the decrease was in direct proportion to the amount of calcium hydroxide added and to the length of the Ca(OH)2 treatment. The results of the biological assays showed that the addition of Ca(OH)2 in either of the two time periods used and at either of the concentrations studied, did not improve the nutritive value of coffee pulp. There was always a better performance in the animals that consumed ensilaged pulp than in those fed fresh pulp. The animals fed 15% coffee pulp either fresh or ensilaged performed better than those consuming 30% coffee pulp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

[Relationship between the included levels of coffee pulp and the protein content in rations for monogastric animals]. / Relación entre los niveles de inclusión de pulpa de café y contenido proteínico en raciones para animales monogástricos.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of including fresh and ensilaged coffee pulp in rations for monogastric animals, and find the best protein and coffee pulp levels in rations for rats. Fresh coffee pulp and pulp ensilaged for 12 months were used; both kinds of pulp were sun-dried before incorporating them into the rations. The chemical analyses of the pulps revealed a lower content in caffeine, tannins, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in the ensilaged pulp than in fresh coffee pulp. Thirty-two experimental rations were prepared, 16 with fresh coffee pulp and 16 with the ensilaged by-product, distributed into four different protein levels (10, 15, 20 and 25%), and three levels of pulp (15, 30 and 45%) for each protein level. The rations thus prepared were fed to Wistar albino rats for a six-week period. The parameters used to measure the effect of the two types of pulp were mortality rate, food consumption, weight gain, food conversion and apparent digestibility of the rations. Ensilaged pulp had a higher nutritive value, lower toxicity and better digestibility than fresh pulp. The increase in the protein level of the ration resulted in partial protection against the negative effects of coffee pulp on the performance of animals, since this improved as the protein level of the ration increased.

Relación entre los niveles de inclusión de pulpa de café y contenido proteínico en raciones para animales monogástricos / Relationship between the inclusion of coffee pulp levels and protein content in rations for manogastric animals

El presente trabajo consistió en determinar los efectos que la pulpa de café fresca o ensilada y deshidratada ejerce en los animales monogástricos, así como el mejor nivel de proteína y de pulpa de café fresca o ensilada en raciones pra ratas. Con este propósito, se utilizó pulpa fresca y pulpa ensilada durante 12 meses, ambas deshidratadas al sol. El análisis químico de estos materiales reveló un menor contenido de cafeína, taninos, ácido clorogénico y ácido cafeico en la pulpa ensilada con respescto a la pulpa fresca. Con estos materiales se prepararon 32 raciones experimentales, 16 con pulpa fresca y 16 con pulpa ensilada; se usaron cuatro niveles proteínicos diferentes (10, 15, 20 y 25%) y tres niveles de pulpa (15,30 y 45%) para cada nivel de proteína en la ración. Se utilizaron ratas como animales experimentales y se realizaron ensayos biológicos cuya duración fue de seis semanas. Los parámetros observados para medir los efectos de los dos tipos de pulpa empleados fueron los siguientes: tasa de mortalidad, consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, índice de conversión alimenticia y digestibilidad aparente de las raciones. La pulpa ensilada acuso mejor valor nutritivo, menor toxicidad y mayor digestibilidad que la pulpa fresca, habiéndose observado un mejor comportamiento en los animales que consumieron pulpa ensilada que en los recibieron pulpa fresca. El aumento en el nivel proteínico de la ración ejerció un efecto protector parcial sobre los efectos negativos de la pulpa, ya que el comportamiento general de los animales mejoró a medida que el porcentaje de proteína aumentaba en la ración