RESUMO
Phonon softening is a ubiquitous phenomenon in condensed matter systems which is often associated with charge density wave (CDW) instabilities and anharmonicity. The interplay between phonon softening, CDW and superconductivity is a topic of intense debate. In this work, the effects of anomalous soft phonon instabilities on superconductivity are studied based on a recently developed theoretical framework that accounts for phonon damping and softening within the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. Model calculations show that the phonon softening in the form of a sharp dip in the phonon dispersion relation, either acoustic or optical (including the case of Kohn-type anomalies typically associated with CDW), can cause a manifold increase of the electron-phonon coupling constantλ. This, under certain conditions, which are consistent with the concept of optimal frequency introduced by Bergmann and Rainer, can produce a large increase of the superconducting transition temperatureTc. In summary, our results suggest the possibility of reaching high-temperature superconductivity by exploiting soft phonon anomalies restricted in momentum space.
