RESUMO
PURPOSE: Apart from subsequent cell death, little is known about long-term effects of a prenatal low-dose X-irradiation (PLDI) on nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, and whether these effects are connected with reduced neuron numbers in the adult brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant mice were X-irradiated with 0, 10 or 50cGy at day 13 (E13) of pregnancy. One day after (E14), or postnatally at day 25 (P25) or P180, the brains of the offspring were analysed concerning the extent of nDNA repair, mt biogenesis, and the relative content of nDNA single strand breaks (SSB). Stereology was applied for evaluating neuronal loss. RESULTS: One day after irradiation no unrepaired SSB were detected. Significant results were mainly obtained for hippocampal pyramidal cells at P180, particularly cell loss following 50 cGy PLDI, increased SSB content and mt biogenesis (0 vs. 10cGy) but decreased mt biogenesis for 10 vs. 50 cGy. CONCLUSIONS: A hypothesis closely related to that regarding molecular events during aging is presented for explaining this second wave of cell death in adult mice following PLDI as a result of accumulated mtDNA damage caused by PLDI. A possible relation to the neurodegenerative hypothesis of schizophrenia is discussed.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Neurônios/efeitos da radiação , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Animais , Encéfalo/embriologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos da radiação , DNA/metabolismo , DNA/efeitos da radiação , Reparo do DNA , DNA Mitocondrial/biossíntese , DNA Mitocondrial/efeitos da radiação , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Hipocampo/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Gravidez , Células Piramidais/metabolismo , Células Piramidais/fisiologia , Células Piramidais/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Scarcities of qualified personnel are becoming a common phenomenon in The Netherlands. At the same time, increasing wages to secure an adequate workforce is not always possible or sufficiently effective, and other ways of retaining and recruiting personnel have to be found. Investigates the importance of various job characteristics for retaining and recruiting employees and presents the results from a survey among employees of a Dutch hospital experiencing a tight labour market. Job characteristics other than wages, such as labour relations and work content, were found to play a major role in individuals' choices to resign or stay. Discusses consequences for employment strategies in other organizations.
Assuntos
Emprego/psicologia , Satisfação no Emprego , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Mobilidade Ocupacional , Emprego/normas , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Organizacionais , Países Baixos , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
Scarcities of qualified personnel are becoming a common phenomenon in The Netherlands. At the same time, increasing wages to secure an adequate workforce is not always possible or sufficiently effective, and other ways of retaining and recruiting personnel have to be found. Investigates the importance of various job characteristics for retaining and recruiting employees and presents the results from a survey among employees of a Dutch hospital experiencing a tight labour market. Job characteristics other than wages, such as labour relations and work content, were found to play a major role in individuals' choices to resign or stay. Discusses consequences for employment strategies in other organizations.
